CN101460621A - 肌萎缩性侧索硬化和其他脊髓失调症的基因治疗 - Google Patents
肌萎缩性侧索硬化和其他脊髓失调症的基因治疗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101460621A CN101460621A CNA2007800208915A CN200780020891A CN101460621A CN 101460621 A CN101460621 A CN 101460621A CN A2007800208915 A CNA2007800208915 A CN A2007800208915A CN 200780020891 A CN200780020891 A CN 200780020891A CN 101460621 A CN101460621 A CN 101460621A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- brain
- igf
- virus vector
- experimenter
- aav4
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 208000029033 Spinal Cord disease Diseases 0.000 title 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 101000599951 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor I Proteins 0.000 claims description 72
- 102100037852 Insulin-like growth factor I Human genes 0.000 claims description 69
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 34
- 102100026858 Protein-lysine 6-oxidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 108010005939 Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 31
- 102100031614 Ciliary neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000580270 Adeno-associated virus - 4 Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 102000003951 Erythropoietin Human genes 0.000 claims description 23
- 108090000394 Erythropoietin Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940105423 erythropoietin Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 102100024819 Prolactin Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- 108010057464 Prolactin Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940097325 prolactin Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000001675 Parvalbumin Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- 108060005874 Parvalbumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 102100022987 Angiogenin Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 108010045403 Calcium-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 108010072788 angiogenin Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000005701 Calcium-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- 108010003894 Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 SIRT-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 102000008847 Serpin Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108050000761 Serpin Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004055 fourth ventricle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003001 serine protease inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 102100033367 Appetite-regulating hormone Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 102100022875 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108050009527 Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010077689 gamma-aminobutyryl-2-methyltryptophyl-2-methyltryptophyl-2-methyltryptophyl-lysinamide Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000702421 Dependoparvovirus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000289669 Erinaceus europaeus Species 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 102100033299 Glia-derived nexin Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 101000997803 Homo sapiens Glia-derived nexin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000508 neurotrophic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108010067390 Viral Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 54
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 42
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 17
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 102100037632 Progranulin Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 229940032362 superoxide dismutase Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000053171 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007914 intraventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 210000000219 ependymocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- GIANIJCPTPUNBA-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitramidopropanoic acid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GIANIJCPTPUNBA-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 102100026189 Beta-galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 101710114165 Progranulin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 102100021809 Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101000808011 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor A Proteins 0.000 description 7
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000003194 forelimb Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 102000058223 human VEGFA Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000002826 placenta Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 101800001586 Ghrelin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102400000442 Ghrelin-28 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 6
- 102000003693 Hedgehog Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000031 Hedgehog Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100032742 Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101000895818 Homo sapiens Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 101000956228 Homo sapiens Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 101000654725 Homo sapiens Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 101000617738 Homo sapiens Survival motor neuron protein Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000006386 Myelin Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010083674 Myelin Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100037591 Neuroserpin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 102100021947 Survival motor neuron protein Human genes 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N ghrelin Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CN)COC(=O)CCCCCCC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000005012 myelin Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 108010080874 neuroserpin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 6
