CN101669457A - Cultivating method of selenium-rich yellow mealworm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a breeding method for Tenebrio molitor, belonging to the technical field of breeding. The selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding method of the present invention includes two stages of larvae breeding and selenium-enriched feeding. The Tenebrio molitor larvae are raised to the middle and older stages according to the conventional method, and then transferred to a special-purpose breeding box, fed with wheat bran, and fed with a special-purpose feeding box every day. The drinking water device in the feeding box is fed once with 20-40 mg/L sodium selenite aqueous solution, and is harvested after continuous feeding for 15-20 days. Raising Tenebrio molitor according to the method of the present invention can avoid the loss caused by feed mildew, and can greatly increase the content of trace element selenium in Tenebrio molitor, reaching about 16mg/kg, which is higher than that in the Tenebrio molitor worm body of conventional feeding. The selenium content is about 15 times higher.

Description

A kind of raising method of selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor

technical field

The invention relates to a breeding method for Tenebrio molitor, belonging to the technical field of breeding.

Background technique

Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (also known as Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as mealworm and dry shrimp) belongs to the Coleoptera Coleoptera, Pseudocariaceae, and Tenebrio molitor. Tenebrio molitor adults are about 18mm long, flat, oblong, dark brown, and shiny; larvae are needleworm-type, white when first hatched, and then yellowish-brown. White, mature larva body length 28 ~ 33mm. Tenebrio molitor is a warehouse pest distributed all over the world. Because it is rich in protein (the protein content of larvae is 48% to 59%), it is a high-quality animal protein source with high nutritional value and a wide range of feed sources. The feed conversion rate is high, the production cost is low, and it is easy to carry out large-scale breeding. Now it is widely used as a food additive and a living bait for special economic animals such as soft-shelled turtles, scorpions, ornamental birds and fish.

Tenebrio molitor not only has high protein content, but also has a complete range of amino acids and reasonable composition, and is also rich in unsaturated fatty acids (including linoleic acid content as high as about 24%), vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Therefore, Tenebrio molitor is also a high-quality food. Insects are the food resource of insects, which have high nutritional and health value. Their primary processed foods include dry shrimp, dry shrimp powder, Tenebrio soy sauce, etc., and further processed products include Tenebrio high-protein powder, amino acid oral liquid, etc. Tenebrio molitor can also be used as a "carrier" for beneficial trace elements, converting inorganic trace elements into organic states for directional and quantitative production.

Regarding the bioaccumulation of selenium in Tenebrio molitor, the author once reported that feeding Tenebrio molitor with wheat bran added with 9mg/kg sodium selenite can greatly increase the selenium content of the insect body; Gao Hongli javascript:WriterSearch('Gao Hongli'); Feeding Tenebrio molitor larvae with wheat bran supplemented with 40mg/kg sodium selenite can significantly increase the selenium content of the worm. This method of raising selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor by adding sodium selenite solution to wheat bran has the problems of uneven mixing and high water content of the feed, which is prone to enzyme deterioration. It can only be raised in small containers in the laboratory, and it is difficult to breed on a large scale. in the application.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies that the feed water content that exists in the selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding of the prior art is high and easy to go moldy, and a kind of effective selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding method that can avoid feed mildew is provided, to satisfy The need for large-scale breeding of selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor.

Selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding method of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1), larva culture:

The Tenebrio molitor larvae were reared to the middle and older stages according to conventional methods, and the feed was mainly wheat bran, supplemented by fresh vegetables or melon and fruit peels. 15% to 20% of the mass; supplementary materials are fed once every 2 days, and the amount (fresh weight) of each feeding is 10% to 15% of the total mass of the worms, and the stocking density is 3.5 to 6kg/m ² worms. The temperature is controlled at 24°C to 30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 60% to 75%, and the manure is screened every 3 to 5 days;

(2), selenium-enriched feeding:

Transfer the middle and older Tenebrio molitors to a special breeding box, feed them with wheat bran, add wheat bran every 3 days, each addition is 15% to 20% of the total mass of the insect body, and feed them with wheat bran in the special breeding box every day. The drinking water device feeds 20-40 mg/L sodium selenite aqueous solution once, and the feeding amount is 60 mL/kg worm body, and harvests after continuous feeding for 15-20 days.

