CN101561430B - System for monitoring crack of piezoelectric-array converged alertness network structure and monitoring and installing methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统，在由多条相互绝缘的机敏线交叉组成的仿生监测单元的基础上，增加了压电传感元件组成的压电阵列，不但能够通过机敏线监测出结构表面裂缝的准确判断，而且能够通过压电元件的压电信号判断出结构内部应力场量，由此得到裂缝出现前潜在承载能力、危险状态预判断及裂缝出现后其深度和结构应力释放等状态的分析结果，本系统能够实现对工程结构的全方位的、立体的损伤检测，是使用可靠、效率高、成本低、结果准确的监测系统；同时，本发明还公开了一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统的监测方法和安装方法。
The invention discloses a monitoring system for cracks in a piezoelectric array fusion smart net structure. On the basis of a bionic monitoring unit composed of a plurality of mutually insulated smart lines intersecting, a piezoelectric array composed of piezoelectric sensing elements is added, which not only The accurate judgment of the cracks on the surface of the structure can be monitored through the sensitive line, and the internal stress field of the structure can be judged through the piezoelectric signal of the piezoelectric element, so as to obtain the potential bearing capacity before the crack appears, the pre-judgment of the dangerous state, and the remaining time after the crack appears. The analysis results of the depth and structural stress release state, this system can realize the comprehensive and three-dimensional damage detection of the engineering structure, and it is a monitoring system with reliable use, high efficiency, low cost and accurate results; at the same time, the invention also discloses A monitoring method and installation method of a structural crack monitoring system fused with a piezoelectric array and smart net are presented.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统及监测和安装方法。The invention relates to a crack monitoring system and a monitoring and installation method of a piezoelectric array fusion smart net structure.
背景技术Background technique
大部分大型混凝土结构其病害发展、性能退化及结构失效均源于裂缝的发生和发展，因此，裂缝问题是混凝土结构健康和安全研究最重要的内容。及时发现、掌握混凝土裂缝情况，就能及时把握结构状态，采取有效措施(如灌浆、加固等)，降低养护要求，延长结构使用寿命，避免因损坏、垮塌给生命和财产带来损失。The development of disease, performance degradation and structural failure of most large concrete structures originate from the occurrence and development of cracks. Therefore, the crack problem is the most important content in the research on the health and safety of concrete structures. Timely detection and mastery of concrete cracks will enable timely grasp of the structural state, and effective measures (such as grouting, reinforcement, etc.) can be taken to reduce maintenance requirements, prolong the service life of the structure, and avoid loss of life and property due to damage and collapse.
目前，针对混凝土结构裂缝的有效监测方法十分有限。国内外的专家学者提出的方法主要有：a.利用蛇形分布式光时域反射计监测结构裂缝；b.利用外层绕装螺旋形导电层的同轴电缆制作的电时域反射计预埋在混凝土接近表面处来实现对横向裂缝的大致位置、大小的监测；c.利用光频域反射计监测结构裂缝；d.利用多线分布式光时域反射计监测结构裂缝的方法；e.利用基于光纤的裂缝传感网络，通过感知裂缝与光纤传感网络相交来确定裂缝的宽度、位置和方向；但这些研究方法在大型混凝土结构上使用都需要集成大量密集压电元件、连接线及其监测电路于待监测结构表面，要实现大型混凝土结构的裂缝监测尚存在很大的工艺难度，应用起来困难重重。Currently, effective monitoring methods for cracks in concrete structures are limited. The methods proposed by experts and scholars at home and abroad mainly include: a. using a serpentine distributed optical time domain reflectometer to monitor structural cracks; Buried in concrete close to the surface to monitor the approximate position and size of transverse cracks; c. Using optical frequency domain reflectometer to monitor structural cracks; d. Using multi-line distributed optical time domain reflectometer to monitor structural cracks; e .Using an optical fiber-based crack sensing network, the width, position and direction of the crack can be determined by sensing the intersection of the crack and the optical fiber sensing network; however, these research methods need to integrate a large number of dense piezoelectric elements and connecting lines when used on large concrete structures And its monitoring circuit is on the surface of the structure to be monitored. It is still very difficult to realize the crack monitoring of large concrete structures, and it is difficult to apply.