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 5
- 102000008763 Neurofilament Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010088373 Neurofilament Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010012809 Progranulins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 206010020718 hyperplasia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000005044 neurofilament Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000211 third ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000002987 choroid plexus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010901 lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000324 neuroprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000023603 positive regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OPIFSICVWOWJMJ-AEOCFKNESA-N 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CNC2=CC=C(Br)C(Cl)=C12 OPIFSICVWOWJMJ-AEOCFKNESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013607 AAV vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000032319 Primary lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 3
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 206010046298 Upper motor neurone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000234 capsid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004289 cerebral ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002594 corticospinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001353 entorhinal cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KISWVXRQTGLFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[1-[2-[[6-amino-2-[(2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoyl)amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)p Chemical compound C1CCN(C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O)C1C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KISWVXRQTGLFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001655883 Adeno-associated virus - 1 Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001634120 Adeno-associated virus - 5 Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000448 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100030907 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100026031 Beta-glucuronidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101000690445 Caenorhabditis elegans Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator homolog Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100023460 Choline O-acetyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010058699 Choline O-acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010009685 Cholinergic Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010012305 Demyelination Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010018341 Gliosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010068250 Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000793115 Homo sapiens Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000008119 Larix laricina Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000218653 Larix laricina Species 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101000888418 Mus musculus Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000047918 Myelin Basic Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710107068 Myelin basic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N N-acetyl-L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C)=O XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007072 Nerve Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150081851 SMN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020307 Spinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000848 Ubiquitin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000044159 Ubiquitin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1ldcw0 Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN3CCSC1=C32 LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylcholine Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004373 acetylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 102000034337 acetylcholine receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001713 cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000806 cranial fontanelle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000120 cytopathologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001947 dentate gyrus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000001951 dura mater Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000001097 facial muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000715 neuromuscular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007171 neuropathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003900 neurotrophic factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxynitrous acid Chemical compound OON=O CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029279 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001374 small-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAVVEEJGALCVIN-AGVBWZICSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-5-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-(diamino Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RAVVEEJGALCVIN-AGVBWZICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150084750 1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminosalicylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQHGBJNKVFWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[4-(4-quinolin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione Chemical compound C1C(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C=2N=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C(=O)CC21CCCC2 TWQHGBJNKVFWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000202702 Adeno-associated virus - 3 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972680 Adeno-associated virus - 6 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001164823 Adeno-associated virus - 7 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001164825 Adeno-associated virus - 8 Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100107610 Arabidopsis thaliana ABCF4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100519158 Arabidopsis thaliana PCR2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010049386 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008056 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003984 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026792 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010027344 Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018720 Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-O CDP-choline(1+) Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1 RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000459479 Capsula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000004543 DNA replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001917 Ficoll Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039556 Galectin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000834253 Gallus gallus Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000010558 Gene Alterations Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010060309 Glucuronidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710153310 Hemoglobin subunit beta-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038617 Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000167880 Hirundinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000933465 Homo sapiens Beta-glucuronidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000608765 Homo sapiens Galectin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001040800 Homo sapiens Integral membrane protein GPR180 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000772905 Homo sapiens Polyubiquitin-B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001027324 Homo sapiens Progranulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000664887 Homo sapiens Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700000788 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 tat peptide (47-57) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021244 Integral membrane protein GPR180 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010056677 Nerve degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AWCCRHWUFBGTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(CCC)(O)O.Cl.NNC(=N)N Chemical compound OC(CCC)(O)O.Cl.NNC(=N)N AWCCRHWUFBGTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000012288 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022181 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000404144 Pieris melete Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010003044 Placental Lactogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000381 Placental Lactogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100030432 Polyubiquitin-B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037935 Polyubiquitin-C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004245 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000708 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000125945 Protoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700008625 Reporter Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100068078 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) GCN4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000003176 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000005392 Spasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020339 Spinal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000701093 Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010056354 Ubiquitin C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091093126 WHP Posttrascriptional Response Element Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001492404 Woodchuck hepatitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001261 affinity purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004960 anterior grey column Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000576 arachnoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010003549 asthenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037875 astrocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007341 astrogliosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037147 athletic performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVKZSFMYNWRPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenearsonic acid Natural products O[As](O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVKZSFMYNWRPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004641 brain development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004094 calcium homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003037 cerebral aqueduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004720 cerebrum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003618 cortical neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011262 co‐therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940096516 dextrates Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003013 erythroid precursor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003492 excitotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000063 excitotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000256 facial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001652 frontal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007387 gliosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049906 glutamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000550 glycopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000833 heterodimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010231 histologic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000508 hormonal effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 102000056070 human SOD1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002990 hypoglossal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018875 hypoxemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001524 infective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002608 insulinlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000185 intracerebroventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000011 invertebrate ventral nerve cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000832 lactitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010448 lactitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N lactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003451 lactitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N melezitose Chemical compound O([C@@]1(O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)CO)CO)[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001259 mesencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037023 motor activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000337 motor cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000023105 myelination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007390 neurogliosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002610 neuroimaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003959 neuroinflammation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018360 neuromuscular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000016273 neuron death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003961 neuronal insult Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002276 neurotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005937 nuclear translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003950 pathogenic mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001991 pathophysiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000578 peripheral nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004332 phalangeal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036178 pleiotropy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000976 primary motor cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002804 pyramidal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004193 respiratory failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003019 respiratory muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011808 rodent model Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006012 semi-aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037432 silent mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930188929 simonin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001324 spliceosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003478 temporal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003538 tetroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/30—Insulin-like growth factors, i.e. somatomedins, e.g. IGF-1, IGF-2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0075—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the delivery route, e.g. oral, subcutaneous
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
- C12N15/864—Parvoviral vectors, e.g. parvovirus, densovirus
- C12N15/8645—Adeno-associated virus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2750/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
- C12N2750/00011—Details
- C12N2750/14011—Parvoviridae
- C12N2750/14111—Dependovirus, e.g. adenoassociated viruses
- C12N2750/14141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2750/14143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2799/00—Uses of viruses
- C12N2799/02—Uses of viruses as vector
- C12N2799/021—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid
- C12N2799/025—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid where the vector is derived from a parvovirus
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供治疗受试者中影响运动功能及控制的失调或损伤的方法和组合物。一方面,本发明通过将含有转基因的重组的亲神经的病毒载体给药至脑从而将该转基因产物传递到受试者的脊髓。所述的病毒载体将该转基因传递到易受病毒感染并表达该编码的重组病毒基因产物的脑区。也提供通过含有该转基因的重组的亲神经的病毒载体给药至受试者的脑从而将转基因产物传递到受试者的脊髓的组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗影响受试者运动功能,特别是受脑部和/或脊髓疾病或损伤影响的运动功能失调(disorder)的组合物和治疗方法。
背景技术
基因治疗是一种新出现的治疗影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的失调症的治疗模式。CNS基因治疗受到了能有效感染分裂期后神经元的病毒载体发展的促进。中枢神经系统由脊髓和大脑组成。脊髓传导从周围神经系统到大脑的感觉信息,并传导从大脑到各种效应器的运动信息。关于用来将基因传递到中枢神经系统的病毒载体的综述可参见Davidson等人,(2003)Nature Rev.4:353-364的文章。
腺伴随病毒(AAV)载体被认为对CNS基因治疗有用,因为其拥有有利的毒性和免疫原性特性,能转导神经元细胞,并能在CNS中介导长期的表达(Kaplitt等人,(1994)Nat.Genet.8:148-154;Bartlett等人,(1998)Hum.Gene Ther.9:1181-1186和Passini等人,(2002)J.Neurosci.22:6437-6446)。
AAV载体的一个有用的特性是某些AAV载体能够在神经元细胞内的进行逆向和/或顺向运输的能力。在一个大脑区域的神经元通过轴突相互连接并到达远端的大脑区域,因此为载体的传递提供了运输系统。例如,AAV载体可能在或靠近神经元轴突末梢的位置给予。神经元纳入AAV载体并将其以逆向方式沿着轴突到细胞体的方向进行运输。腺病毒、HSV和伪狂犬病病毒也显示出了将基因传递到大脑内远端结构的相似特性。(Soudas等人,(2001)FASEBJ.15:2283-2285;Breakefield等人,(1991)New Biol.3:203-218和deFalco等人,(2001)Science,291:2608-2613)。
