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CN1017644B - 软管的分流和连接装置及制造方法 - Google Patents

软管的分流和连接装置及制造方法

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Publication number
CN1017644B
CN1017644B CN87102671A CN87102671A CN1017644B CN 1017644 B CN1017644 B CN 1017644B CN 87102671 A CN87102671 A CN 87102671A CN 87102671 A CN87102671 A CN 87102671A CN 1017644 B CN1017644 B CN 1017644B
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China
Prior art keywords
flexible pipe
pipe fitting
rigidity
connection
flow arrangement
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CN87102671A
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CN87102671A (zh
Inventor
皮埃尔·马泰
弗朗索瓦·布菲
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Pneumatiques Caoutchouc Manufacture et Plastiques Kleber Colombes SA
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Pneumatiques Caoutchouc Manufacture et Plastiques Kleber Colombes SA
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Publication of CN87102671A publication Critical patent/CN87102671A/zh
Publication of CN1017644B publication Critical patent/CN1017644B/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14598Coating tubular articles
    • B29C45/14614Joining tubular articles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L31/00Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12461Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5225Joining tubular articles for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5225Joining tubular articles for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52251Joining tubular articles for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52293Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being external
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52297Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising slip-off prevention means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L31/00Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves
    • F16L31/02Arrangements for connecting hoses to one another or to flexible sleeves for branching hoses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Abstract

软管的连接和/或分流装置的制造方法,其特征在于,由于使用一种在热处理后材料冷却过程中它的收缩率至少等于1%的聚合物,该聚合物在分流和/和连接的区域进行收缩,因此,可以保证软管(5)端部管壁在一个刚性内管件(1)及一个外封件(6)之间进行加箍紧固。连接和/或分流装置就是根据这种方法实施的。本发明涉及不同设备或机动车发动机机构之间的流体回路技术领域。