本申请人曾经提出过一种应用于实际桥梁裂缝监测的机敏网裂缝监测方法，模拟生物体肌肤对创伤的感应机理，用漆包铜线布设成网格状粘贴于桥梁结构表面，通过中间处理器监测漆包线通断的方式，可对结构表面裂缝的发生与发展进行有效监测。但该种仿生监测方法尚不能精确判断结构内部变形场量、裂缝内部深度和范围等非表观信息，因此难以判断裂缝出现前潜在承载能力、危险状态预判断及裂缝出现后其深度和结构应力释放等状态。The applicant once proposed a smart mesh crack monitoring method applied to actual bridge crack monitoring, simulating the induction mechanism of biological skin to trauma, laying enamelled copper wires in a grid shape and pasting them on the surface of bridge structures, through intermediate processing The method of monitoring the on-off of the enameled wire by the device can effectively monitor the occurrence and development of cracks on the surface of the structure. However, this kind of bionic monitoring method cannot accurately judge the non-apparent information such as the internal deformation field of the structure, the internal depth and range of the crack, so it is difficult to judge the potential bearing capacity before the crack appears, the pre-judgment of the dangerous state, and the depth and structural stress after the crack appears. state of release.
在中国专利“结构裂缝仿生监测系统及其监测方法”(公开号为CN101299032A)中，提出了一种结构裂缝仿生系统，包括“粘贴在待监测结构上的多根机敏线I和多根机敏线II组成的监测单元，机敏线I、II交叉设置构成平面坐标系的机敏神经网络，通过总线、开关与信号处理装置连接”，与本发明的不同之处在于：本发明的每条机敏线上至少连接有一个压电传感器元件，多个压电传感器元件组成紧密布置于待监测结构上的压电传感阵列，该种设计的好处在于：检测信号的信号源可以取自压电传感器元件发出的压电信号或外部信号发生设备输入的外部信号，当信号取自压电传感器时，只需要将机敏线内部所包括的除压电导线以外的全部或部分导线与压电传感器相连接即可，这种连接的好处在于不需要添加额外的信号发生设备，减少了设备投资，增加了设备的灵活性。In the Chinese patent "Structural crack bionic monitoring system and its monitoring method" (publication number is CN101299032A), a structural crack bionic system is proposed, including "a plurality of smart lines I and a plurality of smart lines pasted on the structure to be monitored The monitoring unit composed of II, the smart neural network formed by intersecting smart lines I and II to form a plane coordinate system, is connected with the signal processing device through a bus, a switch, and the difference from the present invention is that each smart line of the present invention At least one piezoelectric sensor element is connected, and multiple piezoelectric sensor elements form a piezoelectric sensing array closely arranged on the structure to be monitored. The advantage of this design is that the signal source of the detection signal can be taken from the piezoelectric sensor element The piezoelectric signal or the external signal input by the external signal generating device. When the signal is taken from the piezoelectric sensor, it is only necessary to connect all or part of the wires included in the smart line except the piezoelectric wire to the piezoelectric sensor. , the advantage of this connection is that there is no need to add additional signal generating equipment, which reduces equipment investment and increases equipment flexibility.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统及监测方法，不但能够实现对结构裂缝表面状况的监测，同时还能通过压电元件的压电信号判断出结构内部应力场量，由此得到裂缝出现前潜在承载能力、危险状态预判断及裂缝出现后其深度和结构应力释放等状态的分析结果，实现对结构裂缝由内到外全方位的立体监测。In view of this, the present invention provides a structural crack monitoring system and monitoring method of piezoelectric array fusion smart network, which can not only realize the monitoring of the surface condition of structural cracks, but also judge the internal cracks of the structure through the piezoelectric signal of the piezoelectric element The stress field quantity, from which the potential bearing capacity before the crack appears, the pre-judgment of the dangerous state, and the analysis results of its depth and structural stress release state after the crack appears, realize the all-round three-dimensional monitoring of the structural crack from the inside to the outside.
