CN101481325B - 碱性氨基酸类金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
碱性氨基酸类金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101481325B CN101481325B CN2009100138951A CN200910013895A CN101481325B CN 101481325 B CN101481325 B CN 101481325B CN 2009100138951 A CN2009100138951 A CN 2009100138951A CN 200910013895 A CN200910013895 A CN 200910013895A CN 101481325 B CN101481325 B CN 101481325B
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- hydroxyl
- valeramide
- guanidine radicals
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- nitro guanidine
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Abstract
碱性氨基酸类金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其应用。本发明提供了一类强效的类肽金属蛋白酶抑制剂,可有效治疗金属蛋白酶活性异常表达的疾病。具体而言,本发明涉及具有通式(I)、(II)或(III)结构的类肽化合物,还涉及其各种光学异构体,药学上可接受的盐,溶剂合物以及前药。本发明还涉及含有式(I)、(II)或(III)结构类肽化合物的药物组合物及其制药用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碱性氨基酸(赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸)类金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和用途,属于化学技术领域。
背景技术
1、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)
基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一类依赖钙离子和锌离子的内肽酶,对细胞外基质降解、组织重建以及细胞间多种可溶性因子的调控起重要作用。基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的活性由基因表达水平和酶原激活/抑制因子的分泌水平严格控制,在很多病理过程,如关节炎、组织溃烂、恶性肿瘤的生长和转移中,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)也起到了重要作用。
目前在哺乳动物中发现了基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)家族的28个成员(Szabo,K.A.et al.Clinical andApplied Immunology Reviews.2004,4,295),根据其结构、特异性底物和不同的细胞位置,分为不同的亚型,包括种胶原酶(MMP-1,-8,-13,-18),2种明胶酶(MMP-2,-9),3种基质降解酶(MMP-3,-10,-11),6种膜型-基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-14,-15,-16,-17,-24,-25),以及其他未归类的如基质溶解素(MMP-7和-26)和巨噬细胞金属弹性蛋白(MMP-12)等。其中明胶酶(MMP-2和-9)已被证明于侵袭性肿瘤的恶性表型及癌症病人的不良预后密切相关,他们参与了肿瘤细胞对基底膜、基质的侵袭,对血管壁的穿透,以及肿瘤细胞的转移。近年来研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)还与原发瘤和继发瘤的生长、以及血管生成有关,甚至对肿瘤增值过程亦起促进作用。因此,瞄准以这些酶为作用靶点的治疗策略也迅速发展起来,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂已成为癌症治疗药物研究中的热点。
可用基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂治疗的例子包括:类风湿性关节炎(Mullins,D.E.;et al.Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1983,695,117);骨关节炎(Henderson,D.;et al.Drugs of the Future,1990,15,495);癌症;肿瘤细胞转移(Deryugina,E.I.;et al.Cancer Metastasis Rev.2006,25,9);多发性硬化症(Rosenberg,G.A.et al.Ann Neurol.2001,50,431);以及各种组织溃疡或组织溃疡性病症。如发生在角膜的溃疡可能是因碱灼伤所致,或因感染铜绿假单孢菌、Acanthamoeba、单纯性疱疹和牛痘病毒所致。
以金属蛋白酶活性过度为特征的病症的其他例子包括牙周病、大疱性表皮松懈症、发热、炎症和巩膜炎(Cf.Decicco,et al WO95/29892)。
2、氨肽酶N
氨肽酶N(APN,CD13)是一族II型膜结合糖蛋白,分子量约为150Kd,属于锌离子依赖性金属蛋白酶和氨肽酶M1家族的Gluzincins亚族,以同源二聚体的形式存在于细胞膜,参与底物N端氨基酸的降解。氨肽酶N(APN)广泛表达于肾脏和肠刷状缘细胞、骨髓始祖细胞膜、单核细胞膜,中枢神经系统突触细胞膜、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞膜、胎盘细胞膜表面,参与机体的生理调节。研究证明,氨肽酶N(APN)在肿瘤发生、免疫功能调节以及病毒感染中发挥重要的作用。