几个小组已经报道,用AAV血清型2(AAV2)进行的大脑转导限定于颅内注射位点(Kaplitt等人,(1994)Nat.Genet.8:148-154;Passini等人,(2002)J.Neurosci.22:6437-6446和Chamberlin等人,(1998)Brain Res.793:169-175)。近期的报道显示,亲神经的病毒载体的逆向轴突运输也能发生在选定的正常小鼠大脑的回路里(Kaspar等人,(2002)Mol.Ther.5:50-56(AAV载体);Kasper等人,(2003)Science301:839-842(慢病毒载体)和Azzouz等人,(2004)Nature 429:413-417(慢病毒载体)。Roaul等人,(2005)Nat.Med.11(4):423-428和Ralph等人,(2005)Nat.Med.11(4):429-433报道,肌肉注射表达沉默人Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)干扰RNA的慢病毒阻碍了与治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(amytrophic lateral sclerosis)(ALS)相关的啮齿类动物模型的ALS的疾病发生。
被AAV载体转导的细胞可能表达治疗性的转基因产物,诸如酶或神经元营养因子,来介导有益的胞内效应。这些细胞也可能分泌这些治疗性的转基因产物,这些产物可能随后被远端细胞吸收,在这些远端细胞中这些产物可能介导其的有益效应。这个过程已经被描述为交叉校正(cross-correction)(Neufeld等人,(1970)Science 169:141-146)。
然而,治疗导致人类患者运动机能丧失的脊髓异常的组合物和方法的需求仍然存在。本发明满足了这个需求并提供了相关的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供通过室内给药(intraventricular administration)含有IGF-1转基因的重组的亲神经的(neurotrophic)病毒载体将转基因传递到受试者脊髓和/或脑干区域的方法和组合物。病毒传递在有利于转基因在室管膜细胞表达的情况下进行。
本发明提供通过室内给药含有转基因的重组的亲神经的(neurotrophic)病毒载体将转基因传递到受试者脊髓和/或脑干区域的方法和组合物,所述的转基因选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28K、小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(Ciliary neurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(sonic hedgehog,shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyloxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin)、催乳素(prolactin)、生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)、血管生成素(angiogenin)或胎盘催乳素(placenta lactogen)。病毒传递在有利于所述转基因在室管膜细胞表达的情况下进行。
本发明提供通过室内(也称为脑室内intracerebroventricular或ICV)给药含有至少两个转基因的重组的亲神经的(neurotrophic)病毒载体将转基因传递到受试者脊髓和/或脑干区域的方法和组合物,所述的转基因选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28K、小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(Ciliaryneurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(sonic hedgehog,shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin)、催乳素(prolactin)、生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)、血管生成素(angiogenin)或胎盘催乳素(placenta lactogen)。在一个具体实施方式中,重组腺伴随病毒载体包含IGF-1和VEGF。病毒传递在有利于所述转基因在室管膜细胞表达的情况下进行。表1-3提供了在本发明中可用的可能的转基因对(transgene pairs)组合。
在更进一步的方面,本发明提供通过给药至受试者脑的含有治疗性转基因的重组的亲神经的病毒载体,并且在有利于该转基因以治疗有效量表达的情况下改善受试者运动神经元失调症(motor neurondisorder)症状的组合物和方法。
应当理解,上述的总体描述和随后的详细描述都仅是范例性和解释性的,都不对本发明具有限制性。
附图说明
图1显示室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4比较的卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线(Kaplan-Meier survival curves)。观察到生存率的显著性差异。接受者为SOD小鼠。
图2显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Lac Z)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠前肢力量的比较。IGF-1接受者更渐进且更缓慢地丧失力量。
图3显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(LacZ)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠后肢力量的比较。IGF-1接受者更渐进且更晚地丧失力量。
图4显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Lac Z)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠滚轮测试(rotatod,latency to fall落下的等待时间)比较。IGF-1接受者落下更渐进且更晚。
图5显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Lac Z)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠体重丧失的比较。IGF-1接受者更渐进且更晚地丧失体重。
图6显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Bgal)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠脑干GFAP染色的比较。AAV4-IGF-1处理小鼠GFAP染色的降低证明室内传递AAV4-IGF-1导致脑干中星形胶质细胞增生(astrogliosis)降低。
图7显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Bgal)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠脊髓腹侧GFAP染色的比较。AAV4-IGF-1处理小鼠GFAP染色的降低证明室内传递AAV4-IGF-1导致脊髓腹侧中星形胶质细胞增生降低。
图8显示接受室内给药编码β-半乳糖苷酶(Bgal)AAV4与编码IGF-1 AAV4的SOD小鼠硝基酪氨酸水平的比较。AAV4-IGF1处理小鼠染色的降低证明室内传递AAV4-IGF-1导致整个脊髓,例如颈部、胸部、腰部和骶部脊髓中硝基酪氨酸水平降低。
图9显示AAV4-GFP处理小鼠中绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达。在室内传递AAV4-GFP后GFP分布在脑室系统室管膜细胞层。
图10显示AAV4-GFP处理小鼠中绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达。在室内传递AAV4-GFP后GFP分布在脊髓中央管室管膜细胞层。
图11A显示室内注射AAV4-IGF-1处理的SOD小鼠组织的RT-PCR结果。测定B-肌动蛋白作为内对照。室内传递后在整个皮层、脑干和脊髓中检测载体。图11B显示室内注射AAV4-VEGF处理的SOD小鼠组织的RT-PCR结果。测定B-肌动蛋白作为内对照。室内传递AAV4-VEGF后在整个皮层、脑干和脊髓中检测载体。
图12显示接受室内给药编码绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)AAV4或编码VEGF165 AAV4的SOD1小鼠卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线(Kaplan-Meiersurvival curves)。观察到接受AAV4-VEGF小鼠中位数生存率的显著增加。
图13显示接受室内给药编码GFP AAV4与编码VEGF165 AAV4的SOD小鼠滚轮测试(rotatod,latency to fall落下的等待时间)比较。VEGF165接受者落下更渐进且更晚。图13也显示接受室内给药编码GFP AAV4与编码VEGF165 AAV4的SOD小鼠后肢力量的比较。VEGF165接受者更渐进且更晚地丧失力量。
表1-3提供了当具体实施方式使用多于1个基因时在本发明中使用的一些可能的基因对。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明更易理解,首先定义某些术语。其他的定义在整个详述中进行定义。
除非另有说明,本发明的实施将使用传统的免疫学、分子生物学、微生物学、细胞生物学和重组DNA的技术,这些均属于本领域的技能。参见例如,Sambrook,Fritsch和Maniatis,MOLECULAR CLONING:ALABORATORY MANUAL,第二版(1989);CURRENT PROTOCOLSIN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY(F.M.Ausubel等人编,(1987));METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY系列(Academic Press,Inc.):PCR2:A PRACTICAL APPROACH(MJ.MacPherson,B.D.Hames和G.R.Taylor编,(1995)),Harlow和Lane编,(1988)ANTIBODIES,ALABORATORY MANUAL和ANIMAL CELL CULTURE(R.I.Freshney编,(1987))。
正如在说明书和权利要求中所用的,单数形式“a”“an”和“the”包括复数关系,除非上下文清晰地表明。例如,术语“细胞”包括很多个细胞,包括其的混合物。
本文所用的术语“包括”是指,组合物和方法包括已述的要素,但不排除其他的要素。当用来定义组合物和方法时“基本上由…组成”将意味着排除任何其他的对组合而言是基本显著的成分的含义。这样,基本上由在本文中定义的元素组成的组合物将不会排除从分离和纯化方法中而来的痕量污染物和药学上可接受的载体,例如磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水、防腐剂,等等。“由…组成”将意味着排除其他成分和用于给药本发明的组合物的基本方法步骤的超过痕量的成分。被这些过渡术语的每一个术语所定义的具体实施方案都在本发明的范围之内。
所有以数字表示的指定(包括范围),例如pH、温度、时间、浓度和分子量,均是以(+)或(—)0.1增量变动的近似值。应当理解,尽管不总是明确的声明在所有以数字表示的指定前均加以术语“大约”。也应当理解,尽管不总是明确的声明在本文中描述的试剂仅是示例性的,以及这些试剂的等价物在本领域中是所共知的。
术语“转基因”是指被引入细胞并能被转录成RNA并能被可选地在适当的情况下翻译和/或进行表达的多核苷酸。在一个方面,该多核苷酸能给予其被引入的细胞所需的特性,或导致所希望的治疗或诊断结果。
参照病毒滴度所用的术语“基因组颗粒(gp)”或“基因组同等物”或“基因组拷贝”(gc)是指含有重组AAV DNA基因组的病毒粒子的数目,而不管其感染性或功能性。在特定的载体制备物中的基因组颗粒的数目可以通过诸如在本文的实施例中所描述的或例如,在Clark等人,(1999)Hum.Gene Ther.,10:1031-1039;Veldwijk等人,(2002)Mol.Ther.,6:272-278文献中的方法所测量。
参照病毒滴度使用的术语“感染单位(iu)”、“感染颗粒”或“复制单位”是指感染性的和能复制的重组AAV载体颗粒的数目,其可以通过例如在McLaughlin等人,(1988)J.Virol.,62:1963-1973的文章中描述的感染性中心试验也称为复制中心试验进行测量。
参照病毒滴度使用的术语“转导单元(tu)”是指导致功能性转基因产物生产的感染性重组AAV载体颗粒的数目,其可通过诸如在本文实施例中或例如在Xiao等人,(1997)Exp.Neurobiol.,144:113-124;或在Fisher等人,(1996)J.Virol.,70:520-532(LFU试验)文章中描述的功能性试验所测量。