本发明的目的之一是提供一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统，包括由多条相互绝缘的机敏线交叉组成的仿生监测单元，所述仿生监测单元紧密粘贴于待监测结构上构成平面坐标系的机敏神经网络，还包括信号处理装置，所述机敏线接入信号处理装置的多路选择单元形成回路；所述每条机敏线上至少连接有一个压电传感器元件，多个压电传感器元件组成紧密布置于待监测结构表面的压电传感阵列；One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric array fusion alert network structure crack monitoring system, including a bionic monitoring unit composed of a plurality of mutually insulated alert lines crossing, and the bionic monitoring unit is closely pasted on the structure to be monitored to form a The smart neural network of the plane coordinate system also includes a signal processing device, and the smart line is connected to the multiplex unit of the signal processing device to form a loop; each of the smart lines is connected with at least one piezoelectric sensor element, and multiple piezoelectric sensor elements are connected to each smart line. The electrical sensor elements form a piezoelectric sensing array closely arranged on the surface of the structure to be monitored;
进一步，所述机敏线由两根以上直径不同且表面绝缘的导线组成，所有导线的一端聚集形成信号输入总线，另一端聚集形成信号输出总线，所述信号输入总线与信号输出总线分别连接于信号处理装置的与之对应的多路选择单元；Further, the smart line is composed of two or more wires with different diameters and insulated surfaces. One end of all the wires is gathered to form a signal input bus, and the other end is gathered to form a signal output bus. The signal input bus and signal output bus are respectively connected to the signal a corresponding multiplexing unit of the processing device;
进一步，所述机敏线上设置有专用于传输压电传感器元件的压电信号的压电导线，所述压电导线与压电传感器元件相连后再与信号处理装置的相应端口相连形成信号回路；Further, the smart wire is provided with a piezoelectric wire dedicated to transmitting the piezoelectric signal of the piezoelectric sensor element, and the piezoelectric wire is connected to the piezoelectric sensor element and then connected to the corresponding port of the signal processing device to form a signal loop;
进一步，还包括上位处理机，所述信号处理装置的信号输出端与上位处理机的通信端口相联；Further, it also includes a host processor, the signal output end of the signal processing device is connected to the communication port of the host processor;
进一步，还包括总线保护装置，所述信号输入总线和信号输出总线设置在总线保护装置内部实现密封。Further, a bus protection device is also included, and the signal input bus and the signal output bus are arranged inside the bus protection device to realize sealing.
本发明的目的之二是提供一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统的监测方法，包括以下步骤：The second object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring method for a crack monitoring system of piezoelectric array fusion alert network structure, comprising the following steps:
1)在计算机中根据仿生监测单元和压电阵列建立相应的网络坐标系；1) Establish a corresponding network coordinate system in the computer according to the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric array;
2)通过计算机的信号处理装置检测、接收和处理由各个压电传感器元件发出的压电信号以及经机敏线传输进来的检测信号，判断所有机敏线是否导通，如果存在断线，进入步骤3)；如果导通正常，则将接收到的各压电信号与正常值进行比较，判断是否存在变化，如果变化程度在正常范围内，则返回检测的初始状态；如果变化程度不在正常范围内，通过压电阵列测量的表面应力场数据和计算机自带数据库及相应数据分析算法，通过反演得到相关基础信息，所述基础信息至少包括结构内部应力场和结构承载能力数据；记录下相关基础信息和检测时间后，进入下一个检测周期；2) Detect, receive and process the piezoelectric signal sent by each piezoelectric sensor element and the detection signal transmitted through the smart line through the signal processing device of the computer, and judge whether all the smart lines are connected. If there is a disconnection, go to step 3 ); if the conduction is normal, compare the received piezoelectric signals with the normal value to determine whether there is a change, if the degree of change is within the normal range, return to the initial state of detection; if the degree of change is not within the normal range, The surface stress field data measured by the piezoelectric array, the computer’s own database and the corresponding data analysis algorithm are used to obtain relevant basic information through inversion. The basic information includes at least the internal stress field of the structure and the structural bearing capacity data; record the relevant basic information and the detection time, enter the next detection cycle;
3)如果存在断线，通过网络坐标系记录断线的网络坐标位置和断线时间；计算机通过断裂的机敏线得到结构裂缝的表面状态信息，根据结构裂缝的表面状态信息，在坐标系中计算出裂缝的位置和形状，并结合由压电阵列测量的表面应力场数据和计算机自带数据库及相应数据分析算法，测算出结构内部应力场，再在已知结构裂缝的表面状态信息和内部应力场的情况下计算出结构裂缝的内部状态参数，所述结构裂缝的内部状态参数至少包括裂缝的深度和延伸面积。3) If there is a broken line, record the network coordinate position and time of the broken line through the network coordinate system; the computer obtains the surface state information of the structural crack through the broken smart line, and calculates in the coordinate system according to the surface state information of the structural crack The location and shape of the cracks, combined with the surface stress field data measured by the piezoelectric array and the computer's own database and corresponding data analysis algorithms, are used to measure and calculate the internal stress field of the structure, and then the surface state information and internal stress of the known structural cracks In the case of the field, the internal state parameters of the structural cracks are calculated, and the internal state parameters of the structural cracks at least include the depth and extension area of the cracks.