1)氨肽酶N(APN)在肿瘤细胞表面高水平表达。该酶可降解细胞外基质(ECM)的主要成分,破坏了机体的天然屏障,并作为一个新型信号转导分子参与肿瘤新血管的生成,从而促进肿瘤细胞浸润与转移(Sato Y,Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2004,27(6):772-776;Saiki,I.;et al.Int.J.Cancer.,1993,54,137;Menrad A.,Speicher D.,Wacker J.,et al.Cancer Res.,1993,53(6):1450-1455)。2)氨肽酶N(APN)在粒细胞及淋巴细胞表面大量表达,同时也参与了T淋巴细胞依赖的炎症反应;还能够表达于抗原递呈细胞表面,降解免疫活性物质(如白介素-8);参与抗原处理和细胞表面的主要组织相容性复合体II型(MHC-II)粘附抗原决定簇依赖的T细胞对抗原的识别,降低了T细胞对其抗原的识别能力,同时削弱了巨噬细胞和NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别和杀伤能力,使机体免疫力下降。3)氨肽酶N(APN)作为人冠状病毒HCoV-229E和传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)表面的受体,在上呼吸道感染(如:SARS)和急性肠炎中扮演重要角色,且其发挥作用与酶的活性相关(Delmas,B.,et al.Nature,1992,357,417;Yeager,C.L.;et al.Nature,1992,357,420)。4)氨肽酶N(APN)参与了T淋巴细胞依赖的炎症反应和HIV病毒颗粒进入宿主细胞的过程。研究表明,在感染HIV的患者体内氨肽酶N(APN)活性远远高于健康志愿者。在HIV-1入侵宿主细胞时,高表达的氨肽酶N(APN)通过降解能够使HIV-1辅助受体CCR5脱敏的趋化因子fMLP,从而降低细胞的天然免疫功能,并使CCR5增敏,促进病毒进入宿主细胞。(Shen W,Li B,et al.Blood,2000,96(8),2887;Shipp MA,et al.Blood,1993,82(4),1052)5)氨肽酶N(APN)参与内源性镇痛物质内啡肽和脑啡肽的降解,从而引起P物质的过度释放,导致疼痛。6)氨肽酶N(APN)降解血管紧张素,参与机体血压的调节(Mitsui,T.;et al.Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2004,27,768.)。
十几年以来,对基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂的研究开发极为迅速,但至今为止尚且没有一个上市。基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂大多数为肽或肽的类似物,对酶的降解比较敏感,另外由于基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)表现出一种广谱的作用特点,除了ECM还裂解其他底物如它们可以作为促进生长因子表达的酶或通过抑制蛋白水解而活化整合素从而间接促进肿瘤生长,这也是大多数基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制剂在临床阶段被枪毙的原因所在。另外针对氨肽酶N(APN)的抑制剂多为天然产物,唯一一个上市的药物乌苯美司(Ubenimex)具有含β-氨基酸的类二肽结构,目前作为免疫增强剂用于白血病的治疗,但由于是从橄榄网状链霉菌(Streptomyces olivorecticuli)的培养液中分离得到,来源有限。
研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)和氨肽酶N(APN)与恶性肿瘤的浸润与转移的发生和发展密切相关(Sounni N.E.,Janssen M.,Foidart J.M.,et al..Matrix Biol.,2003,22(1),55-61)。二者均以细胞外基质的主要成分-胶原蛋白为底物,通过破坏机体对肿瘤细胞的天然屏障,导致肿瘤细胞的浸润与转移。然而二者的不同在于其对底物的降解位点不同:前者为内肽酶(endopeptidase),能够从肽段中间降解底物;后者为外肽酶(ectopeptidase),其特点是由底物末端氨基开始降解底物。本发明将基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)和氨肽酶N(APN)结合起来研究,本项专利中涉及所设计的类肽化合物对两者的选择性问题,而且通过对类肽化合物结构的优化有望分别开发出特异性选择性抑制剂。本发明中所设计的类肽化合物针对于氨肽酶N(APN)活性筛选发现几个药物分子其活性类似或优于目前唯一上市的乌苯美司。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种碱性氨基酸(本发明包括:赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸)类金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和用途。
本发明的技术方案是:
具有通式(I)、(II)或(III)的类肽化合物,以及其光学异构体、非对映异构体和消旋体混合物,其药学上可接受的盐,溶剂合物或前药:
其中,
n是3或4;
R1是氢,各种氨基酸制备的酰基,芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;
R2是异羟肟酸基,羧基,甲氧羰基或酰肼基;
R3是氢,各种氨基酸制备的酰基,芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;
R4是氢,各种氨基酸制备的酰基,芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;
R5是异羟肟酸基,羧基,甲氧羰基或酰肼基;
R6是氢,各种氨基酸制备的酰基,芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;也可以是芳基,杂芳基,芳基C1-6烷基,杂芳基C1-9烷基,芳基C2-6烯基,杂芳基C2-6烯基,芳基C2-6炔基,杂芳基C2-6炔基或C1-6烷基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;
R7是氢,各种氨基酸制备的酰基,芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基;
R8是异羟肟酸基,羧基,甲氧羰基或酰肼基;
R9是各种氨基保护基,如硝基,叔丁氧羰基,苄氧羰基,芴甲氧羰基,2-联苯基-2-丙氧羰基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,对甲苯磺酰基,三苯甲基,甲酰基,乙酰基,三氟乙酰基。
其中,当n=4时,通式I为赖氨酸骨架;当n=3时,通式I为鸟氨酸骨架;
特别说明,当n=4时,R1是除去芳酰基,杂芳酰基,芳基C1-6烷酰基,杂芳基C1-9烷酰基以外的各种氨基酸制备的酰基,C1-6烷酰基,芳磺酰基,杂磺酰基,芳基C1-6烷磺酰基或杂芳基C1-9烷磺酰基,任选被一个或多个如下基团取代:羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基或芳基C1-8烷氧羰基。
上述的类肽化合物(I)、(II)或(III)具体包括如下化合物:
N6-苯甲酰基-N2-苯甲酰基-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-苯甲酰基-N2-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺、
N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-N2-{[(2S)-2-氨基-3-苯基]羰基}-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-N2-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-N2-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺、
