CN101543489B - 作为肝x受体调节剂的化合物 - Google Patents
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- CN101543489B CN101543489B CN 200810102538 CN200810102538A CN101543489B CN 101543489 B CN101543489 B CN 101543489B CN 200810102538 CN200810102538 CN 200810102538 CN 200810102538 A CN200810102538 A CN 200810102538A CN 101543489 B CN101543489 B CN 101543489B
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Images
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一类作为肝X受体调节剂的化合物,具体而言,涉及一类白藜芦醇四聚体化合物,这类化合物能用于制备治疗或预防与肝X受体(LXR)活性相关的疾病或病症的药物,包括预防和治疗神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症或肥胖症。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一类白藜芦醇四聚体化合物在制备治疗或预防与肝X受体(LXR)活性相关的疾病或病症的药物中的应用,包括预防和治疗神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症或肥胖症。
背景技术
肝X受体(Liver X receptor,LXR)是属于核受体超家族的转录因子,LXR受体通过连接到维甲X受体(RXR)上形成异源二聚体,该异源二聚体以特定方式与引起靶基因转录活化的DNA应答元件(LXRE)结合(Genes dev.1995;9:1033-45)。可以利用LXR和(或)RXR配体激活所述LXR/RXR二聚体。同时靶基因的转录活化要求补充如SRC-1等共激活子(Nature 1996,383:728-31)。
该受体涉及许多代谢途径,特别是涉及胆固醇、胆汁酸、甘油三酯和葡萄糖的体内平衡。(World Chin J Digestol 2005,28:13(16))
目前已确认两种类型的LXR受体(即LXRα和LXRβ),LXRβ在体内普遍表达,LXRα在肝内表达并且在肾脏、肠道、脂肪组织和脾脏以较小程度表达(Gene 2000,243:93-103,N.Y.Acad.Sci.1995,761:38-49)。
虽然胆固醇不直接激活LXR,但其单氧衍生物(氧化固醇)如22-(R)-羟基-胆固醇,24-(S)-羟基胆固醇和24(S),25-环氧胆固醇。这些氧化固醇为LXR在生理性配体(Nature 1996,383:728-31,J.Biol.Chem.1997:272:3137-40)
在肝脏中,LXR高表达和其内源性配体的识别已经表明其在胆固醇代谢中必不可少的作用。在生理条件下,胆固醇的体内平衡可通过从头合成和分解代谢通道的调节来维持。经由包括LXR调控靶基因SREBP-1和SREBP-2等转录因子的反馈机制,固醇类在肝脏中的积聚可导致对胆固醇生物合成的抑制(Cell 1997,89:331-340)。LXR通过在肝脏中上调胆汁酸合成途径中限速酶-胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A)促进从胆固醇到7α-羟基-胆固醇的转化(J.Biol.Chem.1997,272:3137-3140)。通过使用LXRα缺乏性小鼠,已经证明LXR涉及胆汁酸合成,并且因此涉及对胆固醇体内平衡的调节,所述小鼠被饲喂富含脂肪的饮食时,在肝水平上积聚大量的胆固醇酯(Cell 1998,93:693-704)
LXR可结合于ATP结合盒蛋白-1(ABCA1)启动子并且增加基因表达以产生ABCA1蛋白,ABCA1作为一种膜结合转运蛋白,其参与调节胆固醇从肝外细胞外流至新生高密度脂蛋白(HDL)颗粒上,涉及对额外的胆固醇从外周组织向肝脏输出的胆固醇逆向转运的控制。胆固醇可由pre-bHDL(高密度脂蛋白前体)经apoAI(载脂蛋白)和ABCA1进行吸附,从而被转运到肝脏,在肝脏中胆固醇被分解代谢为胆汁酸后被排泄。ABCA1基因突变,导致低水平的HDL并且伴随心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死和缺血性发作的危险增加(Nat.Genet.1999;22:336-345,)。LXR的激动剂已经显示增加ABCA1基因表达,由此增加HDL胆固醇,因而同时减少胆固醇的净吸收并且降低心血管疾病的风险。人的巨噬细胞对胆固醇的负载和LXR受体的激活,诱导了ABCA1的表达和胆固醇的流出(Biochem.Biophys.Comm.1999,257:29-33),随后也证实LXR通过形成RXR/LXR异源二聚体还可以调节ABCG1、ABCG5和ABCG8等ABC转运体家族成员在肠道水平上的表达,促进胆固醇流入肠腔而抑制胆固醇的吸收,从而降低血中胆固醇的含量。(J.Biol.Chem.2000,275:14700-14707,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.2000;97:817-822,J.Biol.Chem.2002,277:18793-18800,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA2002,99:16237-16242,Molecular Endocrinology 17(6):985-993)