进一步，还包括步骤4)和步骤5)：Further, step 4) and step 5) are also included:
4)根据断裂的机敏线的直径和裂缝宽度的对应关系，得到裂缝的宽度信息，并将裂缝信息存储进计算机；根据新增的断裂机敏线的位置和数量，计算已有裂缝的发展状况和新增裂缝的发生状况；4) According to the corresponding relationship between the diameter of the fractured smart line and the width of the crack, the width information of the crack is obtained, and the crack information is stored in the computer; according to the position and quantity of the newly added fractured smart line, the development status and The occurrence of new cracks;
5)将测得的裂缝宽度、长度和结构裂缝的内部状态参数与前次测得的相关数据进行比较，如果长度、宽度和内部状态参数值呈扩大趋势，则在坐标系中计算出其发展趋势。5) Compare the measured crack width, length, and internal state parameters of structural cracks with the relevant data measured last time, and if the length, width, and internal state parameter values show an expanding trend, calculate its development in the coordinate system trend.
进一步，针对所测得的相关参数信息，还可实现自动报警，所述计算机连接有报警装置，在步骤2)中，通过相关基础信息判断待监测结构是否存在裂缝可能，如果存在则通过报警装置发出报警信号，如果不存在裂缝可能，记录下相关基础信息和检测时间后，进入下一个检测周期；Further, for the measured relevant parameter information, an automatic alarm can also be realized. The computer is connected with an alarm device. In step 2), it is judged through the relevant basic information whether there is a possibility of cracks in the structure to be monitored. If there is, the alarm device Send an alarm signal, if there is no possibility of cracks, record the relevant basic information and detection time, and then enter the next detection cycle;
在步骤5)中，计算机内部存储有状态阈值，所述状态阈值至少包括长度阈值和宽度阈值，将裂缝表面裂缝信息与状态阈值进行比较，如果裂缝信息超过状态阈值则通过报警装置发出报警信号。In step 5), the computer internally stores a state threshold, which at least includes a length threshold and a width threshold, compares the crack surface crack information with the state threshold, and sends an alarm signal through the alarm device if the crack information exceeds the state threshold.
进一步，所述检测信号的信号源取自压电传感器元件发出的压电信号或外部信号发生设备输入的外部信号，当信号取自压电传感器时，只需要将机敏线内部所包括的除压电导线以外的全部或部分导线与压电传感器相连接即可，这种连接的好处在于不需要添加额外的信号发生设备，减少了设备投资；如果选择外部信号发生设备，则只需将信号输入总线与外部信号发生设备的信号输出端相连接皆可，这种连接的好处在于用于断裂检测的信号源较为稳定。Further, the signal source of the detection signal is obtained from the piezoelectric signal sent by the piezoelectric sensor element or the external signal input by the external signal generating device. When the signal is obtained from the piezoelectric sensor, it is only necessary to depressurize All or part of the wires other than the electrical wires can be connected to the piezoelectric sensor. The advantage of this connection is that no additional signal generating equipment is required, which reduces equipment investment; if you choose an external signal generating device, you only need to input the signal The bus can be connected to the signal output terminal of the external signal generating device. The advantage of this connection is that the signal source used for fracture detection is relatively stable.