N6-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-苯磺酰基-N2-苯磺酰基-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯磺酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯甲酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-苯磺酰基-N2-苯磺酰基-L-鸟氨酸、
1-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N-苯磺酰基-N’-羟基-L-组氨酰胺、
1-苯磺酰基-N-苯磺酰基-N’-羟基-L-组氨酰胺、
1-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-N-(4-甲基苯磺酰基)-N’-羟基-L-组氨酰胺、
1-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N-苯磺酰基-N’-羟基-L-组氨酰胺、
(2S)-2-氨基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯丙酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-对甲苯磺酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯磺酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-肉桂酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯甲酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-溴苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-碘苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-萘甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-甲基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(1-噻吩甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-甲基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯乙酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-硝基-4-溴苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4-二氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-对羟基肉桂酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-甲基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-吡咯烷甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-5-胍基戊酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-4-甲基戊酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基丙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-甲基戊酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-4-甲硫基丁酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-苯基丙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-[2-氨基-3-(3-吲哚基)丙酰胺基]-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基乙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-羟基丙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-羟基丁酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基琥珀酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基戊二酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-[2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺基]-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基琥珀酸单酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氨基戊二酸单酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2,6-二氨基己酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-[2-氨基-3-(5-咪唑基)丙酰胺基]-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-氨基丙酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-氨基丁酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(6-氨基己酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺。
制备上述通式(I)、(II)或(III)的类肽化合物中间体为:N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-赖氨酸、N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-鸟氨酸、N-[(叔丁氧基)羰基]-L-组氨酸苄酯或(2S)-2-氨基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺。
此外,本发明还包括一种适于口服给予哺乳动物的药物组合物,包含上述通式(I)、(II)或(III)的类肽化合物和药学上可接受载体,任选包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