LXR受体也涉及对载脂蛋白E(ApoE)表达的调节。该蛋白质与脂蛋白的肝清除率有很强相关性并且促进胆固醇从富含脂质的巨噬细胞中流出。已经证实通过位于ApoE启动子序列中的LXR应答元件(LXRE),LXR受体的活化可导致ApoE表达的增加(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci,USA2001,98:507-512),还证实LXR配体在两种不同的鼠科模型(ApoE-/-小鼠和LDLR-/-小鼠)中可减少动脉粥样硬化的损伤。(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA2002,99:7604-7609,FEBS Letters 2003,536:6-11),这些结果表明LXR配体和激动剂可以构成动脉粥样硬化(AS)的治疗剂。
胆固醇体内平衡在中枢神经系统和神经变性机制中同样起到关键作用,所以已经在从鼠胚胎中分离出的原代神经元、星型胶质细胞和小胶质细胞培养物中对所述ABCA1的表达进行了研究。并且已经证实ApoE在脑中的星型胶质细胞中丰富表达,LXR的小分子配体可显著增加人星型胶质细胞系(CCF-STGG1)中ApoE的表达,在原代培养的星型胶质细胞上LXR激动剂同样可以诱导ApoE的表达及分泌。LXR的小分子激动剂T0901317可增量调节体内海马区和大脑皮质中ApoE的表达。因为ApoE在脂蛋白清除和胆固醇重新分布中起重要作用,而且LXR激动剂可同时调节ABCA1的表达,可参与脑中胆固醇的外排,因此可改善与胆固醇体内平衡相关的中枢神经系统和神经变性疾病,诸如阿尔茨海默病。研究结果证实LXR活化可引起β淀粉样蛋白产生和分泌的减少,因而可引起脑中淀粉状沉淀的减少(Journal of Neurochemistry,2004,88(3,):623-634。J.Biol.Chem.2003,275(15)/;13244-13256 J.Biol.Chem.2003,278(30):27688-27694,J.Biol.Chem.2005,280(6):4079-4088)。
LXR受体涉及炎症过程也是公知的(Nature Medecine 2003,9:213-219,J CliInvest,2006,116(3):607-614)。巨噬细胞在炎症特别是动脉粥样硬化的发病机制中起到重要作用。已经证实,所述LXR的活化可抑制涉及炎症的基因在巨噬细胞水平上的表达。在体外,抑制了诸如一氧化氮合酶、环加氧酶-2(COX-2)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等介质的表达,在体内,LXR激动剂还减轻了Dermatite模型中的炎症并抑制了涉及动脉粥样硬化小鼠主动脉炎症相关基因的表达。已经证实,LXR激动剂还可以抑制鼠脑中星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞中炎症相关基因的表达(Journal of Neuroimmunology 2007,183:50-59)
通过对CETP(胆固醇酯转运蛋白)表达的调节,LXR受体的活化作用也促进胆固醇的逆转运,所述CETP涉及酯化的胆固醇从HDL脂蛋白到通过肝排泄的富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白的转移(J.Clin.Invest.2000,513-520)。
此外,还已经证实LXR在糖代谢过程中具有重要作用,可抑制糖异生关键酶的表达,抑制肝糖异生,限制肝糖原输出,提高肝糖利用率,。同时可促进葡萄糖转运子4(glut4)的基因转录,提高外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取。引起血糖水平和肝葡萄糖生成的降低。(Diabetes 2004,53,suppl 1,S36-S42)此外,LXRs还通过调节胰岛素的合成和分泌、炎症因子的表达及糖皮质激素活性等方面影响糖尿病的发生、发展(Intern J Endocrinol Metab,2006,26(1):43-53)。如使用LXR激动剂对糖尿病啮齿动物治疗可引起血糖大幅度降低,特别是在胰岛素抗性Zuker.大鼠(fa/fa)中,LXR活化抑制了与糖原异生相关的基因。(J.Biol.Chem.2003,278(2):1131-1136)。
特别是基于以下文献,本发明的化合物是现有技术公知的,
1)式(I)化合物:为白藜芦醇四聚体化合物Hopeaphenol
2)式(II-III)化合物为白藜芦醇四聚体化合物7’”-8’”-二脱氢山葡萄素A(7-8’”-didehydro-vitisinA)和山葡萄素A(vitisinA)
式(I) 式(II) 式(III)
所述文献有:WO 03/090869、WO 03/082192、WO 03/082802、WO 05/077122或WO 05/121093。式(I)所述化合物抗肿瘤作用和式(I-III)化合物抗炎作用是现有技术公知的。(Phytochemistry 58(2001)357-362,Journal ofExperimental Therapeutics and Oncology 3:283-288,2003),但其LXR调节作用未见报道。