Description

本发明涉及任何装置的流体回路,该流体回路包括需要连接的软管、分流管或排流装置,本发明尤其涉及安装在机动车或长途汽车上的热交换回路。
上述流体回路用于不同设备的连接(或用于机动车中发动机机构的连接)、这种流体回路还同时具有耐久性能(尽管处于温度、压力、油或脂的恶劣环境中)、传送流体的化学稳定性能以及密封性能。
不同设备或机构的连接意味着,软管包括一定数量的连接件,该连接件通常是用金属材料制作的刚性套管,而分流装置的直径与主软管的直径是相同的或不是相同的。
由于构成这种(或多种)弹性材料的特性,因而这些软管具有很大的可靠性,这种(或这些)弹性材料一般地都包括由织物或金属材料构成的连续的或非连续的加强元件,设备或机构的连接区域以及主管上分流管或排流装置的连接区域都具有薄弱点,由于在压力和温度的作用下,或仅仅是由于以弹性材料为主的混合物在恶劣条件下的蠕变,因此,在上述薄弱点就有可能产生漏泄或者甚至脱开连接。
为了减少这些故障,人们提出了各种解决方案。其中一些是纯机械的解决方案,例如,在专利EP88,571或DE3,430053中就是这样的,它们涉及在软管中插入一个金属制作的具有扩口基面的刚性管件,该管件可通过任何方式固定。其它的克服漏泄或脱开连接的故障的解决方案,如同专利FR256,2886或EP0,110,102中述及的那样,使用以橡胶或合成树脂为主的复制模。
现有技术的解决方案具有以下缺点:
一方面削弱了主软管的固有强度。这是因为上述解决方案中需要 在管壁上开孔,从而缩小了能承受机械应力的材料截面,或破坏了上述管壁的强度;另外,钻孔时,在孔的边缘钻孔会导致在应力很大的区域中产生裂纹;
另外,制造起来困难。因为在采用机械解决方案时,需要在主软管中插入固定的金属件,而在采用复制模解决方案时,则需要在支管区域放入内芯,以保证复制模操作时必要的反压力,然后,一旦操作完成就取出内芯。为了简化这些操作,内芯通常具有一种抗橡胶粘连的润滑剂涂层,这种涂层会弄污复制模区域,並会影响复制模与软管外表面之间必要的内在连接的质量。另一方面,放入和取出这些内芯的操作,会引起主软管和支路软管的内表面的损伤,甚至会在表面上产生应力,从而加速了上述软管的损伤;
再者,实施起来费用昂贵,无论是采用机械解决方案时在软管中插入金属件,还是采用复制模解决方案时需要进行两个连续的操作步骤,即首先把材料喷注到软管的复制模上,然后,使上述材料在模中在压力下硫化,这样,就需要数分钟的时间,並需要使用成套的工具;
同时鉴于金属插入件或内芯的通道所必需的尺寸,因此,不能设置同主软管的直径一样的支流管;由于存在这些困难,因此,也不能把分流管设置在远离主软管端部的区域;
在复制模的情况下,由于需要在支管区域内进行附加热处理,引起以橡胶为主的混合物的过硫化,从而削弱了上述区域中的机械性能,並减弱了抗老化能力。
最后,由于装配车间需要处于非常清洁的状态,因此要求使用净化溶剂,这就造成这种工作场所卫生条件不好,而且,车间里有可能发生火灾和爆炸的危险。
对于现有技术的分析清楚地表明,一种生产连接件、主软管上的支流支管和排流支管,制造起来非常经济、同时又具有可靠性能的装置,尚未被掌握。
另外,必须注意到,工业中(尤其是汽车工业中)的工艺变化,在温度及压力方面,明显地受到工作条件的约束。
本发明的目的在于,通过费用较少的具有良好卫生条件的生产设备,制造软管与刚性套管,或者与一个(或多个)分流支管,或者与排流系统之间的连接装置,在避免漏泄或断开的任何危险时,提供一种在机械外力、传输的流体冲击以及恶劣环境影响下的可靠性和耐久性。
本发明涉及制造方法,以及由该制造方法获得的连接装置。
就实施方案而言,本发明的特征在于,软管壁的端部,在直的、T型的、r型的、十字型的刚性内管件同外封元件之间的连接区域中,可以获得加箍效果,所述的加箍是通过一种聚合物材料在压力下进行热处理获得的,该聚合物材料在冷却过程中收缩至少等于它的原始直径的1%。
为了简化本发明的描述,上述聚合物材料在下文中将称为可收缩的聚合物。
连接装置的制造方法,主要包括下列步骤:
-将连接用的软管安装在一个具有一定形状的内管件的端部上;
-将已安装完毕的软管端部在常温条件下定位在闭合的模中;
-利用聚合物加工工业中最常使用的设备把可收缩的聚合物喷注到模中,该设备是在高温高压下操作的;
-可收缩的聚合物渗入模内以后,就形成模腔形状;
-冷却时,由于可收缩的聚合物的热性能,就使模塑品的直径产生收缩,这刚好箍紧刚性内管件上的软管端部的管壁。
上述后三个操作步骤大约延续20至60秒。
-将软管及连接装置构成的组装件脱模,然后,它随着温度下降慢慢地继续收缩,大约在24小时以后最终达到稳定。
这样,对于已制成的产品来说,本发明的特征在于,上述装置包括抗压耐温的刚性内管件以及外封元件,该外封元件由可收缩的聚合物构成,该可收缩的聚合物可以箍紧上述内管件上软管壁。
本发明的特征和不同实施例,通过阅读说明书和附图将是很好理解的。
附图如下:
-图1是温度变化及可收缩的聚合物的收缩变化的曲线图;
-图2示出连接装置内管件的不同实施例;
-图3示出连接装置的不同应用。
在用于说明制造方法的图1中,水平轴OX用对数比例尺表示时间,单位为秒,垂直轴OY表示材料的温度,轴OZ表示材料的相对收缩。
曲线T表示可收缩的聚合物随着时间发生的温度变化。
通过一个非限制性的实施例的引用例,来描述喷注某些确定了数量级的工业用聚酰胺,就可以清楚地看到,对于聚合物来说,热收缩率大于1%的其它材料也是可以使用的。
使用工业用聚酰胺,喷注时A点温度为270℃,如同大量熔化了的材料渗入冷模中那样,大约30秒以后,材料的温度就迅速下降到大约120℃的B点上,在喷注开始后的45至60秒后,则变化 到100℃的C点上。
同时,如同曲线R所示的那样,固化的可收缩的聚合物的收缩率在点O及点C之间由0至1%或2%,C点处上述曲线趋向于一条渐近线。24小时以后,这种值C与稳定的收缩之间的变化就非常微弱了。
在制造方法简便及经济方面,可以看到,停模(包括软管端部同连接装置之间的连接时间)以及使组装件出模的操作时间少于1分钟。同橡胶复制模相比,显然具有优越性,在橡胶复制模中,喷注和硫化的操作时间为3至6分钟。
能源的节约以及使工业设备固定使用所获得的效益是可观的。