Tenebrio molitor has high nutritional and health value, and can also be used as a "carrier" for beneficial trace elements, transforming inorganic trace elements into organic states for directional and quantitative production. Due to the small body of Tenebrio molitor, it is difficult to drink water for Tenebrio molitor through a conventional drinking device suitable for feeding larger animals, so the existing selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding achieves the purpose of enriching selenium by adding sodium selenite solution in the feed . But adding sodium selenite solution in the feed makes the water content in the feed high, which is easy to cause feed mildew and bring losses. Large-scale breeding not only has feed mildew, but also has uneven mixing materials that affect the selenium of Tenebrio molitor. content problem. In the present invention, the Tenebrio molitor is reared to the middle and older stages according to the conventional method, and then transferred to a special feeding box for selenium-enriched feeding. A drinking water device is arranged in the special feeding box body, and the drinking water device is composed of a Y-shaped trough, and the hollow part of the Y-shaped trough Filled with a foam layer, when feeding water to Tenebrio molitor, the aqueous solution is added to the Y-shaped groove to soak the foam, and Tenebrio molitor can concentrate on both sides of the water supply device to suck the aqueous solution. The foam layer in the Y-shaped tank can prevent the added drinking water (the drinking water volume is 60-70% of the foam volume so that the water will not drip) dripping into the box, and the box can be kept dry, which can avoid mildew and rot of the feed The problem of uneven mixing. Feed 20-40mg/L sodium selenite aqueous solution once a day with the drinking water device in the special breeding box, and feed continuously for 15-20 days, which can greatly increase the content of trace element selenium in Tenebrio molitor, reaching about 16mg/kg , which is about 15 times higher than the selenium content in the conventionally reared Tenebrio molitor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a breeding box of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a drinking water device for a breeding box of the present invention.

Marks in the figure: 1-cabinet, 2-Y-shaped groove, 3-foam filling layer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Test example 1

The selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding method of the present embodiment comprises the steps:

(1), larva culture:

Feed the hatched Tenebrio molitor larvae for 60 days according to the conventional method until the middle-age stage. The main feed is wheat bran, supplemented by fresh vegetables or melon peels. The amount is 15% to 20% of the total mass of the insect body; the auxiliary material is fed once every 2 days, and the amount (fresh weight) of each feeding is 10% to 15% of the total mass of the insect body. The stocking density is 3.5-6kg/m ² worms, the stocking temperature is controlled at 24°C-30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, and the manure is screened every 3-5 days;

(2), selenium-enriched feeding:

The middle-age Tenebrio molitor larvae (average body weight 5g/100 heads) reared for 60 days were randomly divided into two groups, each with three boxes, and one group was transferred to a 40cm×60cm special-purpose breeding box with a drinking device for special feeding. The box is shown in Figure 1. There is a drinking water device in the box body 1. The drinking water device is composed of three hollow Y-shaped slots 2. The Y-shaped slots 2 are fixed in the box body 1. The hollow parts of the Y-shaped slots 2 are filled with foam. Layer 3. Feed with wheat bran, add wheat bran every 3 days, each addition is 15% of the total mass of worms, feed 32mg/L sodium selenite aqueous solution once a day in a special feeding box, the dosage is 60mL/kg worms body. The stocking density is about 16,000 heads/m ² (0.85kg/box), the temperature is controlled at 24°C-27°C, and the sun is shaded. Harvest after continuous feeding for 20 days.

Comparative example 1

The other group was transferred to a 40cm×60cm rearing box without a drinking device and raised as a control group, fed with wheat bran, and supplemented with fresh vegetables to provide water for Tenebrio molitor. The stocking density is about 16,000 heads/m ² , the temperature is controlled at 24-27°C, and the light is properly shaded. They are harvested after continuous feeding for 20 days.

After the feeding, the selenium content of Tenebrio molitor in the two groups of Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was measured by sampling. ① Sampling method: After the rearing was finished, three samples of Tenebrio molitor larvae were randomly taken from Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 respectively (one for each box), each 3g, starved for 3 days, made to drain the feces, and quickly washed with boiling water. Scald to death, dry and grind the powder at 80°C; ②Sample digestion: Weigh 0.5000g sample from each Tenebrio molitor powder mentioned above, put it in a 50mL beaker and add 10mL mixed acid (nitric acid:perchloric acid=3:1) Heating on a low-temperature electric heating plate, adding nitric acid appropriately until the solution is a bright green transparent liquid, continuing to heat until nearly dry, adding 3mol/L HCL40mL in a beaker, heating in a water bath at 90°C for 15 minutes, and reducing +6 valent selenium For +4-valent selenium, transfer it to a 50ml volumetric flask to constant volume, and then dilute it 250 times for determination; ③Determination of selenium content: adopt mobile hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and quantify with standard curve method. The instrument is the TAS-II stone mill furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (hollow lamp with selenium cathode) of Beijing Puyan General Instrument Co., Ltd.; the working conditions are wavelength 213.6nm, spectral bandwidth 0.4nm, negative high voltage 405V, lamp current 8mA, flame Type C ₂ H ₂ , gas flow rate 1500mL/min. As a result of the measurement, the selenium content of the three samples in test example 1 was 15.40 mg/kg, 16.66 mg/kg and 13.09 mg/kg respectively, with an average of 15.05 mg/kg, and the selenium content of the three samples in comparative example 1 was 0.94 mg/kg respectively. mg/kg, 0.92mg/kg, 0.88mg/kg, the average is 0.91mg/kg, and the selenium content of test example 1 is 16.54 times higher than that of comparative example 1.