在此背景下,寻找可以用于以下特定病理的治疗的LXR受体活性调节剂化合物具有重要的意义。用于治疗LXR活性相关的如心血管疾病、高胆固醇血症、血脂异常、心肌梗塞、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、肥胖和神经退行性疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供新的能够调节LXR活性的化合物,为白藜芦醇四聚体化合物Hopeaphenol如式(I)所示、白藜芦醇四聚体化合物7’”-8’”-二脱氢山葡萄素A(7-8’”-didehydro-vitisinA)如式(II)所示和山葡萄素A(vitisinA)如式(III)所示
式(I) 式(II) 式(III)
式(I-III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐中至少一种与另一种治疗上相关活性剂,如抗糖尿病和抗高胆固醇血症活性剂的组合在制备用于治疗动物疾病中的药物中的用途。
因此,本发明所述活性物质用于制备以治疗为目的的医药产品,所述治疗用途特别是用于高胆固醇血症、血脂异常、糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病的治疗,这些疾病是胆固醇代谢和血清脂蛋白失调的结果。本发明化合物也可作为活性物质在以预防或治疗以下疾病为目的的医药产品中使用,所述疾病为动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞、诸如皮炎等特定炎症和诸如阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病。
具体而言,本发明的化合物调节LXR的活性并且因此可用于治疗其中LXR对所述疾病的病理学和/或症状学有作用的疾病或病症。本发明进一步提供了本发明化合物在制备用于治疗其中LXR对所述疾病的病理学和/或症状学有作用的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。LXR介导的疾病或病患包括:炎症、心血管疾病,包括动脉粥样硬化、高胆固醇血症、高脂血症和葡萄糖内环境稳定障碍,包括胰岛素抵抗、II型糖尿病和肥胖。
脂蛋白代谢是一种组成如下的动态过程:从肝中产生富含甘油三酯和胆固醇的颗粒作为极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),再由肝修饰这些血浆内的脂蛋白颗粒(VLDL至中间密度(IDL)至低密度(LDL))以及从血浆中清除所述颗粒。该过程提供了将甘油三酯类和游离胆固醇转运至体细胞。胆固醇逆向转运,及前述的LXR起作用的机制,如上调ABCA1和ApoE的表达,结合apoAI,通过该机制过量的胆固醇被从肝组织外返回到肝中。该过程通过高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇进行。脂蛋白(VLDL、HDL)从肝中产生,血浆内颗粒(所有的)的修饰和随后清除返回到肝的组合是保持血浆中胆固醇稳态浓度的原因。本发明的化合物通过增加胆固醇自外周细胞的外流而增加胆固醇的逆向转运。众多研究结果表明LXR激动剂通过上调ABCA1和ApoE的表达,结合apoAI胆固醇逆向转运的机制,抑制氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的巨噬细胞泡沫化,抑制动脉粥样硬化早期病灶的形成、实现消退和逆转。(Prog.Biochem.Biophys.2003;30(6):940-944)。本发明包括本发明化合物在制备用于增加胆固醇逆向转运药物中的用途。另外本发明提供了用于抑制胆固醇吸收的化合物和本发明化合物在用于抑制净胆固醇吸收中的用途和抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化的用途。
本发明化合物还可以用于预防或治疗炎症和神经退行性疾病或神经变性疾病。因此,本发明还提供了预防或治疗炎症的方法和预防或治疗神经退行性疾病或神经变性疾病的方法,特别是以CNS中的神经元变性、神经元损伤或可塑性受损或炎症为特征的神经变性疾病或病症。特征在于脑中神经元变性、炎症、胆固醇和脂质异常且因此得益于神经元生长和/或修复的特定疾病或病患包括中风、阿尔茨海默病、额颞性痴呆(tauopathy)、外周神经病、帕金森病、带有卢伊体(Lewybodies)的痴呆、肌萎缩性侧索硬化和多发性硬化和尼-皮病。此外,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗或预防各种具有炎性成分的疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、银屑病、哮喘等。
前述LXR激动剂改善葡萄糖耐量并且增强glut4表达(US60/436,112;US10/745,334),并可协调存在于肝和脂肪组织中葡萄糖代谢所涉及基因的协同调节。在肝中,LXR激动剂抑制对肝糖原异生而言起重要作用的几种基因的表达,例如过氧化物酶体增殖物受体共活化剂1α(PGC-1α),烯醇丙酮酸磷酸羧基酶(PEPCK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的表达,诱导肝葡糖激酶的表达,促进肝葡萄糖的利用。还发现脂肪组织中LXR激动剂增量调节glut4 mRNA水平并且在体外3T3-L1脂肪组织细胞中的葡萄糖摄取被增强。
基于以上发现,本发明提供了增强受试者细胞中glut4表达的方法,可通过对所述受试者给予本发明的化合物来进行。本发明还提供了治疗糖尿病和相关病症如肥胖或高血糖的方法,通过对受试者给予有效量的本发明化合物以改善所述疾病的症状来进行。例如,II型糖尿病适合用本发明的方法来治疗。因为LXR激动剂可增强细胞对胰岛素和葡萄糖摄取的敏感性,施用本发明的化合物还可以治疗其他特征在于胰岛素机能障碍(例如抵抗、失活或缺乏)和/或葡萄糖转入细胞不足的疾病。