本发明的目的之三是提供了一种压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统的安装方法，包括以下步骤：The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for installing a crack monitoring system for a piezoelectric array fusion alert network structure, including the following steps:
1)将由机敏线组成仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件通过压敏胶粘贴在基体膜上，所述基体膜采用不粘环氧树脂的膜体；1) The bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element composed of smart lines are pasted on the base film through pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the base film adopts a film body of non-stick epoxy resin;
2)通过用丙酮稀释的环氧树脂胶，使粘贴有仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件的基体膜表面紧贴粘连在打磨平整的待监测结构的表面；2) The surface of the matrix film pasted with the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element is closely adhered to the polished surface of the structure to be monitored through the epoxy resin glue diluted with acetone;
3)待压敏胶被丙酮溶解，所述仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件与待监测结构的表面牢固粘接，去掉基体膜。3) After the pressure-sensitive adhesive is dissolved by acetone, the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element are firmly bonded to the surface of the structure to be monitored, and the matrix film is removed.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统在由多条相互绝缘的机敏线交叉组成的仿生监测单元的基础上，增加了压电传感元件组成的压电阵列，不但能够通过机敏线监测出结构表面裂缝的准确判断，而且能够通过压电元件的压电信号判断出结构内部应力场量，由此得到裂缝出现前潜在承载能力、危险状态预判断及裂缝出现后其深度和结构应力释放等状态的分析结果；同时本发明中的压电传感元件既可以作为结构应力和应变的传感元件，也可以作为机敏网的信号源，从而避免了传统方法由于需要将信号输入每根传感线导致的接入和输出线路众多、制作工艺比较复杂的缺陷；本发明能够实现对工程结构的全方位的、立体的损伤检测，是使用可靠、效率高、成本低、结果准确的监测系统。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the piezoelectric array fusion alert network structure crack monitoring system of the present invention is based on the bionic monitoring unit composed of a plurality of mutually insulated alert lines crossing, and the piezoelectric sensor composed of piezoelectric sensing elements is added. The array can not only accurately judge the cracks on the surface of the structure through the smart line monitoring, but also judge the internal stress field of the structure through the piezoelectric signal of the piezoelectric element, thereby obtaining the potential bearing capacity before the crack appears, the pre-judgment of the dangerous state and the The analysis results of its depth and structural stress release after emergence; meanwhile, the piezoelectric sensing element in the present invention can be used as a sensing element of structural stress and strain, and can also be used as a signal source of a smart network, thereby avoiding the traditional method Due to the need to input signals into each sensing line, there are many access and output lines and the defects of relatively complicated manufacturing process; the present invention can realize all-round and three-dimensional damage detection of engineering structures, and is reliable, efficient, and A monitoring system with low cost and accurate results.
本发明的其他优点、目标，和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书和权利要求书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be set forth in the ensuing description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below, or can be Learn from the practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the following description and claims.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为本发明结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为图1在A处的放大示意图；Fig. 2 is the enlarged schematic diagram at A place of Fig. 1;
图3为压电传感元件的电信号连接回路示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical signal connection circuit of a piezoelectric sensing element;
图4为本发明的监测方法流程示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the monitoring method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将参照附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
1-机敏线；2-信号处理装置；3-压电传感器元件；4-压电导线；5-信号输入总线；6-信号输出总线；7-上位处理机；8-总线保护装置。1-smart line; 2-signal processing device; 3-piezoelectric sensor element; 4-piezoelectric wire; 5-signal input bus; 6-signal output bus; 7-upper processor; 8-bus protection device.
如图1所示，本发明的压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统包括由多条相互绝缘的机敏线1交叉组成的仿生监测单元，仿生监测单元紧密粘贴于待监测结构上构成平面坐标系的机敏神经网络，还包括信号处理装置2，机敏线1接入信号处理装置2的多路选择单元形成回路；每条机敏线1上连接有一个压电传感器元件3，所有压电传感器元件3组成紧密布置于待监测结构上的压电传感阵列，本实施例中，压电传感器元件3的布置根据待监测结构的具体情况来进行设计，一般设置在待监测结构承受应力较大，容易发生形变和裂缝的区域。As shown in Figure 1, the crack monitoring system of the piezoelectric array fusion smart network structure of the present invention includes a bionic monitoring unit composed of a plurality of mutually insulated smart lines 1 intersecting, and the bionic monitoring unit is closely pasted on the structure to be monitored to form a plane coordinate system The smart neural network also includes a signal processing device 2, and the smart line 1 is connected to the multiplex unit of the signal processing device 2 to form a loop; each smart line 1 is connected with a