另外,在主软管上开孔以及插入和取出第一个内芯(主软管中)和第二个内芯(在连接元件中)的操作都已被取消,另外,利用溶剂进行清洗和净化的操作也被取消。
图2通过非限制性的引用例示出内管件(1)的几种不同的实施方案,该内管件由任何刚性材料(金属的、合成的或塑料的)制成,它在不变形的情况下有能力承受制造过程中出现的压力和温度。
图2a示出一个直内管件(1),用于成直线地连接两个软管(这里,两个软管直径相同),软管是以相同的或不同配方的橡胶为主的混合物构成的。上述内管件包括一个颈台(2),该颈台可用作装在其上的软管端部的挡块,这样,它们就可以在需要的长度上很好配合。
图2b示出一个直内管件(1)包括一个排流装置(3),该内管件可以成直线地连接两个软管(这里,直径相同),该软管由相同或不同配方的橡胶为主的混合物构成的。上述直内管件(1)及排流 装置(3)的中间部分带有颈台(2),该颈台(2)可以使用与图2a中同样类型的软管端部限位。
图2c具体地示出使用一个T型管件(1)的单分流管的实施例,该T型管件(1)使软管(这里,使软管的直径小于主软管的直径)连接到主软管上。上述T型内管件(1)带有围绕管周的齿沟(4),这种齿沟有利于在上述内管件(1)上对主软管或分流管进行机械固定。上述齿沟(4)的数目、形状、深度以及配置都明显地很好地同加强的或未加强的、以橡胶为主的混合物的模量相配合,构成相连接接的软管,以便保证最好的机械连接。
这些刚性内管件(1)可以具有比较复杂的形状(图中未示出)(例如,用于实施不垂直于主软管的单分流管的Y型管件,用于实施多个分流管的X型管件),並可以带有或不带有齿沟(4)和颈台(2)。
为了提高连接的可靠性,可以在内管件(1)与主软管端部或安装在其上的分流管之间采用一种粘连。
图3示出本发明连接装置的不同应用。
图3a示出一个单排流装置的应用。软管(这里,具有相同直径)(5)安装在直管件(1)的端部,该直管件(1)包括排流装置(3),配置在刚好碰上颈台为止的位置上。
通过上面述及的可收缩的聚合物的喷注方法进行操作,就可以形成外封元件(6),在压紧上述刚性内管件(1)与外封元件(6)之间的管壁时,上述可收缩的聚合物就正好保证FF′区域中软管(5)管壁的加箍。
图3b示出由单分流装置实现的连接装置的应用。主软管以及T型刚性内管件都安装在同刚性内管件(1)相应的支路上,一直到刚 好碰上颈台为止。
外封元件(6)在上面述及的条件中进行模制,以便刚好箍紧刚性内管件(1)上的软管端部管壁。在图中示出的实施例里,上述T型内管件包括齿沟(4),用于改善主软管端部和支管端部的机械连接。
图3示出多路分支连接装置的应用。主软管的端部及分流支管(5)的端部一直安装到具有X形状的刚性内管件(1)的不同支路的颈台(2)处,该刚性内管件(1)具有机械连接的齿沟(4)。如同前图那样,外封元件刚好箍紧刚性内管件(1)上的软管(5)端部的管壁。
在图示的另一个实施例中,在X型刚性内管件(1)及软管(5)端部的内表面之间添加了一层胶合剂(7),在外封元件(6)以及软管(5)端部的外表面也增添了一种胶合剂(7),上述胶合剂,根据构成软管的以橡胶为主的混合物的种类,其组成成分方面可以是相同的或不相同的。
图3d示出在相同区域中以同样方式来装配分流支管及排流装置的连接装置的应用。
图3e示出把软管(5)连接到设备或发动机机构的金属接管口(8)上的连接装置,该装置在接管口(8)前方是明显可拆卸的,以便插入带有软管(5)的端部的模中,因为上述装置起内管件的作用。
对于该领域的技术人员来说,前面述及了各种不同实施例,例如,齿沟(4)、颈台(2),在软管端部的内表面及内管件(1)之间和/或在上述软管(5)的外表面及外封元件(6)之间使用的胶合 剂(7),它们都能够以单独的或组合的方式应用于不同的连接形式以及单的或多路分流装置中。
总之,本发明的分流装置和/或软管之间的连接装置的实施方法具有以下优越性:
-因为不要求任何开孔,因此,不影响主软管的固有强度;
-实施起来简单容易,因为使用聚合物工业中传统的加工机器,因此,不需要特殊设备;
-因为它的加工时间同橡胶复制模的加工时间相比少许多,所以在时间上、能源上和工艺设备的固定使用上都很经济;
-由于加箍的缘故,因此,要制作软管本身具有间隙,因为管壁的不同厚度可以通过喷注同可收缩的聚合物相应的容量加以调整;
-避免使用有危险的溶剂,就保证了工作人员和工作场所的安全;
-最后,显著地减少了对支路软管进行检查的要求及必要的检查次数,因而节约了时间和人员。实际上,为了产生软管壁的加箍,在进行模具喷注填料时,必须不能缺少填料量,填料量可以简单地由目测加以检验,因为如果填料不足的话,其表面或形状就会出现缺陷。正如人们所知的,降低检验成本的因数变得很重要,对于机动车流体管道的情况,招标细则中规定需对分流的软管在加压及无压循环下进行几千次试验。
关于分流及/或连接装置,它们有以下的优点:
-分流装置或排流装置可在同样远离软管端部的区域中实施;
-可以使分流支管的直径甚至等于主软管的直径;
-可以将排流装置置于分流区域中;
-提供了连接用具有不同特性的材料制成的主软管或分流软管的可能性,例如这些材料是抗热及油或脂这样的恶劣环境的材料。对于以橡胶为主的混合物的配方来说,利用以前唯一的混合物去满足相邻区域内热的、动力的及化学的制约条件显然是不能获得最佳经济技术指标的。但是对于聚合物来说,所有材料之间不是兼容的,因此有时不能保证在两种混合物之间进行可靠的粘连。然而利用本发明的连接装置则可以解决这个问题;
-它所起的作用与刚性管件上软管壁的复杂箍环紧固装置的作用相同,但是它没有滑动的可能性,因此,有助于使支管在机器或发动机机构上加以固定;
-通过材料的质地和表面的精加工提供了美观的因素,而这在以往的装置中并不能或多或少地有效地反映出坚固的状态;
-最后,尤其是提供了至今从未得到的可靠特性,甚至在软管与一方为内管件及/或另一方为外封件之间不加入胶合剂时也能得到这种可靠性。事实上试验已经证明:在常温下需要用80旦(daN)以上的力才能从连接装置上拔下直径为20毫米的软管。
本领域的技术人员可以理解上述的方法、装置以及图示中它们的非限制性引用例的应用,在不超出本发明的范围内还可以做出各种各样的改型。