在胰腺中,LXR活化通过调节胰腺β细胞中葡萄糖和脂质的代谢刺激胰岛素分泌,从而提示了LXR抗糖尿病作用的另一种机制。LXR调节剂由此还可以通过增加胰岛素从胰腺中分泌而调节葡萄糖耐量。
按照上述描述,本发明进一步提供了在需要这类治疗的受试者预防或治疗上述任意疾病或病症的方法。该方法包括对所述受试者给予治疗有效量的(参见下文中的“给药和药物组合物”部分)本发明的式(I-III)化合物中的至少一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物。对任意上述用途而言,所需的剂量随给药方式、所治疗的特定疾病和所需作用而异。
给药和药物组合物
一般而言,本发明化合物以治疗有效量、经由本领域中已知的任意常用和可接受的方式单独或与一种或多种治疗剂组合给予。治疗有效量可以随疾病的严重程度、受试者年龄和相对健康情况、所用化合物的功效和其他因素而宽泛变化。一般而言,在约0.03-2.5mg/kg体重的每日剂量下获得令人满意的全身效果。在较大哺乳动物例如人中的适用每日剂量在约0.5mg-100mg范围内。
本发明的化合物可以通过任意常规的途径作为药物组合物给药,特别是通过胃肠,例如口服,例如为片剂或胶囊形式;或通过胃肠外,例如为可注射溶液或混悬液形式;局部,例如为洗剂,凝胶、软膏剂或霜剂或以鼻用或栓剂形式。包括游离形式或药学上可接受的盐形式的本发明化合物与至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂的药物组合物可以通过常规方式,经混合、制粒或包衣方法制备。例如,口服组合物可以为片剂或胶囊,它们包含活性组分以及:1)稀释剂,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、肝糖露醇、山梨醇、纤维素和/或甘氨酸;2)润滑剂,例如二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、其镁或钙盐和/或聚乙二醇;就片剂而言还包括3)粘合剂,例如硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;如需要,还有4)崩解剂,例如淀粉、琼脂、藻酸或其钠盐或泡腾混合物;和/或5)吸收剂、着色剂、矫味剂和增甜剂,可注射组合物可以为水性等渗溶液或混悬液,且栓剂可以由脂肪乳剂或混悬液制备。这些组合物可以为无菌的和/或含有佐剂,如防腐剂、稳定剂、湿润剂、或乳化剂、溶解促进剂、用于调节渗透压的盐和/或缓冲剂。此外,它们还含有其它治疗上有价值的物质。用于透皮应用的合适的制剂包括有效量的本发明化合物与载体,载体可以包括可吸收的药学上可接受的溶剂以帮助宿主皮肤,例如,透皮装置为绷带形式,包括裱褙部件(backing member),含有可选的混有载体的化合物的储器、可选的速率控制屏障以再延长时间期限内以受控和预定速率将化合物递送至宿主皮肤和使装置与皮肤固定的用具。还可以使用基质透皮制剂。用于局部,例如施用在皮肤和眼部的合适的制剂优选为本领域众所周知的水溶剂、软膏剂、霜剂或凝胶。这类制剂可以含有增溶剂、稳定剂、张力增强剂、缓冲剂和防腐剂。
本发明的化合物可以以治疗有效量与一种或多种治疗即共同给药(药物组合)。例如根据有待治疗的病理,结合使用其它用于治疗心血管、糖尿病、炎症和/或神经变性疾病的物质可以发生协同作用。这类化合物的实例包括治疗药物如二甲双胍、磺酰脲类、阿卡波糖、过氧化物酶增殖物受体PPARγ活化剂、胰岛素、贝特类(fibrates)、他丁类(statins)或其它活性物质类胰高血糖素(GLP-1),二肽酶IV(DPP-IV)、PPARα/γ,PPARδ/γ,PPARδ和pan PPAR抑制剂、11β羟基甾类脱氢酶(11β-HSD)抑制剂、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP-1B)抑制剂、大麻类受体(CB1)拮抗剂、胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂、丙酮酸酯脱氢酶激酶(PDK)抑制剂、肝葡萄糖激酶活化剂等。如果将本发明的化合物与其他疗法共同给予,那么共同给予的化合物的剂量当然随共同使用的药物的类型,所用的具体药物、所治疗的疾病等而异。
本发明还提供了药物组合,例如药盒,包括1)为本文所述的本发明化合物的第一种活性剂,它为游离形式或药学上可接受的盐形式;2)至少一种共同使用的活性剂(co-agent)。该药盒包括其给药说明书。
本文所用的术语“共同给药”或“联合给药”指的是包括对单一患者给予所选择的治疗剂并且用以包括其中活性剂不一定通过相同给药途径或同时给予的治疗方案。
本文所述的术语“药物组合”指的是混合或合并一种以上活性组分而产生并且包括固定和非固定活性组分组合的医药产品。术语“固定组合”指的是以单一实体或剂量同时对患者给予活性成分,如式I-III中的化合物和共同使用的活性剂。术语“非固定组合”指的是活性成分、例如式I-III化合物和共同使用的活性剂作为单独实体的同时,伴随或没有具体时间显示依次对患者给予,其中这类给药在患者体内提供了有效水平的2种化合物,后者还可应用于鸡尾酒疗法,例如给予3种或3种以上活性成分。
制备本发明化合物的方法