如图2所示，机敏线1由四根直径不同且表面绝缘的导线组成，其中，导线a、b、c在一般情况下，能够因为裂缝的张拉作用而产生断裂，根据断裂导线的直径与裂缝宽度的对应关系，可以测出裂缝的宽度，即导线a、b、c在裂缝出现前，只是作为检测信号的传输导线，而在裂缝出现后，断裂的导线a、b或c可以揭示裂缝发生、发展、位置、长度、宽度、形状等表面裂缝信息；而压电导线4是作为专用的压电信号传输导线使用，其强度和韧性均大大优于导线a、b、c，能够保证在监测过程中，压电信号的采集不会中断；本实施例中，检测信号的信号源直接取压电传感器元件3，在同一机敏线1中的全部导线与压电传感器元件3均连接，导线的一端聚集形成信号输入总线5，另一端聚集形成信号输出总线6，信号输入总线5与信号输出总线6分别连接于信号处理装置2的与之对应的多路选择单元。As shown in Figure 2, the smart wire 1 is composed of four wires with different diameters and insulated surfaces. In general, the wires a, b, and c can be broken due to the tension of the crack. According to the diameter of the broken wire The corresponding relationship with the width of the crack can measure the width of the crack, that is, the wire a, b, and c are only used as transmission wires for detection signals before the crack appears, and after the crack appears, the broken wire a, b, or c can reveal Surface crack information such as crack occurrence, development, location, length, width, shape, etc.; and
信号输入总线5和信号输出总线6设置在总线保护装置8内部实现相对密封，总线保护装置8可以设计成罩状或条状，用以保护总线与外界环境不接触，且将总线与混凝土结构隔离，保证裂缝出现后总线不会被绷断。The signal input bus 5 and the signal output bus 6 are arranged inside the bus protection device 8 to achieve relative sealing. The bus protection device 8 can be designed as a cover or strip to protect the bus from contact with the external environment and to isolate the bus from the concrete structure , to ensure that the bus will not be broken after cracks appear.
信号处理装置2的信号输出端与上位处理机7的通信端口相联，机敏线断裂的信息和压电元器件产生电信号的变化被信号处理装置2监测到后，通过系统总线将信息送入远端的上位处理机7，利用相应软件可以在电脑屏幕上直观地虚拟出结构表面裂缝情况以及反演出的结构内部裂缝状况。The signal output terminal of the signal processing device 2 is connected with the communication port of the upper processor 7, and the information on the breakage of the sensitive wire and the change of the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric element is monitored by the signal processing device 2, and the information is sent to the computer via the system bus. The upper processor 7 at the remote end can intuitively virtualize the cracks on the surface of the structure and the reversed internal cracks on the computer screen by using corresponding software.
图3所示为本发明的压电传感器元件的信号连接回路，压电传感器元件在受到结构应力作用时其会产生电信号，因此压电传感器元件既可以作为结构应力和应变的传感元件，也可以作为机敏网的信号源。多个压电传感器元件构成的压电阵列可以实现对结构区域应力场的传感。Fig. 3 shows the signal connection circuit of the piezoelectric sensor element of the present invention, and the piezoelectric sensor element can generate an electric signal when subjected to structural stress, so the piezoelectric sensor element can be used as a sensing element of structural stress and strain, It can also be used as a signal source for smart networks. The piezoelectric array composed of multiple piezoelectric sensor elements can realize the sensing of the stress field in the structural region.
如图4所示，本发明提出的压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统的监测方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 4, the monitoring method of the piezoelectric array fusion smart network structural crack monitoring system proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:
1)在计算机中根据仿生监测单元和压电阵列建立相应的网络坐标系；1) Establish a corresponding network coordinate system in the computer according to the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric array;
2)通过计算机的信号处理装置检测、接收和处理由各个压电传感器元件发出的压电信号以及经机敏线传输进来的检测信号，判断所有机敏线是否导通，如果存在断线，进入步骤3)；如果导通正常，则将接受的各压电信号与正常值进行比较，判断是否存在变化，如果变化程度在正常范围内，则返回检测的初始状态；如果变化程度不在正常范围内，通过压电阵列测量的表面应力场数据和计算机自带数据库及相应数据分析算法，通过反演得到相关基础信息，所述基础信息至少包括结构内部应力场和结构承载能力数据；记录下相关基础信息和检测时间后，进入下一个检测周期；2) Detect, receive and process the piezoelectric signal sent by each piezoelectric sensor element and the detection signal transmitted through the smart line through the signal processing device of the computer, and judge whether all the smart lines are connected. If there is a disconnection, go to step 3 ); if the conduction is normal, compare the received piezoelectric signals with the normal value to determine whether there is a change, if the change is within the normal range, return to the initial state of detection; if the change is not within the normal range, pass The surface stress field data measured by the piezoelectric array and the computer’s own database and corresponding data analysis algorithms are used to obtain relevant basic information through inversion. The basic information includes at least the internal stress field and structural bearing capacity data of the structure; record the relevant basic information and After the detection time, enter the next detection cycle;