术语“治疗的”、“治疗有效量”和其的相关词指导致受试者中产生保护或发病延迟或症状改善或达到预期的生物学结果,诸如神经病理学校正,例如伴随诸如ALS的运动神经元疾病的细胞病理学的RNA、DNA或DNA和/或RNA的表达产物的量。术语“治疗校正”指在受试者中产生保护或发病延迟或症状改善的校正程度。有效量能通过已知的经验方法进行测量。
“组合物”也意指包含有效试剂和其他载体的组合,例如,化合物或组合物,惰性的(例如,可检测的试剂或标记)或活性的,例如佐剂、稀释剂、结合剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、盐、亲脂溶剂、防腐剂、佐剂或等等。载体也包括药用赋形剂和添加剂蛋白质、肽、氨基酸、脂质和碳水化合物(例如,糖,包括单糖,二糖、三糖、四糖和寡糖;衍生糖,例如醛糖醇、醛糖酸、酯化糖等等和多糖或糖聚合物),其能单独或以组合形式存在,由单独或以组合形式的1-99.99%的重量比或体积比组成。示例性的蛋白质赋形剂包括血清白蛋白,例如人血清白蛋白(HAS)、重组人白蛋白(rHA)、明胶、酪蛋白等等。代表性的氨基酸/抗体组分,其在缓冲液(buffering capacity)中也能起作用,包括丙氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、甜菜碱、组氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬甜二肽等等。碳水化合物赋形剂也包括在本发明的范围内,其范例包括但不限定于单糖,例如果糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、D-甘露糖、山梨糖等等;二糖,例如乳糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、纤维双糖等等;多糖,例如棉子糖、松三糖、糊精-麦芽糖合剂、葡聚糖、淀粉等等和醛糖醇,例如甘露醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇(maltitol)、拉克替醇、木糖醇山梨糖醇(山梨醇)和肌醇。
术语载体此外还包括缓冲液或pH调节剂;典型地,缓冲液是从有机酸或碱制备而来的盐。代表性的缓冲液包括有机酸盐,例如柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、葡萄糖酸、碳酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、醋酸,或邻苯二甲酸的盐;Tris,盐酸氨基丁三醇,或磷酸缓冲液。另外的载体包括多聚物赋形剂/添加剂,例如聚乙烯吡咯酮、聚蔗糖(一种多聚的糖)、葡聚糖结合剂(例如环糊精,例如2-羟丙基-正交-环糊精)、聚乙烯乙二醇、调味剂、抗菌剂、增甜剂、抗氧化剂、拮抗剂、表面活化剂(例如聚山梨酯,例如“吐温20”和“吐温80”)、脂质(例如磷脂,脂肪酸)、类固醇(例如,胆固醇)和鳌合剂(例如,EDTA)。
如本文所用的,术语“药学上可接受的载体”包括任何标准的药用载体,例如磷酸盐缓冲溶液、水和乳状液,例如油/水或水/油乳状液和各种类型的润湿剂。组合物也能包括稳定剂和防腐剂和满足可用于体内的任何上面所提及的载体,只要它们可用于体内。载体、稳定剂和佐剂的范例可参见Martin REMINGTON′S PHARM.SCI.,15thEd.(Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,(1975)和Williams & Williams,(1995),“PHYSICIAN′S DESK REFERENCE”,52nd ed.,MedicalEconomics,Montvale,NJ.(1998)。载体也可包括人工脑脊液(aCSF)。
“受试者”、“个体”或“患者”在此处可替换使用,其指脊椎动物,优选哺乳动物,更优选人类。哺乳动物包括,但不限于,小鼠、大鼠、猿猴、人、农场动物、运动动物和宠物。
“对照”是实验中用于对照目的的选择性受试者或样品。对照可以是“阳性”或“阴性”的。例如,在实验目的是测定基因改变的表达水平同特定类型的病理间的相互关系时(参见ALS,例如,下文),通常更优选使用阳性对照(带有这样的改变和表现出那种疾病症状特征的受试者或从受试者而来的样品),和阴性对照(缺乏改变的表达和那种疾病临床特征的受试者或从受试者而来的样品)。
当用于基因时,术语“差异性表达的”指从基因转录的mRNA或该基因编码的蛋白质产物的差异性生产。同正常或对照细胞的表达水平相比较,差异性表达的基因可能是过表达(overexpress)或低表达(underexpress)。一方面,它指比在对照样品中检测到的表达水平高或低至少1.5倍,或至少2.5倍,或可选择的至少5倍,或可选择的至少10倍的差异。术语“差异性表达的”也指细胞或组织中的核苷酸序列,这些序列在对照细胞中沉默时表达或在对照细胞中表达时不表达。
本文中所使用的,术语“调节”指改变效应或结果的数量或强度,例如增强、扩大、减小或减少。
本文中所使用的术语“改善”与“减轻”是同义的,指减少或减轻。例如,一个人可能通过使疾病或失调变得更可忍受而改善疾病或失调的症状。
对于人脑结构的确定,参见,例如The Human Brain:Surface,Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy With MRI and Blood Supply,第2版,Deuteron等人编,Springer Vela,1999;Atlas of the Human Brain,Mai等人编,Academic Press,1997;和Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of theHuman Brain:3-Dimensional Proportional System:An Approach toCerebral Imaging,Tamarack等人编,Thyme Medical Pub.,1988。对于小鼠脑结构的鉴定,参见,例如The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates,第2版,Academic Press,2000。
脑室内或室内传递重组病毒载体可在任何一个或多个脑室进行,所述脑室充满脑脊液(CSF)。CSF为一种填充所述室的澄清液体,存在于蛛网膜下腔,并包围脑和脊髓。CSF由脉络丛产生,并经由渗出或脑组织液的传递进入所述室。脉络丛是侧脑室底层和第三和第四脑室顶层的结构性内层。某些研究表明这些结构每天能够产生400-600ccs的分泌液,相当于每天的总量填充中枢神经系统间隙四次。在成年人中,该分泌液的体积计算为125至150ml(4-5oz)。CSF为连续形成、循环并吸收。某些研究表明每天可以产生约430至450ml(接近2杯)的CSF。某些计算估计在成年人中产量为约0.35ml每分钟,在婴儿中为0.15每分钟。侧脑室的脉络丛产生大部分CSF。其流过室间孔进入第三脑室,加入第三脑室的产物之中,并继续向下流过中脑水管(the aqueduct of Sylvius),进入第四脑室。第四脑室加入更多的CSF;然后,该液体经过正中孔和外侧孔流入蛛网膜下腔。然后,其在整个脑底循环,下至脊髓周围,上至大脑半球。CSF经由蛛网膜绒毛和颅内脉管窦排入血液中。
在基因传递是被DNA病毒载体,例如腺病毒(Ad)或腺伴随病毒(AAV)介导的方面,载体构建物指含有病毒基因组或其的部分和转基因的多核苷酸。腺病毒(Ads)是一类被相对好地表征的同族病毒,包括超过50个血清型。参见,例如国际PCT申请No.WO 95/27071。Ads易于生长,并且不需要整合到宿主细胞的基因组中。重组Ad衍生的载体,特别那些降低了重组和产生野生型病毒可能的载体,也已经被构建出。参见,国际PCT申请号WO 95/00655和WO 95/11984。野生型AAV具有很高的侵染性和特异地整合到宿主细胞基因组中。参见Hermonat和Muzyczka,(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81:6466-6470和Lebkowski等人,(1988)Mol.Cell.Biol.8:3988-3996。
在一个方面,本发明提供一种通过室内给药(intraventricularadministration)含有IGF-1转基因的重组的亲神经的(neurotropic)病毒载体将转基因传递到受试者脑的方法。该传递在有利于转基因在室管膜细胞表达的情况下进行。
另一方面,本发明提供一种传递治疗性转基因产物到CNS目标细胞的方法,这些目标细胞是经受例如ALS或创伤性脊髓伤害等运动神经元失调症的哺乳动物的神经元或神经胶质细胞。转基因可以是IGF-1。转基因可通过亲神经病毒给予。所述的病毒可通过脑室给予。可转导室管膜细胞以表达所述的转基因并分泌所编码的蛋白产物。
在另一个具体实施方案中,本发明是一种通过室内给药含有治疗性转基因的重组亲神经的病毒载体至该受试者的脑以治疗受试者运动神经元失调症的方法,其中所述的转基因在受试者中以治疗有效量表达。
本发明也是一种通过室内给药含有治疗性转基因的重组亲神经的病毒载体至脑以改善受试者运动神经元失调症症状的方法,其中所述的转基因在受试者中以治疗有效量表达。
本发明的实施的合适亲神经的病毒载体包括,但不限于腺伴随病毒载体(AAV),单纯疱疹病毒载体(美国专利No.5,672,344)和慢病毒载体。
在本发明的方法中,任何血清型的AAV均能使用。在本发明某些具体实施方案中使用的病毒载体的血清型选自AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7或AAV8(参见,Gao等人,(2002)PNAS,99:11854-11859和Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy:Methods andProtocols,编者Machida,Humana Press,2003)。除了此处所列的那些病毒载体外的其他血清型也能使用。此外,假模标本AAV载体也可能用于此处所描述的方法。假模标本AAV载体是在第二个AAV血清型的衣壳内含有一个AAV血清型的基因组;例如,含有AAV2衣壳和AAV1基因组的AAV载体或含有AAV5衣壳和AAV2基因组的AAV载体(Auricchio等人,(2001)Hum.Mol.Genet.,10(26):3075-81)。
AAV载体起源于对哺乳动物不致病的单链(SS)DNA细小病毒组(在Muzyscka,(1992)Curr.Top.Microb.Immunol.,158:97-129中进行了综述)。简单而言,基于重组AAV的载体的占(account for)去除的病毒基因组的96%功能的rep和cap病毒基因,留下两段145碱基对(bp)的反向远端重复(ITRs),其用于启动病毒DNA复制、包装和整合。在缺少辅助病毒时,野生型AAV整合到人宿主细胞基因组,其具有在染色体19q 13.3的优先位点特异性,或其可能保留游离表达。单个的AAV颗粒能容纳长达5kb的ssDNA,因此为转基因和调控元件留下了大约4.5kb的空间,这通常是足够的。然而,如例如在美国专利No.6,544,785里描述的分子间拼接系统可能将近是这个限制的两倍。
在一个示例性具体实施方案中,AAV是AAV4。许多血清型的腺伴随病毒,特别是AAV2已经被广泛的研究并被表征成基因治疗载体。本领域技术人员熟悉基于AAV的功能性基因治疗载体的制备。关于用于给药人类受试者的AAV生产、纯化和制备的无数方法的无数文献能在巨大数量的出版文献中找到(参见,例如,Viral Vectors for GeneTherapy:Methods and Protocols,编者Machida,Humana Press,2003)。另外,针对CNS的细胞的基于AAV的基因治疗已经在美国专利号Nos.6,180,613和6,503,888中进行了描述。另外的示例性AAV载体是编码人类蛋白的重组AAV2/1、AAV2/2、AAV2/5、AAV2/7和AAV2/8血清型载体。
在本发明的某些方法中,载体包括可操作的连接到启动子的转基因。这个转基因编码具有生物活性的分子,其在CNS的表达导致至少部分神经病理学的校正和/或疾病进展的稳定。转基因可以是胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(Ciliary neurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(sonic hedgehog,shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin)、催乳素(prolactin)、生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)、血管生成素(angiogenin)和胎盘催乳素(placenta lactogen)。