制备本发明式I-III化合物的方法及其理化性质参见以下文献中所述,其中式I化合物名称为Hopeaphenol;式II化合物名称为二脱氢山葡萄素A(7’-8’-didehydro-vitisinA);式III化合物名称为山葡萄素A(vitisinA)(Hopeaphenol文献:,J.C.S.,1965,406;Tet.Lett.,1965,2713,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1998,46,663-668.山葡萄素A文献:Phytochemistry.1996,42(4):1163-1165;J Agric Food Chem.2006,13;54(25):9559-64.;Phytochemistry.2000,53(8):1015-9;Acla PharmaeeutieaSiniea 2001,36(12):944-950.7’-8’-二脱氢-山葡萄素A文献:J.O.C1993,58:805;tetrohedron 1998,54:6651-6660;tetrohedron 1999,55:2529-2544)。
定义
就LXR受体而言的术语“调节”指的是激活LXR受体及其于LXR途径相关的生物活性(例如靶基因的转录调节)。LXR受体的调节可以为增量调节(即激动、活化或刺激)或减量调节(即拮抗、抑制或阻滞)。LXR调节剂的作用方式可以为直接的,例如作为配体通过与LXR受体结合。调节也可以为间接的,例如通过结合和/或修饰另一种分子,来结合和活化LXR受体。
“治疗”指的是减轻或缓解疾病和/或其伴随症状的方法。
附图说明
图1、不同孵育时间下阳性对照T0901317的EC50量效曲线
图2、不同浓度的SRC-1合成肽体系的T0901317的EC50量效曲线
图3、阳性对照药物和化合物Hopeaphenol的EC50曲线比较图
图4、巨噬细胞源性泡沫化细胞油红染色照片
200×和400×为放大倍数
图5、蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测样品对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1表达的影响。图5-1,2分别为样品处理12h,24h结果。control为空白(不加药)组,
T10uM为10uM阳性对照T0901317处理组,T10uM+ATRA为10uM阳性对照T0901317和10uM维甲酸X受体(RXR)激动剂全反式维甲酸(ATRA)共同处理组,H10uM+ATRA为Hopeaphenol 10uM和ATRA 10uM共同处理组,H30uM,H10uM,H3uM分别为Hopeaphenol30uM,10uM,3uM处理组。
具体实施方式
优选实施方案的描述
下文的实施例和实施方案详细描述了化合物的活性,通过下文实施例进一步说明本发明但不起限定作用,这些实施例和实施方案仅用于解释目的,本领域工作人员将可以想到依据其进行各种修改或改变,这些修改或改变也包括在本申请的实质和范围和所附权利要求范围内。本文引述的所有公开文献、专利和专利申请为所有目的引入本文作为参考。
实施例1、细胞转录活性试验测定
转录试验用于评价本发明化合物调节LXR转录活性的能力。简言之,通过瞬时转染将嵌合蛋白的表达载体与其中荧光素酶基因处于酵母的调节蛋白GAL4结合位点控制下的报告基因载体一起共转染导入哺乳动物细胞,所述嵌合蛋白含有与人LXRa或LXRβ的配体结合域(LBD)融合的Gal4的DNA结合域(DBD)。在LXR调节剂存在条件下,LXR转录活性改变,这可通过荧光素酶水平的改变进行监测。如果转染的细胞暴露于LXR激动剂,那么LXR-依赖性转录活性增加并且荧光素酶水平升高。
本实验开始前48小时,将HEK293细胞(1×107)接种于175cm2培养瓶中,培养基为10%FBS,1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM培养基。通过用PBS洗涤细胞,胰蛋白酶消化细胞,PBS细胞计数并将细胞浓度调节至100000个细胞/ml培养物。每500ul转染混合物使用Gal4-LBD表达质粒和Gal4 UAS-荧光素酶报告基因质粒比例为1∶10,Fugene试剂量∶质粒量为5∶2(ul∶ug)和无血清的培养基制备,并将该转染混合物在室温孵育30分钟。将细胞与转染混合物混合(10mL细胞培养物/500ul转染混合物)并且在室温下再温育30分钟,然后将细胞100ul/孔转入96孔细胞培养板,将细胞在37℃和5.0%CO2下继续温育24小时,对每种测试化合物(包括式I-III化合物和参考阳性对照化合物T0901317)制备在DMSO中的12-点倍比稀释液,其中化合物的起始浓度为5mM。将测试化合物(1ul)加入到细胞培养板的各细胞孔中,空白对照孔加入同体积DMSO,将细胞在37℃和5.0%CO2下再温育24小时,将细胞裂解液/荧光素酶试验缓冲液Bright-GloTM(25ul,Promega)加入到各孔中,室温温育5分钟,转入96孔白色实心底板测定荧光素酶活性,即发光光子数。
通过除以存在于每个平板上的DMSO的空白对照值,对原始发光值进行标化,得到诱导倍数值。使用Origin软件绘制S型单点剂量效应方程式,使用Sigmoidalfit拟合剂量效应曲线,将EC50定义为化合物引起最大值与最小值之间一半响应的浓度。通过将化合物引起的响应与阳性对照LXR激动剂T0901317获得的最大值相比,计算相对功效(或功效百分比)
参考阳性对照化合物T0901317(已知LXR激动剂,CAS RN:293754-55-9.FEBS Letters.2003,536:6-11)
根据该测定结果表明本发明所述化合物对LXR转录具有激活作用,具有增量调节LXR作用,Hopeaphenol,山葡萄素A,二脱氢-山葡萄素A分别为3.03uM,6.92uM和10.23uM.,阳性对照化合物为0.123uM,功效百分比分别为T0901317最大值的9%,7.2%,8.61%(活性均为5次以上活性结果的平均值。显示值为X±S.D.)