此外,本发明还包括一种适于胃肠外给予哺乳动物的药物组合物,包含上述通式(I)、(II)或(III)的类肽化合物和药学上可接受载体,任选包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
这些类肽化合物在预防或治疗与金属蛋白酶,包括基质金属蛋白酶或氨肽酶N,活性异常表达相关的哺乳动物疾病的药物的应用。所述的与金属蛋白酶活性异常表达的相关哺乳动物疾病包括:炎症,癌症,多发性硬化症,各种组织溃疡或组织溃疡性病症,牙周病,大疱性表皮松懈症,白血病等。因此,本发明还涉及含有(I)、(II)或(III)结构化合物的药物组合物。
发明详述
所用的定义和术语
本文中所用的术语和定义含义如下:
“芳酰基”是指芳香族碳环末端连有羰基的基团。优选的芳环含有6-10个碳原子。
“卤”,或“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴或碘,优选氟和氯。
“各种氨基酸制备的酰基”:是指将各种氨基酸的羧基经酰化后得到的基团,优选中性α-氨基酸,如苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸。
“环烷酰基”是取代或未取代的,饱和或不饱和的环状末端连有羰基的基团,其含有碳原子和/或一个或多个杂原子。该环可以是单环或稠环,桥环或螺环的环系。单环通常有3-9个原子,优选有4-7个原子,多环含有7-17个原子,优选含有7-13个原子。
“杂芳酰基”是芳族杂环末端连有羰基的基团,可以是单环或双环基团。较佳的杂芳基包括,例如噻吩基,呋喃基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、噻唑基、嘧啶基、喹啉基、以及四氮唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚基等。
“杂烷基”指饱和或不饱和、含碳原子和至少一个杂原子的链,其中任意一个杂原子不相邻。杂烷基中含有2-15个原子(碳原子),优选含有2-10个原子。杂烷基可以是直连或支链、取代或未取代的。
“芳基”是指芳族碳环基团。优选的芳环含有6-10个碳原子。
“环烷基”是取代或未取代的,饱和或不饱和的环状基团,其含有碳原子和/或一个或多个杂原子。该环可以是单环或稠环,桥环或螺环的环系。单环通常有3-9个原子,优选有4-7个原子,多环含有7-17个原子,优选含有7-13个原子。
“药学上可接受的盐”是指式(I)、(II)或(III)化合物具有疗效且无毒的盐形式。其可由任一酸性基团(如羧基)形成阴离子盐,或由任一碱性基团(如氨基)形成阳离子盐。本领域已知许多这样的盐。在任何酸性基团(如羧基)上形成的阳离子盐,或是在任何碱性基团(如氨基)上形成的阴离子盐。这些盐有许多是本领域已知的,如阳离子盐包括碱金属(如钠和钾)和碱土金属(如镁和钙)的盐以及有机盐(如铵盐)。还可通过使用相应的酸处理碱性形式的(I)方便地获得阴离子盐,这样的酸包括无机酸如硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等;或有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、2-羟基丙酸、2-氧代丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、2-羟基-1,2,3-丙三酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯甲磺酸、4-甲基苯磺酸、环己基亚磺酸、2-羟基苯甲酸、4-氨基-2-羟基苯甲酸等。这些盐是熟练技术人员熟知的,熟练的技术人员可制备本领域知识所提供的任何盐。此外,熟练技术人员可根据溶解度、稳定性、容易制剂等取某种盐而舍另一种盐。这些盐的测定和最优化在熟练技术人员的经验范围内。
“溶剂合物”是溶质(如金属蛋白酶抑制剂)和溶剂(如水)组合形成的配合物。参见J.Honig等,The Van Nostrand Chemist’s Dictionary,p.650(1953)。本发明采用的药学上可接受的溶剂包括不干扰金属蛋白酶抑制剂的生物活性的那些溶剂(例如水、乙醇、乙酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜以及该领域技术人员所知的或容易确定的溶剂)。
本文所用的“光学异构体”、“对映体”、“非对映体”、“消旋体”等定义了本发明化合物或其生理上的衍生物所有可能的立体异构体的形式。除非另有指示,本发明化合物的化学命名包括所有可能的立体化学形式的混合物,所属混合物包含基本结构分子的所有非对映体和对映体,以及基本纯净的本发明化合物的单个异构体形式,即其中含有低于10%,优选低于5%,特别是低于2%,最优选低于1%的其它异构体。本发明类肽化合物各种立体异构体形式均明显包含于本发明的范围内。
式(I)、(II)或(III)类肽化合物还可以其它被保护的形式或衍生物的形式存在,这些形式对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,均应该包含于本发明的范围内。
如上所述的取代基自身还可被一个或多个取代基取代。这样的取代基包括在C.Hansch和A.Leo,Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology(1979)中列出的那些取代基。优选的取代基包括,例如烷基,烯基,烷氧基,羟基,氧基,硝基,氨基,氨基烷基(如氨甲基等),氰基,卤,羧基,羰基烷氧基(如羰基乙氧基等),硫基,芳基,环烷基,杂芳基,杂环烷基(如哌啶基,吗啉基,吡咯基等),亚氨基,羟烷基,芳基氧基,芳基烷基,及其结合。
所述化合物的制备方法,反应步骤及反应式如下:
以光学氨基酸为原料,相继经酯化保护羧基,选择性保护一位氨基,经多肽缩合连接基团,脱去保护基,再经多肽缩合连接基团,在将甲酯经过相应反应得到目标化合物。
合成路线:
上述R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9如权利要求1所定义;
上述反应式中的试剂:(a)碱式碳酸铜,1mol/L盐酸,水,80-90℃(b)碳酸氢钠,苄氧羰酰氯,0℃(c)饱和乙二酸四乙酸溶液,25℃(d)甲醇,氯化氢,25℃(e)如所用为各种上述羧酸,二氯甲烷,三乙胺,4-二甲氨基吡啶,1-羟基苯并三氮唑,1,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,-5℃;如所用为各种上述羧酸相应的酰氯,二氯甲烷,三乙胺,-15℃;如R6用卤代烷,钠氢,乙腈,-15℃(f)钯碳,氢气(g)制备羧酸:2mol/L氢氧化钠,1mol/L盐酸,25℃;制备异羟肟酸:羟胺钾,无水甲醇,25℃;制备酰肼:80%水合肼,回流5小时(h)溴苄,碳酸钾,丙酮,回流5小时(i)氯化氢饱和的乙酸乙酯(j)如R9是硝基:发烟硝酸,发烟硫酸,0℃。
所述化合物的具体操作步骤在实施例中将加以详细说明。
本领域技术人员可以对上述步骤进行变动以提高收率,他们可据本领域的基本知识确定合成的路线,如选择反应物,溶剂和温度,可以通过使用各种常规保护基以避免副反应的发生从而提高收率。这些常规的保护方法可参见例如T. Greene,Protecting Groups in OrganicSynthesis.