在本发明一些方法中,该载体包括一个以上转基因,其中每个转基因可操作的连接到启动子以便从单个AAV载体表达一个以上转基因。在另一些方法中,所述的多个转基因可以可操作的连接到相同的启动子。每个转基因编码生物活性分子,其在CNS的表达导致至少部分神经病理学校正。另外,在传递一个以上的转基因的例子中,该转基因可通过一个以上AAV载体传递,其中每个AAV载体包括可操作的连接到启动子的转基因。该转基因可选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(Ciliary neurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(sonic hedgehog,shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin)、催乳素(prolactin)、生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)、血管生成素(angiogenin)或胎盘催乳素(placentalactogen)。例如,所述的多个转基因可包括VEGF如VEGF165和IGF-1。
胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)基因具有复杂的结构,这是本领域所熟知的。其至少含有两个从基因转录本而来的选择性拼接的mRNA产物。一个是153个氨基酸的肽,通过包括IGF-1 A或IGF-1 Ea在内的多个名字被知晓,一个是195个氨基酸的肽,通过包括IGF-1 B或IGF-1Eb在内的多个名字被知晓。在人类中Eb形式也被称为Ec。IGF-1的成熟形式是70个氨基酸的多肽。IGF-1 Ea和IGF-1 Eb都含有这个70个氨基酸的成熟肽,但在其的羧末端延长的序列和长度上有所区别。IGF-1 Ea和IGF-1 Eb的肽序列分别被SEQ ID NO:1和2所表示。人IGF-1的基因组的和功能性的cDNAs,以及其他的关于IGF-1基因及其产物的信息,可在Unigene登入号No.NM_00618得到。IGF-1蛋白可具有如SEQ ID NO:3所示的序列或其等位变体(allelic variants)。等位变体可有单个或少量氨基酸残基的差异,典型的少于5个,少于4个,少于3个残基。可修饰IGF-1蛋白序列以包括如SEQ ID NO:4所示的TAT转导结构域(YGRKKRRQRRR)。
尽管没有完全了解其功能,钙结合蛋白D28K(也称为钙结合蛋白D28)和小清蛋白是钙结合蛋白,有理论认为其涉及钙缓冲。未局限于理论,有证据表明钙稳态在ALS受试者中改变了。有证据表明低水平的钙结合蛋白D28K和/或小清蛋白可通过降低运动神经元处理增加的钙负荷的能力而增加ALS中运动神经元的易损性(vulnerability)。这种降低可导致细胞损伤和最终的运动神经元死亡。更多证据表明富含钙结合蛋白如钙结合蛋白D28K和小清蛋白的神经元可抵抗退化。
HIF-1是由两个亚单位组成的异二聚体蛋白:(i)组成型表达的β亚单位,也称为芳烃核转位蛋白(aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator,ARNT),(其他相关转录因子(例如二噁英/芳烃受体(dioxin/arylhydrocarbon receptor,DR/AhR))也含有该亚单位);和(ii)α亚单位(见例如WO 96/39426,国际申请PCT/US96/10251描述了HIF-1α的最近的亲和纯化和分子克隆),其积累被翻译后机制调节以使得高水平的α亚单位只能在低氧状态下检测到。两个亚单位都是碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(bHLH)-PAS转录因子家族的成员。这些结构域调节DNA结合和二聚体化。转激活结构域位于该蛋白的C末端。碱性区有大约15个负责指导DNA结合的主要碱性氨基酸组成。该区邻近两个被可变长度的环分隔的两性α螺旋,所述的环形成家族成员间主要的二聚体化界面(Moore,A.W.,等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97:10436-41(2000))。PAS结构域,由其鉴定时最初三个蛋白而得名(Per,ARNT和Sim),包括包含两个不十分保守的大部分疏水的约50个氨基酸的命名为PASA和PAS B的区的200-300个氨基酸。HIF-1α亚单位在正常含氧状态下不稳定,在正常含氧水平下培养细胞中过量表达该亚单位能够诱导一般由低氧诱导的基因表达。另一策略为修饰HIF-1α亚单位使其不再被正常含氧状态去稳定从而在一定含氧范围状态下更强。可通过设计用来自于转录激活子蛋白例如单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)VP16、NFκB或酵母转录因子GAL4和GCN4的强转激活结构域替换低氧诱导因子蛋白的C末端(或转激活)区从而在正常含氧状态下稳定该蛋白,并提供强的,组成性的转录激活。为了在正常含氧状态下稳定低氧诱导因子蛋白,并提供强的,组成性的转录激活,构建由HIF-1α的DNA结合和二聚体化结构域与单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)VP16蛋白的转激活结构域组成的杂合/嵌合融合蛋白。将该杂合/嵌合体通过基因治疗给药至受试者细胞中,诱导一般在对低氧应答时上调的基因(即VEGF等等)表达。已经表明组成型稳定的杂合体HIF-1α在治疗局部缺血患者中有效(美国专利6,432,927和7,053,062,两者全部并入本文作为参考)。
血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族成员是最强的血管生物学调节子之一。它们调节血管发生、血管形成和血管维持。VEGF165是VEGF家族中的一个如上所述的成员,可用于本发明。
脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA)(一种常染色体隐性神经肌肉障碍)的分子基础为纯和性丧失存活的运动神经元基因1(motor neuron gene 1,SMN1)。SMN1基因的一个几乎相同的拷贝,称为SMN2调节疾病的严重程度。然而,两个基因之间的功能区别为破坏外显子的剪接增强子的翻译沉默突变,导致在大多数SMN2转录本中跳过外显子7。仅10%的SMN2转录本编码与SMN1相同的功能性全长蛋白。SMN蛋白的作用已经非常确定,其在剪接体组装中起作用并也可能介导mRNA在轴突和神经元的神经末梢中运输。
CNTF(Ciliary neurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)是周围神经和中枢神经系统中的胶质细胞表达的神经细胞因子。一般认为CNTF在非神经元和神经元细胞类型的支持和存活中有功能。见例如Vergara,C和Ramirez,B;Brain Res,Brain Res.Rev.2004;47:161-73。
音猬蛋白(Sonic hedgehog,Shh)控制重要的发育过程,包括神经元和胶质细胞存活。
红细胞生成素(EPO)是红系祖细胞的主要调节子。然而,其在神经系统功能性表达并且已经报道具有神经保护作用。见例如Bartesaghi,S.,2005.Neurotoxicology,26:923-8。
赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)氧化肽酰赖氨酸侧链从而将一些赖氨酸残基转化为α-氨基己二酸-δ-半醛。这是一种翻译后改变,例如可使胶原和弹性蛋白的构成链形成共价交联。其稳定这些蛋白在细胞外基质中的纤维性沉积。LOX也可氧化多种阳离子蛋白中的赖氨酸,这表明其功能比稳定细胞外基质更广泛。LOX作为前蛋白合成;从细胞作为LOX前体出现,通过蛋白水解加工成活性酶。见例如Lucero,HA和Kagan,HM,Cell Mol.Life Sci.2006;63(19-20):2304-16。
颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin,PGRN)为一种多效性蛋白,最近发现该基因的突变导致额颞叶退化,已经引起了神经科学研究领域人员的关注。中枢神经系统的PGRN由小神经胶质细胞和神经元表达,在脑发育中起作用。PGRN也涉及多种“组织建模”过程,包括发育、损伤修复和肿瘤发生。PGRN由弹性蛋白酶转化成颗粒蛋白(GRN)。虽然颗粒蛋白前体有营养特性,GRNs与炎性介质更类似。CNS疾病动物模型的基因表达研究显示与小神经胶质细胞活化和炎症相关的PRGN表达的差异性增加。暗示PGRN表达的增加与小神经胶质细胞的活化和神经炎症密切相关。此外,在许多神经退行性疾病包括运动神经元疾病和阿尔茨海默病中活化的小神经胶质细胞中增加PGRN的表达。研究已经确定PGRN的突变是神经退行性疾病的原因,表明PGRN的功能对神经存活的重要性。
催乳素(prolactin)和胎盘催乳素(placenta lactogen):少突胶质细胞,CNS的髓鞘形成细胞,在整个成年期继续由少突胶质细胞前体细胞(OPCs)产生(Gensert和Goldman,1997;Levison等人,1999;Menn等人,2006;Peters和Sethares,2004),且是成人CNS中髓磷脂损伤的内源性修复所需要的(Polito和Reynolds,2005)。在成人CNS中调节OPC增殖和新的髓鞘形成少突胶质细胞的产生的生理事件大部分是已知的。
最近已经报道患有多发性硬化症(一种髓鞘脱失疾病)的患者在孕三期中回复率降低暗示激素影响少突胶质细胞的产生(Confavreux等人,1998;Voskuhl,2003)。MS患者的好转与活性白质损伤的数目和大小有关(van Walderveen等人,1994)。有趣的是,小鼠受孕导致母体CNS内新少突胶质细胞的产生和有髓鞘轴突数目的增加(Gregg等人,2007)。已经表明在孕终期达到高峰的激素催乳素调节孕期OPC的增殖,且在处女雌性小鼠中促进白质修复(Gregg等人,2007)。
有理由相信人类胎盘催乳素(hPL),一种也在孕三期达到高峰的激素(Selenkow等人,1969),也可能对少突胶质细胞的产生有相似的影响。hPL有一些性质上与人类生长激素(hGH)和催乳素相似的生物活性(Lesniak等人,1977),似乎是IGF-1产生的主要调节子(Handwerger等人,1992;Zimkeller,2000;Handwerger等人,2000)。已经表明hGH和IGF-1都是成人CNS髓鞘形成的刺激因子(Carson等人,1993;Peltwon等人,1977)。因此,涉及髓鞘脱失的CNS疾病如MS、ALS、中风和脊髓损伤的治疗可得益于基于PRL或hPL的室内注射表达rhPRL或hPL的病毒载体的疗法。
生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)是1999年认识到的作为生长激素释放的介质的胃分泌激素。见例如Wu,JT等人,2004;Ann.Surg.239:464。
神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)是丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族的成员。在一些中枢神经系统疾病中,神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂能够通过阻止tPA的效应起神经保护作用。见例如Galliciotti,G和Sonderegger,P,2006,Front Biosci 11:33;Simonin,Y等人,2006,JNeurosci;26:10614;Miranda,E和Lomas,DA,2006,Cell Mol Life Sci63:709。
血管生成素(angiogenin)是RNAse超家族的成员。它是循环的正常组分但也已表明是运动神经元障碍的风险因子。
未局限于理论,IGF-1由于对不同水平的神经轴具有许多好处,因此是治疗ASL的治疗性蛋白(参见Dore等人,Trends Neurosci,1997,20:326-331)。在大脑中:其被认为能降低神经元和神经胶质的编程性死亡,保护神经元免受由铁元素、秋水仙素、钙失稳剂、超氧化物和细胞因子诱发的毒性。其也被认为能调节神经递质乙酰胆碱和谷氨酸的释放。其也被认为能诱导神经微丝、微管蛋白和髓磷脂碱蛋白的表达。在脊髓中:IGF-1被认为能调节ChAT活性并减弱胆碱能表型的丧失,增强运动神经元萌芽,增加髓鞘形成,抑制脱髓鞘,刺激运动神经元从前体细胞的繁殖和分化,并促进神经鞘细胞分裂、成熟和生长。在肌肉中:IGF-1被认为能诱导神经肌肉接点处乙酰胆碱受体聚束形成并增强神经肌肉功能和肌肉力量。