通过本发明化合物对LXR的生物特性的测定证明了它们在以治疗或预防由LXR受体功能紊乱导致的疾病为目的的医药产品中作为活性物质进行应用的潜在的重要性以及实用性,所述疾病特别是高胆固醇血症、血脂异常以及肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、特定的神经退行性疾病和炎症。
实施例2、LXR-FP(荧光极化)-激活物共募集实验
FP实验用于评价本发明化合物直接结合LXR配体结合结构域(LBD)并且促进强化LXR转录活性的蛋白质募集的能力(例如共激活物)。这种不含细胞的体外实验使用由LXR-LBD和纯化标记(如His-tag)组成重组融合蛋白,以及合成荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)标记的肽,该肽来源于共激活物蛋白如类固醇受体共激活物1(SRC-1)的核受体相互作用结合域。在LXR激动剂存在下,荧光标记共激活物肽被募集至LXR-LBD,从而低荧光极化值变成高荧光极化值,通过极化荧光值的大小变化给出共激活物肽募集的强度和由此结合LXR-LBD激动剂的强度的指征。
将融合蛋白即氨基酸序列162-447(GenBank accession NM_005693)为LXRα-LBD和LXRβ的氨基酸序列202-461(GenBank accession NM_007121)在大肠杆菌表达载体PET32a(Merck)中克隆和表达,并用His-tag抗体亲和柱纯化。FITC荧光标记肽,具有LLXXLL的特征,氨基酸序列为FITC-ILRKLLQE-OH。
FP方法参考文献(GENES & DEVELOPMENT2000,14:2831-2838)方法,最终FP反应体系为100ul体系:100nM FITC-标记肽,400nm histag-LXR和测定化合物1uL(起始浓度为10mM,用DMSO将测定化合物倍比稀释12个梯度),反应缓冲液组成为10mM Hepes,150mM NaCl,2mM MgCl2,5mM,DTT at pH 7.9,仍采用T0901317作为阳性对照,DMSO孔为空白对照。将每孔100ul反应混合物所在平板室温孵育2小时,读取FP值。
不同孵育时间下阳性对照T0901317的EC50量效曲线;不同浓度的SRC-1合成肽体系的T0901317的EC50量效曲线;阳性对照药物和化合物Hopeaphenol的EC50量效曲线比较图见附图1-3
以DMSO值作为背景值,使用Origin软件绘制S型单点剂量效应方程式,使用Sigmoidal fit拟合剂量相应曲线,将EC50定义为化合物引起最大值与最小值之间一半响应的浓度。通过将化合物引起的响应与阳性对照LXR激动剂T0901317获得的最大值相比,计算相对功效(或功效百分比)。
本发明所述化合物表现出有价值的药理学特性,如本申请中上述体外LXR-FP(荧光极化)-激活物共募集实验所证实,其对与LXRα直接结合和促进转录募集的EC50T0901317为0.289uM.Hopeaphenol为4.379uM,山葡萄素A为5.67uM,二脱氢-山葡萄素A为7.65uM。
实施例3、白黎芦醇低聚物抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化作用实验
对本发明所述化合物进行了巨噬细胞的泡沫化抑制作用研究。
将培养的巨噬细胞进行胰酶消化,并计数为细胞密度应约为3×105个/ml,按每孔1ml的量加到24孔培养板上。将细胞分为空白对照组、泡沫细胞组和加样组。空白对照组只加无血清培养液,泡沫细胞组另加ox-LDL至每孔终浓度为50μg/ml,加样组在泡沫组的基础上,再加入待测样品,混匀后放入37℃含5%CO,培养箱中培养48小时后进行可染中性脂质的油红0染色。
经过48小时与OX-LDL处理的巨噬细胞的孵育,结果如图1所示,没有加药物的OX-LDL模型组细胞,细胞形态不完整,呈泡沫化,有很多的油红染色的油滴,为典型巨噬细胞源性泡沫化细胞。经过化合物处理的细胞形态比较完整,相对对照细胞油红染色明显变浅。这说明化合物对巨噬细胞的泡沫化有抑制作用。符合LXR激动剂作用机制。实验结果见附图4。
实施例4白黎芦醇低聚物促巨噬细胞胆固醇外排实验
THP-1巨噬细胞用0.2mCi·L-1[3H]胆固醇和50mg/L ox-LDL及含有10%小牛血清RPMI1640培养液共同孵育48h之后,用PBS液洗涤细胞,再用含2g·L-1牛血清白蛋白RPMI1640培液培养细胞24h,并在培养液中加各种影响因素,对照组采用空白加入RPMI1640培养基。之后,再用PBS液洗涤细胞,在含10mg·L-1apoA-I无血清新培养液中培养细胞12h,闪烁计数法分别检测培养液和细胞中的[3H]胆固醇,胆固醇流出用培养液中CPM除以总CPM,再乘以100%来表示。通过检测对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞的影响,结果如表2,显示化合物通过激活LXR表现出对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞中由apoA-1介导的胆固醇流出呈浓度依赖性增加,符合LXR激动剂活性作用机制。结果如表1所示。
表2:
细胞处理 | 胆固醇外排 |
无ox-LDL | 8.993±2.460 |
无ApoAI | 9.824±0.350 |
空白+ox-LDL 50ug/ml+ApoAI | 10.021±0.764 |
T10uM | 23.069±4.504** |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-30uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 15.944±2.049** |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-10uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 14.085±0.518** |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-3uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 13.882±3.314 |
山葡萄素A+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 13.949±0.505** |
山葡萄素A+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 13.686±2.101* |
山葡萄素A+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 13.109±2.102 |
Hopeaphenol 30uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 16.788±0.950** |
Hopeaphenol 10uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 15.551±1.070** |
Hopeaphenol 1uM+ox-LDL 50ug/ml | 14.766±0.210** |
每个样品活性均为3次以上活性结果的平均值。显示值为X±S.D.T为阳性对照T0901317,oxLDL为氧化低密度脂蛋白
实施例5白黎芦醇低聚物对LXRa调控靶基因ABCA1和载脂蛋白ApoE的基因表达RT-PCR实验
THP-1巨噬细胞(1×107个细胞/瓶)在含有(或不含)50mg/L ox-LDL培养液中培养48h,然后用无血清培养液加药物培养细胞24h(或12h),对照组采用空白加入RPMI1640培养基,PBS液洗涤细胞,用10mg/L apoA-I继续培养细胞12h,收集各组细胞。按TRIzol试剂盒说明书提取总RNA。取各组细胞总RNA2μg逆转录合成cDNA,再取逆转录产物采用TakaraSYBR Premix Ex TaqTM实时定量PCR试剂盒,进行实时定量PCR,求取Ct值,计算表达相对变化量.结果显示药物均可增加ABCA1、ApoE的mRNA表达,且呈明显的剂量依赖性,符合LXR激动剂作用机制。
ABCA1扩增用引物采用GenebankNM_005502,正向引物ATTCGCTCTGAGATGAGCACCA;反向引物TTTCAAGCGGGCATAGAACCA,扩增产物长度114bp。
ApoE扩增用引物采用GenebankNM_000041,正向引物GCTGCGTTGCTGGTCACAT;反向引物TGCACCCAGCGCAGGTAAT,扩增产物长度为161bp