显然,上述路线为立体选择性合成,通过上述路线还可制备得到其光学活性的类肽化合物。例如将原料L-赖氨酸、L-鸟氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸替换为其光学异构体(D构型)。本领域技术人员可方便地获得赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸类衍生物的各种其他异构体,并可通过常规的分离手段纯化,如手性盐或手性层析柱等。
基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)抑制活性的测试描述于Vijaykumar,M.B.等,Matrix Biol.2000,19,26中。琥珀酰明胶已证明能被明胶酶(包括MMP-2,-9)水解,肽键水解产生的游离氨基浓度的高低与酶活性大小呈正相关。琥珀酸酐保护明胶中的游离氨基,水解后暴露的伯氨与2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)反应显色,通过检测450nm处的吸收度确定氨基含量,从而确定明胶酶的活性。
氨肽酶N(APN)抑制活性的测试描述于Lejczak,B等.Biochemistry,1989,28,3549中。底物L-亮氨酰-p-硝基苯胺被氨肽酶N(APN)降解,产生在405nm有吸收的p-硝基苯胺,并且p-硝基苯胺的浓度与酶活性的大小呈正相关。通过检测405nm处的吸收度确定p-硝基苯胺的含量,从而确定氨肽酶的活性,间接反映出抑制剂对酶活性抑制程度的大小。
化合物的细胞活性的测试使用MTT检测方法,HL-60细胞悬液接种于96孔板),每孔中加入含不同浓度化合物的培养基,经孵育后,用MTT染色,继续孵育后,于酶标仪上在570nm处测定每孔的吸光度OD值,计算出细胞生长抑制率,从而确定化合物的活性。
通式(I)、(II)或(III)的类肽化合物的体外抑酶试验证明该类肽化合物为一种赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸类肽金属蛋白酶抑制剂。
本发明的赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸衍生物在空间上与金属蛋白酶的活性位点相匹配,因此在体外显示了较高的抑制活性。
含有本发明化合物的药物组合物:
本发明的部分衍生物可以游离形式或以盐形式存在。本领域技术人员已知许多化合物类型的药学上可接受的盐及其制备方法。药学上可接受的盐包括常规的无毒性的盐,包括这样的化合物碱与无机或有机酸形成的季铵盐。
本发明的化合物可形成水合物或溶剂合物。本领域熟练人员已知将化合物与水一起冻干时所形成的水合物或在溶液中与合适的有机溶剂浓缩时形成溶剂合物的方法。
本发明包含含有治疗量本发明化合物的药物,和一种或多种药学上可接受载体和/或赋形剂的药物组合物。载体包括如盐水,缓冲盐水,葡萄糖,水,甘油,乙醇和它们的结合物,下文更详细地论述。如果需要,该组合物还可以包含较小量的润湿剂或乳化剂,或pH缓冲剂。该组合物可以是液体,悬浮液,乳剂,片剂,丸剂,胶囊,持续释放制剂或粉末。该组合物可以用传统的黏合剂和载体如三酸甘油酯配制成栓剂。口服制剂可以包括标准载体如药物品级的甘露糖醇,乳糖,淀粉,硬脂酸镁,糖精钠,纤维素和碳酸镁等等。视需要制剂而定,配制可以设计混合,制粒和压缩或溶解成分。在另一个途径中,该组合物可以配制成纳米颗粒。
使用的药物载体可以为,例如,固体或者液体。
典型的固体载体包括乳糖,石膏粉,蔗糖,滑石,凝胶,琼脂,果胶,阿拉伯胶,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸等等。固体载体可以包括一种或多种可能同时作为增香剂,润滑剂,增溶剂,悬浮剂,填料,助流剂,压缩助剂,粘合剂或片剂-崩解剂的物质;它还可以是包封材料。在粉末中,载体为精细粉碎的固体,它与精细粉碎的活性成分的混合。在片剂中活性成分与具有必要的压缩性质的载体以合适的比例混合,以需要的形状和大小压缩。粉末和片剂优选包含至多99%活性成分。合适的固体载体包括,例如,磷酸钙,硬脂酸镁,滑石,糖,乳糖,糊精,淀粉,凝胶,纤维素,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠盐,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮烷酮,低熔点蜡和离子交换树脂。
典型的液体载体包括糖浆,花生油,橄榄油,水,等等。液体载体用于制备溶液,悬浮液,乳剂,糖浆,酊剂和密封的组合物。活性成分可以溶解或悬浮于药学上可接受的液体载体如水,有机溶剂,二者的混合物或药学上可接受的油类或脂肪。液体载体可以包含其他合适的药物添加剂如增溶剂,乳化剂,缓冲剂,防腐剂,增甜剂,增香剂,悬浮剂,增稠剂,颜料,粘度调节剂,稳定形或渗透压-调节剂。用于口服和肠胃外给药的液体载体的合适的例子包括水(部分地包含如同上述的添加剂,例如纤维素衍生物,优选羧甲基纤维素钠盐溶液),醇(包括一元醇和多元醇,例如乙二醇)和它们的衍生物,和油类(例如分馏椰子油和花生油)。用于肠胃外给药的载体还可以为油脂如油酸乙酯和异丙基肉豆蔻酸盐。无菌的液体载体用于肠胃外给药的无菌的液态组合物。用于加压组合物的液体载体可以为卤代烃或其他药学上可接受的推进剂。无菌溶液或悬浮溶液液体药物组合物可以用来,例如,静脉内,肌内,腹膜内或皮下注射。注射时可单次推入或逐渐注入,入30分钟的经脉内灌注。该化合物还可以以液体或者固体组合物的形式口服给药。