Test example 2

The selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor breeding method of the present embodiment comprises the steps:

(1), larva culture:

Feed the hatched Tenebrio molitor larvae for 70 days according to the conventional method, and feed them with wheat bran as the main feed, supplemented by fresh vegetables or melon peels. It is 15% to 20% of the total mass of the insect body; the auxiliary material is fed once every 2 days, and the amount (fresh weight) of each feeding is 10% to 15% of the total mass of the insect body. The stocking density is 3.5-6kg/ ^m2 worms, the stocking temperature is controlled at 24-30°C, and the relative humidity is preferably controlled at 60-75%, and the manure is screened every 3-5 days;

(2), selenium-enriched feeding:

The older Tenebrio molitors (average body weight 6g/100 heads) raised for 70 days were randomly divided into two groups, each group had three boxes, and one group was transferred to a 40cm×60cm special breeding box with a drinking device and fed with wheat bran. , add wheat bran every 3 days, and each addition is 15% of the total mass of the insect body. The sodium selenite aqueous solution of once 36mg/L is regularly fed with the drinking water device in the special feeding box every day, and consumption is 60mL/kg worm body. As shown in Figure 1, a drinking water device is installed in the special feeding box body 1, and the drinking water device is composed of three hollow Y-shaped grooves 2, the Y-shaped grooves 2 are fixed in the box body 1, and the hollow parts of the Y-shaped grooves 2 are filled. There is foam layer 3. The stocking density is about 16,000 head/m ² (0.85kg/box), the temperature is controlled at 24°C-27°C, and the light is properly shaded. Harvest after 16 days of continuous feeding.

Comparative example 2

The other group was transferred to a 40cm×60cm rearing box without a drinking device and raised as a control group, fed with wheat bran, and supplemented with fresh vegetables to provide water for Tenebrio molitor. The stocking density is about 16,000 heads/m ² , the temperature is controlled at 24°C-27°C, and the light is properly shaded, and the harvest is harvested after continuous feeding for 16 days.

After the rearing, the selenium content of Tenebrio molitor in the two groups of Test Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 was determined by sampling. ①Sampling method: After the rearing is over, take three samples of Tenebrio molitor larvae randomly from Test Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 respectively (one for each box), each 3g, starve for 3 days, make it drain the feces, and quickly wash them with boiling water. Scald to death, dry and grind the powder at 80°C; ②Sample digestion: Weigh 0.5000g sample from each Tenebrio molitor powder mentioned above, put it in a 50mL beaker and add 10mL mixed acid (nitric acid:perchloric acid=3:1) Heating on a low-temperature electric heating plate, adding nitric acid appropriately until the solution is a bright green transparent liquid, continuing to heat until nearly dry, adding 3M/L HCL40mL in a beaker, heating in a water bath at 90°C for 15 minutes, and reducing +6 valent selenium For +4-valent selenium, transfer it to a 50mL volumetric flask and dilute it 250 times for determination; ③Determination of selenium content: use mobile hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and quantify with the standard curve method. The instrument is the TAS-II stone mill furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (hollow lamp with selenium cathode) of Beijing Puyan General Instrument Co., Ltd.; the working conditions are wavelength 213.6nm, spectral bandwidth 0.4nm, negative high voltage 405V, lamp current 8mA, flame Type C ₂₂ , gas flow rate 1500mL/min. The test results show that the selenium content of the three samples of test example 2 is 16.48mg/kg, 17.53mg/kg and 15.99mg/kg respectively, with an average of 16.67mg/kg, and the selenium content of the three samples of comparative example 2 is 0.92mg/kg respectively. mg/kg, 0.97mg/kg, 0.93mg/kg, the average is 0.94mg/kg, and the selenium content of test example 2 is 17.73 times higher than that of comparative example 2.

Claims (1)

1. a method for raising selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor, is characterized in that comprising the steps: (1), larva culture: The Tenebrio molitor larvae were reared to the middle and older stages according to conventional methods. The main feed was wheat bran, supplemented by fresh vegetables or melon and fruit peels. 15% to 20% of the mass; supplementary materials are fed once every 2 days, and the amount of feeding each time is 10-15% of the total mass of the insect body. 30°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 60-75%, and the manure is screened every 3-5 days; (2), selenium-enriched feeding: Transfer the middle and older Tenebrio molitors to a special breeding box, feed them with wheat bran, and feed 20-40mg/L sodium selenite aqueous solution once a day with the drinking water device in the special breeding box, and the dosage is 60mL/kg insect body , harvested after continuous feeding for 15-20 days.

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