实验结果见表2。
表2:
检测基因(不同药物处理组) | Ct值(12h) | Ct值(24h) | 相对变化量(12h) | 相对变化量(24h) |
GAPDH 空白 | 15.58±0.04 | 15.20±0.25 | ||
GAPDH T10uM | 15.40±0.09 | 16.06±0.29 | ||
GAPDH T090131710uM+ATRA10uM | 15.13±0.23 | 16.16±1.07 | ||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 10uM+ATRA10uM | 15.92±0.35 | 15.33±0.23 | ||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 30uM | 15.68±0.44 | 15.37±0.03 | ||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 10uM | 16.20±0.01 | 15.48±0.17 | ||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 3uM | 15.39±0.30 | |||
ABCA1空白 | 22.05±0.28 | 22.76±0.11 | ||
ABCA1 T090131710uM | 20.31±0.08 | 22.35±0.26 | 3.19 | 2.41 |
ABCA1 T090131710uM+ATRA10uM | 19.49±0.41 | 21.94±0.08 | 4.64 | 3.43 |
ABCA1 Hopeaphenol 10uM+ATRA10uM | 19.32±0.33 | 19.81±0.50 | 9.06 | 8.46 |
ABCA1 Hopeaphenol 30uM | 19.29±0.43 | 21.05±0..33 | 7.83 | 3.69 |
ABCA1 Hopeaphenol 10uM | 20.17±0.07 | 21.26±0.03 | 6.10 | 3.42 |
ABCA1 Hopeaphenol 3uM | 20.40±0.15 | 2.95 | ||
GAPDH 空白 | 15.05±0.28 | |||
GAPDH T10uM | 15.11±0.35 | |||
GAPDH T10uM+ATRA10uM | 15.60±0.84 | |||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 10uM+ATRA10uM | 15.49±0.002 | |||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 30uM | 15.16±0.003 | |||
GAPDH Hopeaphenol 10uM | 15.11±0.347 | |||
ApoE 空白 | 22.26±0.27 | |||
ApoE T10uM | 20.61±0.50 | 5.389 | ||
ApoE T10uM+ATRA10uM | 20.01±0.27 | 7.062 | ||
ApoE Hopeaphenol 10uM+ATRA10uM | 20.13±0.34 | 5.12 | ||
ApoE Hopeaphenol 30uM | 20.35±0.50 | 4.76 | ||
ApoE Hopeaphenol 10uM | 20.36±0.47 | 3.91 |
每个样品活性均为4次以上活性结果的平均值。显示值为X±S.D.T为阳性对照T0901317,ATRA为RXR激动剂全反式维甲酸,GAPDH为内参基因对照
实施例6白黎芦醇低聚物对THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1蛋白表达蛋白印迹试验
巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞经药物处理后,提取细胞总蛋白质经Western blot(蛋白印迹)检测ABCA1蛋白表达。
在收获好的细胞中加入无酶消化液消化后,进行细胞裂解,于4℃离心10min,弃除沉淀,BCA法进行蛋白定量,取50μg蛋白加入4×SDS凝胶加样缓冲液中,在100℃加热10min以使蛋白质变性。用7%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行电泳分离,转PDVF膜,采用预染蛋白标准以确定蛋白位置。封闭液封闭4h,按1∶200加入羊抗人ABCA1一抗,4℃孵育过夜,TBST洗5次,1∶2000加入辣根过氧化物酶标记兔抗羊二抗,室温孵育1h,TBST洗5次,用Western blot印迹荧光检测ECL试剂盒检测,结果见附图2,经药物处理后ABCA1蛋白水平表达与空白对照组相比明显增加,12h和24h均呈很好剂量依赖关系,符合LXR激动剂的作用机制。
实施例7白黎芦醇低聚物抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)分泌
实施例应用TNFα和IL-1β实验研究其抗炎作用。该实验利用巨噬细胞在诱导剂刺激后可分泌大量炎性细胞因子,观察样品对TNFα和IL-1β分泌水平的影响。在24孔板反应体系中,含有约2.0×105/ml人单核细胞,刺激剂诱导分化48h,使成巨噬细胞,加入阳性对照药物T0901317和待测药物,同时设阴性对照孔,以RPMI1640培养液代替待测样品,预孵育30min,加入脂多糖LPS,37℃、5%CO2孵育24h,取上清100ul,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法进行检测。
ELISA法操作程序:
从试剂盒中取出板条,加入100μl不同浓度的标准品及待测样品,37℃孵育90min。洗板3次,加入生物素化抗体工作液,100μl/孔,37℃孵育60min。洗板3次,加入酶结合工作液,100μl/孔,37℃孵育60min。洗板3次,加入显色剂,100μl/孔,37℃避光孵育20min。加入终止液,100μl/孔,混匀后5min内测量OD450值。以标准品浓度为横坐标,以OD450值为纵坐标,绘制IL-1β浓度-OD450值标准曲线,然后根据所测得样品的OD450值从标准曲线上查出待测样品的浓度,并计算出样品相对于对照的比值。药物对巨噬细胞分泌的TNFα、IL-1β抑制作用结果见表3-5表明本发明的化合物成分具有抗炎作用,符合LXR调节机制作用特点。
表3白黎芦醇低聚物抑制LPS刺激24h的人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞THP-1 TNFα分泌实验结果
细胞不同药物处理 | TNFα分泌(相对于空白) |
空白 | 1 |
LPS 5ug/ml | 1.525±0.029** |
T10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.284±0.024## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.287±0.053## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.423±0.011## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/mL | 1.433±0.040# |
二脱氢山葡萄素-1uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.50±0.038 |
山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.269±0.021## |
山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.370±0.047## |
山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.472±0.049 |
山葡萄素A-1uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.517±0.047 |
Hopeaphenol 30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.262±0.020## |