载体或赋形剂可以包括本领域已知的时间延迟材料,如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯,还可包括蜡,乙基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,异丁烯酸甲酯等等。当制剂用于口服时,公认PHOSALPG-50(phospholipid与1,2-丙二醇浓缩,A.Nattermann & Cie.GmbH)中的0.01%吐温80用于其他化合物的可接受的口服制剂的配制,可以适应于本发明各种化合物的配制。
给予本发明化合物时可以使用各式各样的药物形式。如果使用固体载体,制剂可以为片剂,被放入硬胶囊中的粉末或小药丸形式或锭剂或糖锭形式。固体载体的量在很大程度上变化,但是优选从约25mg到约1.0g。如果使用液体载体,制剂可以为糖浆,乳剂,软胶囊,在安瓿或小瓶或非水的液体悬浮液中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液。
为了获得稳定的水溶性的剂型,可以将化合物或其药学上可接受的盐溶于有机或无机酸的水溶液,0.3M琥珀酸或柠檬酸溶液。选择性地,酸性的衍生物可以溶于合适的碱性溶液。如果得不到可溶形式,可将化合物溶于合适的共溶剂或它们的结合。这样的合适的共溶剂的例子包括,但是不局限于,浓度范围从0-60%总体积的乙醇,丙二醇,聚乙二醇300,聚山梨酸酯80,甘油,聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯,脂肪醇或甘油羟脂肪酸酯等等。
各种释放系统是已知的并且可以用于化合物或其他各种制剂的给药,这些制剂包括片剂,胶囊,可注射的溶液,脂质体中的胶囊,微粒,微胶囊,等等。引入的方法包括但是不局限于皮肤的,皮内,肌内,腹膜内的,静脉内的,皮下的,鼻腔内的,肺的,硬膜外的,眼睛的和(通常优选的)口服途径。化合物可以通过任何方便的或者其它适当的途径给药,例如通过注入或快速浓注,通过上皮的或粘膜线路(例如,口腔粘膜,直肠和肠粘膜,等等)吸收或通过负载药物的支架以及可以于其他生物活性剂一起给药。可以全身或局部给药。用于鼻,支气管或肺疾病的治疗或预防时,优选的给药途径为口服,鼻给药或支气管烟雾剂或喷雾器。
本发明含有如上述通式(I)、(II)或(III)的化合物的设计采用了类肽和电子等排体设计策略。类肽和电子等排体策略已经被广泛应用于抗病毒、抗肿瘤药物的设计和开发领域,其结构由天然或非天然氨基酸组成类似于肽的结构,但总体构象又不同于天然的多肽物质,一方面,类肽具有底物的内在活性,可以通过识别酶的活性中心来抑制酶的活性,同时提高对靶部位的选择性和效能;另外,类肽与天然肽类物质存在着结构上的差异不易被肽酶降解,生物稳定性和利用度得到了提高,且化合物的作用时间长。
具体而言,本发明以光学纯度氨基酸为原料,通过选择性保护单氨基,经过缩合、脱保护、再缩合、酯化等步骤合成关键中间体,目的均是为了增强化合物与酶或受体的亲和力以及代谢稳定性。
本发明设计合成的一类具有全新结构母核的金属蛋白酶抑制剂,体外试验表明其无细胞毒活性但体现出显著的体外抑酶活性,有望成为一类非细胞毒类抗癌候选药物。
附图说明
图1为化合物N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺(wq09)与氨肽酶N(APN)的活性区域对接结果通过Sybyl7.0以三维显示示意图。
图2为化合物N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺(wq09)与氨肽酶N(APN)的活性区域对接结果通过Ligplot以二维显示示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,但不限于此。
实施例1.本发明化合物的合成
1.以N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯磺酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺为例:
1)N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-赖氨酸(1)的制备
2.92g赖氨酸,2.25g碱式碳酸铜溶于50ml 1mol/L盐酸中,80-90℃搅拌2小时,过滤。冷却后,用碳酸氢钠调PH值到8~9,待用。将4.2g苄氧羰酰氯溶于30ml丙酮中,冰盐浴条件下滴入上述溶液中,搅拌12小时,过滤。滤饼混悬于50ml饱和乙二酸四乙酸溶液中,搅拌24小时,过滤,重复2次,最后所得滤饼干燥,得白色粉末4.3g,产率76%。
2)N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-赖氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(2)的制备
250毫升的三颈瓶中,加入40克N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-赖氨酸,再加入120毫升的无水甲醇,搅拌使其混悬。冰浴,通HCl气体,30分钟后撤去冰浴,持续通HCl气体5-6小时,减压浓缩,加少量无水乙醚结晶,无水乙醚洗涤,干燥,得白色固体38.7克,产率82%,熔点118-120℃。