Claims (7)

1、流体回路中,软管的连接和/或分流装置的制造方法,可采用公知的方法,例如,喷注聚合物材料的模制法,其特征在于:由于使用一种在热处理后材料冷却过程中它的收缩率至少等于1%的聚合物,该聚合物刚好在分流和/或连接的区域进行收缩,因此,可以保证软管(5)端部管壁在一个刚性内管件(1)及一个外封件(6)之间进行加箍紧固。
2、流体回路中,软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:它包括一个刚性内管件(1)和一个外封件(6),软管(5)的端部在刚性内管件(1)与外封件(6)之间被箍紧。
3、根据权利要求2中所述的软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:刚性内管件(1)带有齿沟(4),用于通过使用机构钩连增强软管(5)端部管壁的紧箍。
4、根据权利要求2或3中任何一个权利要求中所述的软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:通过使用置于软管(5)端部的内表面及上述内管件(1)之间的胶合剂(7),增强刚性内管件(1)与外封件(6)之间的软管(5)端部管壁的紧箍。
5、根据权利要求4所述的软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:通过使用置于软管(5)端部的外表面与外封件(6)之间的胶合剂(7),增强刚性内管件(1)与外封件(6)之间的软管(5)端部管壁的紧箍。
6、根据权利要求2所述的软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:构成外封件的聚合物材料,在冷却过程中收缩可以大于它的原始厚度的1%,该聚合物材料是聚酰胺6-6(Polyamide6-6)。
7、根据权利要求2所述的软管的连接和/或分流装置,其特征在于:内管件(1)由抗压耐温(温度高于200℃)的合成材料构成的。
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FR2596133B1 (fr) 1988-08-12
EP0243216A1 (fr) 1987-10-28
ZA871903B (en) 1987-11-25
KR950007635B1 (ko) 1995-07-13
CN87102671A (zh) 1988-02-24
ES2017097B3 (es) 1991-01-01
KR870009171A (ko) 1987-10-23
FR2596133A1 (fr) 1987-09-25
JPS62233591A (ja) 1987-10-13
MA20902A1 (fr) 1987-10-01
AU7040687A (en) 1987-09-24
DE3763521D1 (de) 1990-08-09
EP0243216B1 (fr) 1990-07-04
HUT47706A (en) 1989-03-28
GR3001014T3 (en) 1991-12-30
JPS62233592A (ja) 1987-10-13
JP2630333B2 (ja) 1997-07-16
SU1706400A3 (ru) 1992-01-15
AU591762B2 (en) 1989-12-14
CA1324244C (fr) 1993-11-16
PT84523A (fr) 1987-04-01
PT84523B (pt) 1989-11-10
US5033775A (en) 1991-07-23
MX170452B (es) 1993-08-24
ATE54360T1 (de) 1990-07-15
BR8701272A (pt) 1988-01-05
HU200628B (en) 1990-07-28
JPH07101074B2 (ja) 1995-11-01

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