Hopeaphenol 10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.289±0.025## |
Hopeaphenol 3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.368±0.026## |
Hopeaphenol 1uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.471±0.071 |
Data(mean±S.D.,n=3);**P<0.01vs.control,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.LPS treatmentonly.Student-Newman-Keuls test.T为阳性对照T0901317
表4LPS刺激鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 24h实验结果
细胞不同药物处理 | IL-1β分泌(相对于空白) |
空白 | 1 |
LPS 5ug/ml | 1.924±0.108** |
T10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.361±0.169## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.013±0.237## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.370±0.160## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/mL | 1.887±0.127 |
山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.183±0.136## |
山葡萄素A10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.462±0.098## |
山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.687±0.069# |
Hopeaphenol 30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.035±0.296## |
Hopeaphenol 10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.457±0.136## |
Hopeaphenol 3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.768±0.061 |
Data(mean±S.D.,n=3);**P<0.01vs.空白组,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.LPS处理组only.Student-Newman-Keuls test.T为阳性对照T0901317
表5.LPS刺激鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7 24h实验结果
细胞不同药物处理 | TNFα分泌(相对于空白) |
空白 | 1 |
LPS 5ug/ml | 1.711±0.057** |
T10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.449±0.062## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.047±0.156## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.277±0.055## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/mL | 1.447±0.098# |
山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.259±0.095## |
山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.499±0.050## |
山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.652±0.071 |
Hopeaphenol 30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.352±0.035## |
Hopeaphenol 10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.512±0.064# |
Hopeaphenol 3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 1.529±0.122 |
Data(mean±S.D.,n=3);**P<0.01vs.空白组,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.LPS处理组.Student-Newman-Keuls test.T为阳性对照T0901317
实施例8白黎芦醇低聚物对巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮产生的抑制作用
实验步骤
THP-1细胞用含有10%小牛血清RPMI1640培养液,37℃、5%CO2培养箱中静置培养。每次实验前用160nM PMA孵育THP-1单核细胞48h,使其诱导分化成巨噬细胞。将细胞按照2×104的细胞数加入96孔板,待细胞贴壁厚,巨噬细胞分为LPS组(LPS终浓度5μg/ml),LPS+样品组,各组各4个复孔,处理24h,取细胞培养上清,用于检测NO的浓度。分别取各组细胞培养上清100μl,加入Griess试剂(1%对氨基苯磺酸,0.1%N-萘基二乙胺,2.5%磷酸,),按照南京建成化学法NO测试盒操作说明,用酶标仪于550nm处比色,测定其光密度。本研究的结果见表6说明本发明化合物对巨噬细胞NO的产生具有较强的抑制作用,而且有很好的剂量依赖关系,符合LXR激动剂的作用机制。
表6白黎芦醇低聚物抑制LPS诱导THP-1细胞NO释放结果
THP-1细胞不同药物处理 | 一氧化氮含量(uM) |
空白 | 3.57±2.75 |
LPS 5ug/ml | 45.72±5.39** |
T10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 12.53±5.46## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 4.28±2.58## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 7.63±4.64## |
二脱氢山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 29.81±5.96## |
山葡萄素A-30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 4.81±3.19## |
山葡萄素A-10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 22.03±5.21## |
山葡萄素A-3uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 34.42±6.93# |
Hopeaphenol 30uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 12.01±4.97## |
Hopeaphenol 10uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 23.23±6.47## |
Hopeaphenol 1uM+LPS 5ug/ml | 35.40±5.80# |
Data(mean±S.D.,n=4);**P<0.01vs.空白对照,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.LPS处理组.Student-Newman-Keuls test.T为阳性对照T0901317
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