3)N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-N2-苯磺酰基-L-赖氨酸甲酯(3)的制备
化合物(2)3.3克置于50毫升无水二氯甲烷中,搅拌,缓慢滴加无水三乙胺1.5毫升,滴毕后,持续搅拌30分钟。后再缓慢滴入1倍当量苯磺酰氯,TLC检测。
反应毕,减压蒸除溶剂,加乙酸乙酯100毫升,依次用1N盐酸、饱和食盐水、饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,硅胶柱分离(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=4∶1),得白色固体3.7克,产率86%。
4)N6-氨基-N2-苯磺酰基-L-赖氨酸甲酯(4)的制备
按质量比20∶1,将1.0g化合物(3)与0.5g钯碳混悬于20ml无水甲醇中,密封,通入氢气,搅拌24小时,过滤,减压整除溶剂,干燥,得透明油状物,产率96%。
5)N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯磺酰基-L-赖氨酸甲酯(5)的制备
化合物(4)3.0克置于50毫升无水二氯甲烷中,搅拌,缓慢滴加无水三乙胺1.5毫升,滴毕后,持续搅拌30分钟。后再缓慢滴入1倍当量2,4-二氯苯甲酰氯,TLC检测。
反应毕,减压蒸除溶剂,加乙酸乙酯100毫升,依次用1N盐酸、饱和食盐水、饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,硅胶柱分离(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=4∶1),得白色固体3.6克,产率78%。
6)NH2OK的制备
14mL KOH的饱和无水甲醇溶液滴加到24mL含有4.67g(67mmol)盐酸羟胺的无水甲醇溶液中,控制内温低于40℃,滴加完毕,冷却反应液,滤除白色KCl沉淀,所得滤液密闭保存备用。
7)N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯磺酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺的制备
化合物(5)1.6克,加入上述16毫升NH2OK的无水甲醇溶液,搅拌室温反应,TLC检测反应进程。反应毕,冰乙酸调PH值至近中性。减压蒸除甲醇,加入50毫升乙酸乙酯,饱和食盐水洗涤3次。无水硫酸钠干燥,硅胶柱(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=20∶1)分离,得白色固体0.3克,产率19%。mp=144-146℃。ESI-MS m/z:474.2(M+H):1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,δppm):1.052-1.508(m,6H),3.017-3.167(m,2H),3.348-3.567(m,1H),7.393-7.794(m,8H),8.026-8.054(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.407(t,J=11.1Hz,1H),8.851(s,1H),10.621(s,1H)。
实施例2目标化合物抑制明胶酶活性试验(In vitro)
试验原理及详细试验步骤参见CN 1528745A吡咯烷类基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法,实验结果见表1。
实施例3目标化合物抑制氨肽酶N的活性试验(In vitro)
试验原理及详细试验步骤参见CN 1974554A环酰亚胺类肽金属蛋白酶抑制剂及其应用,实验结果见表1。
表1.体外抑酶试验结果
a表中数值为三次试验的平均值,“±”后的数值表示标准偏差。
上表测试数据表明,化合物wq09、wq16、6a、12p对氨肽酶N的抑制活性均优于阳性对照药乌苯美司,具有良好的开发前景。
实施例4目标化合物抑制细胞增殖的活性试验(In vitro)
1.[材料]HL-60细胞株,四甲基偶氮唑蓝MTT,10%胎牛血清,96孔板
2.[方法]
细胞培养人急性粒细胞白血病细胞HL 60,由中科院上海细胞所引进。采用常规培养。实验时均用对数生长期细胞。
细胞生长检测(MTT法)HL-60细胞悬液调整至1×105/ml,接种于96孔板(50μl/孔),104个细胞/孔。铺板4h后,每孔中加入50ul含不同浓度化合物的培养基,使孔中化合物终浓度分别为:800、600、400、200、100ug/ml,每个浓度设三个复孔,不加细胞的孔读数时作空白,加细胞不加化合物的孔作化合物空白孔,乌苯美司作化合物阳性对照。于37℃,5%CO2中孵育48h,每孔加入10μl 0.5%的MTT染色液,继续孵育4h后,2500rpm,离心30min,然后抛板弃孔中培养基,加入DMSO,100ul/孔。酶标仪上于570nm处测定每孔的吸光度OD值,细胞生长抑制率按下式计算:
表2细胞增殖实验结果