3)通过网络坐标系记录断线的网络坐标位置和断线时间；计算机通过断裂的机敏线得到结构裂缝的表面状态信息，根据结构裂缝的表面状态信息，在坐标系中计算出裂缝的位置和形状，并结合由压电阵列测量的表面应力场数据和计算机自带数据库及相应数据分析算法，测算出结构内部应力场，再在已知结构裂缝的表面状态信息和内部应力场的情况下计算出结构裂缝的内部状态参数，所述结构裂缝的内部状态参数至少包括裂缝的深度和延伸面积；3) Record the network coordinate position and disconnection time of the broken line through the network coordinate system; the computer obtains the surface state information of the structural crack through the broken smart line, and calculates the position and time of the crack in the coordinate system according to the surface state information of the structural crack. combined with the surface stress field data measured by the piezoelectric array and the computer’s own database and corresponding data analysis algorithms to measure and calculate the internal stress field of the structure, and then calculate it under the condition of known surface state information and internal stress field of structural cracks The internal state parameters of the structural cracks, the internal state parameters of the structural cracks at least include the depth and extension area of the cracks;
4)根据断裂的机敏线的直径和裂缝宽度的对应关系，得到裂缝的宽度信息，并将裂缝信息存储进计算机；根据新增的断裂机敏线的位置和数量，计算已有裂缝的发展状况和新增裂缝的发生状况；4) According to the corresponding relationship between the diameter of the fractured smart line and the width of the crack, the width information of the crack is obtained, and the crack information is stored in the computer; according to the position and quantity of the newly added fractured smart line, the development status and The occurrence of new cracks;
5)将测得的裂缝宽度、长度和结构裂缝的内部状态参数与前次测得的相关数据进行比较，如果长度和宽度值扩大，则在坐标系中计算出其发展趋势。5) Compare the measured crack width, length, and internal state parameters of structural cracks with the relevant data measured last time. If the length and width values expand, calculate their development trend in the coordinate system.
本发明的监测方法针对所测得的相关参数信息，还可实现自动报警，计算机连接有报警装置，在步骤2)中，通过相关基础信息判断待监测结构是否存在裂缝可能，如果存在则通过报警装置发出报警信号，如果不存在裂缝可能，记录下相关基础信息和检测时间后，进入下一个检测周期；The monitoring method of the present invention can also realize automatic alarm for the measured relevant parameter information, and the computer is connected with an alarm device. In step 2), it is judged by the relevant basic information whether there is a crack in the structure to be monitored, and if there is, the alarm is passed. The device sends out an alarm signal. If there is no possibility of cracks, record the relevant basic information and detection time, and then enter the next detection cycle;
在步骤5)中，计算机内部存储有状态阈值，所述状态阈值至少包括长度阈值和宽度阈值，将裂缝表面裂缝信息与状态阈值进行比较，如果裂缝信息超过状态阈值则通过报警装置发出报警信号。In step 5), the computer internally stores a state threshold, which at least includes a length threshold and a width threshold, compares the crack surface crack information with the state threshold, and sends an alarm signal through the alarm device if the crack information exceeds the state threshold.
本发明的压电阵列融合机敏网结构裂缝监测系统的安装方法，包括以下步骤：The installation method of the crack monitoring system of the piezoelectric array fusion alert network structure of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)将由机敏线组成仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件通过压敏胶粘贴在基体膜上，本实施例中，基体膜采用不粘环氧树脂的塑料膜体；1) The bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element composed of smart lines are pasted on the base film through pressure-sensitive adhesive. In this embodiment, the base film adopts a plastic film body of non-stick epoxy resin;
2)通过用丙酮稀释的环氧树脂胶，使粘贴有仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件的基体膜表面紧贴粘连在打磨平整的待监测结构的表面；2) The surface of the matrix film pasted with the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element is closely adhered to the polished surface of the structure to be monitored through the epoxy resin glue diluted with acetone;
3)待压敏胶被丙酮溶解，所述仿生监测单元和压电传感器元件与待监测结构的表面牢固粘接，去掉基体膜。3) After the pressure-sensitive adhesive is dissolved by acetone, the bionic monitoring unit and the piezoelectric sensor element are firmly bonded to the surface of the structure to be monitored, and the base film is removed.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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