化合物 | IC50(mM) | 化合物 | IC50(mM) | 化合物 | IC50(mM) | 化合物 | IC50(mM) |
乌苯美司 | 1.65 | 9b | 0.0029 | 12h | 1.24 | wq09 | 2.48 |
6b | 2.67 | 12c | 0.36 | 12o | 1.79 | wq10 | 8.91 |
6c | 0.08 | 12d | 1.09 | 12p | 1.74 | wq16 | 4.20 |
9a | 0.0098 | 12e | 0.92 | 12r | 0.94 | wq17 | 8.37 |
上表测试数据表明,大多数化合物在细胞增殖实验中的表现均接近或优于阳性对照药乌苯美司,具有良好的开发前景。
实施例5目标化合物的构效关系研究
应用软件Sybyl7.0将目标化合物与氨肽酶N(APN)的活性区域进行对接,附图1展示了本系列中具有较好活性的化合物wq09的对接结果。
如图1所示,化合物wq09的构型与乌苯美司的构型在和氨肽酶N(APN)的活性区域结合时有一定的相似性,wq09可以很好地占据氨肽酶N(APN)的疏水性口袋,同时结构中的羰基和氨基可以螯合氨肽酶N(APN)活性区域的锌离子。图2是用Ligplot模拟的wq09与氨肽酶N(APN)对接的二维结构示意图,从图中我们可以得到,wq09与氨肽酶N(APN)催化中心的Gly261、Ala262、Ser826、Lys864可形成分子间氢键,还与Met260、Tyr376、Arg825具有疏水性作用。这些结构特征为我们进行构效关系研究从而合理预期并设计具有更好抑制活性的APN抑制剂提供了依据。
Claims (2)
1.化合物及其药学上可接受的盐:
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(3-氯苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-N1-羟基-L-鸟氨酰胺、
N6-[(苄氧基)羰基]-N2-{[(2S)-2-氨基-3-苯基]丙酰基}-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-L-鸟氨酸、
N6-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-N2-(2-氯苯甲酰基)-L-赖氨酸、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯磺酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
N6-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-N2-苯甲酰基-N1-羟基-L-赖氨酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯丙酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-对甲苯磺酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯磺酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-肉桂酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯甲酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-溴苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-碘苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-萘甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-甲基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(1-噻吩甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(4-氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(2-甲基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-苯乙酰胺基-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-甲氧基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-硝基-4-溴苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3-硝基苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺、
(2S)-2-(3,4-二氯苯甲酰胺基)-N-羟基-5-(3-硝基胍基)戊酰胺。
2.权利要求1所述的化合物在制备预防或治疗与氨肽酶N活性异常表达相关的哺乳动物疾病的药物中的应用。
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