在真核细胞中转基因表达的水平主要由在转基因表达框内的转录启动子决定。显示出长期的活性并是组织-和甚至细胞-特异的启动子用于某些具体实施方案中。非限制性的启动子例子包括,但不限于,细胞巨化病毒(CMV)启动子(Kaplitt等人,(1994)Nat.Genet.8:148-154),CMV/人β3-珠蛋白启动子(Mandel等人,(1998)J.Neurosci.18:4271-4284),GFAP启动子(Xu等人,(2001)Gene Ther.8:1323-1332),1.8kb特异性神经元烯醇酶(NSE)启动子(Klein等人,(1998)Exp.Neurol.150:183-194),鸡β肌动蛋白(CBA)启动子(Miyazaki,(1989)Gene 79:269-277),β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUSB)启动子(Shipley等人,(1991)Genetics 10:1009-1018)和例如那些从人泛素A、人泛素B和人泛素C分离而来的泛素启动子,在美国专利No.6,667,174中对此有描述。为了延长表达,其他的调控元件可能被额外的连接到转基因上,诸如,例如,土拨鼠肝炎病毒后调控元件(WPRE)(Donello等人,(1998)J.Virol.72:5085-5092)或牛生长激素(BGH)多核苷酸化位点。
对于某些CNS基因治疗应用,控制转录活性可能是必须的。为了这个目标,用病毒载体进行基因表达的药理学调控能通过包括各种调控元件和药物敏感启动子,例如,在Haberma等人,(1998)Gene Ther.5:1604-16011和Ye等人,(1995)Science 283:88-91所描述的而获得。
在某些具体实施方案中,组合物中载体的浓度至少是:(a)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×1012gp/ml);(b)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×109tu/ml);或(c)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×1010iu/ml)。
在一个方面,转基因编码生物活性分子,该分子在CNS的表达导致至少部分神经病理学的校正和/或疾病进展的稳定。在某些具体实施方案中,治疗性转基因产物是减轻和/或预防ALS的症状的IGF-1蛋白。参见Roaul等人,(2005)Nat.Med.11(4):423-428和Ralph等人,(2005)Nat.Med.11(4):429-433。在其他方面,编码两个转基因,例如IGF-1和VEGF,其在CNS中的表达导致至少部分神经病理学的校正如减轻和/或预防和/或稳定和/或延缓ALS的症状的进展。
在实施这些方法的一个方面,转基因表达治疗量的胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(Ciliary neurotrophic factor,睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(sonic hedgehog,shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体(progranulin)、催乳素(prolactin)、生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(neuroserpin)、血管生成素(angiogenin)和胎盘催乳素(placenta lactogen)。
对于人脑结构的确定,参见,例如The Human Brain:Surface,Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy With MRI和Blood Supply,第2版,Deuteron等人编,Springer Vela,1999;Atlas of the Human Brain,Mai等人编,Academic Press,1997;和Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of theHuman Brain:3-Dimensional Proportional System:An Approach toCerebral Imaging,Tamarack等人编,Thyme Medical Pub.,1988。对于小鼠脑结构的鉴定,参见,例如The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates,第2版,Academic Press,2000。
为将含有病毒载体的溶液或其他组合物特别地传递到中枢神经系统的特定区,如特定脑室,例如脑的侧脑室或第四脑室,可通过立体定位微注射给药(stereotaxic microinjection)。例如,手术当天,安装好患者的立体定位架(旋拧入头盖骨)。使用高分辨率的核磁共振对带有立体定位架(MRI相匹配的可信标签)的脑部成像。核磁共振图像传送到运行立体定位软件的电脑。使用一系列冠状、矢状和轴向图像确定载体注射的靶位和轨迹。这个软件能直接将轨迹转换成与立体定位架相匹配的三维形式。在头颅进入部位上方钻孔(burr hole),立体定位仪用植入在设定深度的针定位。然后,注入在药学可接受的载体中的载体溶液。也可能使用额外的给药途径,例如可直接目视下的皮质表层给药方式,或其他非脑功能区定位应用。
传递病毒载体的一种方式是使用泵。这样的泵为市售获得的,例如来自于Alzet(Cupertino,CA)或Medtronic(Minneapolis,MN)。所述泵可为可植入的。给予所述载体的另一种方便的方式是使用套管或导管。
本发明提供了调节、校正或增进经受运动神经元损伤折磨的受试者的运动功能。仅为了说明的目的,受试者可能遭受肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、脊髓延髓肌萎缩、脊髓性肌萎缩、脊髓小脑性共济失调、原发性侧索硬化(PLS)或外伤性脊髓损伤中的一种或多种。
未局限于理论,伴随运动神经元损伤的病理可能包括运动神经元退化、神经胶质病、神经微丝异常、皮质脊髓束和前根中有髓鞘神经纤维的丧失。两种类型的发病已经被认识:影响上运动神经元(皮质和脑干运动神经元)的延髓发病影响面部肌肉、语言和吞咽;影响下位运动神经元(脊髓运动神经元)的四肢发病表现在痉挛、全身虚弱、肌萎缩、瘫痪和呼吸衰竭。在ALS中,受试者同时具有延髓和四肢发病。在PLS中,受试者具有延髓发病。
组织并执行复杂的运动动作的能力依赖于从大脑皮层运动区域,即运动皮层而来的信号。皮质运动命令从两条通道传下。皮质延髓纤维控制脑干里移动面部肌肉的运动核,皮质脊髓纤维控制支配躯干和四肢肌肉的脊髓运动神经元。大脑皮质也通过作用于下行脑干途径间接地影响脊髓运动活性。
初级运动皮质位于Broadmann区的中央前回(4)。投射到脊髓的皮质神经元的轴突也在含有大约1百万根轴突的大量纤维束的皮质延髓束里运转。这些轴突的大约1/3起源于额叶的中央前回。另外的1/3起源于区域6。剩下的起源于躯体感觉皮层的区域3、2和1并通过背角调节向中枢的输入的传递。
皮质脊髓纤维束通过内囊的后肢同皮质延髓纤维束共同运转,来到达中脑的腹部。其在脑桥中分离成经过脑桥核的小纤维束。其在髓质中重组来形成延髓锥体。大约3/4的皮质脊髓纤维交叉通过在髓质和脊髓的接合处部位的锥体交叉中的正中线。交叉通过的纤维在脊髓侧柱(背外侧束)的背部的部分下行,形成皮质延髓侧束。未交叉通过的纤维在腹柱下行成为皮质延髓腹侧束。
皮质脊髓束的侧部和腹部区域大约在同脑干外侧和中间系统相同的脊髓灰质的区域终结。外侧皮质脊髓束主要投射到腹角的外侧部分里的运动核和中间区的中间神经元。腹部皮质脊髓束双向投射到腹内侧细胞柱和含有神经支配中轴肌肉的运动神经元的中间区域的毗邻部分。
如需要,人类大脑结构能同其他哺乳动物大脑的相似结构联系起来。例如,大多数的哺乳动物,包括人和啮齿类动物,显示了内嗅-海马投射的相似的分区机体组成,具有在投射到海马的背部或间隔杆的外侧和内侧内嗅皮层的外侧部的神经元,然而到腹部海马的投射主要起源于内嗅皮层的内侧部分的神经元(Principles of Neural Science,4thed.,编者Kandel等人,McGraw-Hill,1991;The Rat Nervous System,2nd ed.,编者Paxinos,Academic Press,1995)。此外,内嗅皮层的II层细胞投射到齿状回,其在齿状回分子层的外2/3处终结。从III层细胞而来的轴突双向投射到海马的海马角区域CA1和CA3,在腔隙层分子层终结。
在一个方面,披露的方法包括将携带编码治疗性产物的转基因的亲神经的病毒载体给药到受折磨的受试者的CNS并允许转基因在给药位点附近的CNS中以足以发挥治疗效果的水平表达(当表达的蛋白通过CSF运输到整个CNS)。另外,载体可能包含编码有效治疗CNS失调的生物活性分子的多核苷酸。这样的生物活性分子可包含肽,包括但不限于全长蛋白质的天然或突变形式,蛋白片段的天然或突变形式,合成多肽。
在一个示例性具体实施方案中,通过直接注射高滴度载体溶液到受试者或患者的一个或更多的脑的脑室间隙(ventricular spaces)实现给药。例如通过直接单剂量注射(bolus injection)到脑的一个或更多脑室如侧脑室和第四脑室实现给药。
在某些具体实施方案中,方法包含高滴度的携带治疗性转基因的亲神经的载体的给药方法,以便转基因产物在CNS中远离最终该表达产物发挥作用的位点的第一位点以治疗水平表达。在某些具体实施方案中,组合物中病毒的滴度至少是:(a)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×1012gp/ml);(b)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×109tu/ml);或(c)5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25或50(×1010iu/ml)。
在实验小鼠中,注射的AAV溶液的总体积是,例如,在1到20ul。对于其他哺乳动物,包括人类大脑,体积和传递比率被适当界定(scale)。例如,已经证明,150ul体积能被安全地注射到灵长类动物的大脑中(Janson等人,(2002)Hum.Gene Ther.,13:1391-1412)。治疗可能包含每个目标位点单次注射或可在一个或更多脑室重复。适当的脑室包括侧脑室、第三脑室和第四脑室。多个注射位点能被使用。例如,在某些具体实施方案中,除了第一次的给药位点外,含有携带转基因的病毒载体的组合物被给药到第一个给药位点对侧或同侧的另一个位点。注射能是单次或多次,单侧或双侧。
高滴度AAV制备物能通过使用本领域已知技术,例如,在美国专利No.5,658,776和Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy:Methods andProtocols,编者Machida,Humana Press,2003中描述的技术进行生产。
下面的实施例提供了本发明说明性的具体实施方案。本领域技术人员将识别无数的可能被实施而不改变本发明的精神或范围的修改和变化。这样的修改和变化包括在本发明的范围内。这些实施例不是对本发明的限制。
实施例
重组载体的滴定
AAV载体的滴度根据基因组拷贝数目(每毫升中基因组颗粒数)来测量。基因组颗粒浓度基于载体DNA的PCR,如先前所报道的(Clark等人,(1999)Hum.Gene Ther.,10:1031-1039;Veldwijk等人,(2002)Mol.Ther,6:272-278)。
携带能检测的标记基因,例如β-半乳糖苷酶(Lac Z)或绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)的载体能通过使用一种侵染性实验进行滴度测定。易感细胞(例如HeLa或COS细胞)用AAV进行转导,然后进行诸如用X-gal(5-溴-4氯-3吲哚-β-D-半乳糖苷)进行的β-半乳糖苷酶载体转导的细胞的染色或针对GFP转导的细胞的荧光显微术的实验来测定基因表达。例如,实验可以如下进行:4×104个HeLa细胞接种在使用正常生长培养基的24孔培养板的每一个孔中。在吸附后,即大约24小时后,细胞用Ad5型以感染复数(MOI)10进行侵染并用包装的载体的梯度稀释物进行转导,然后在37℃进行孵育。一到三天后,在广泛的细胞病变效应被观察到前,在细胞上进行恰当的实验(例如,X-gal染色或荧光显微术)。假如使用了诸如β-半乳糖苷酶的报告基因,细胞在2%多聚甲醛、0.5%戊二醛的溶液中固定并用X-gal进行β-半乳糖苷酶的染色。提供分离良好的细胞的载体稀释物被进行计数。每一个阳性细胞代表载体的一个转导单位(tu)。
肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)的治疗相关模型
肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)是致命的神经变性疾病,其特点是皮层、脑干和脊髓中运动神经元的选择性丧失。该病的进展能导致四肢、轴和呼吸肌的肌萎缩。运动神经元细胞死亡伴随着反应性神经胶质瘤病、神经微丝异常和皮质脊髓束及腹根1-6中巨大有髓鞘神经纤维的显著损失。尽管对ALS的病原学所知甚少,积累的证据表明,散发的(SALS)和家族性(FALS)ALS具有许多相似的病理特征;这样,提供了其中一种类型疾病的研究将导致一种共同治疗方法的希望7。FALS大约占诊断病例的10%,其20%伴随Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)8的显性遗传突变。表达突变人SOD1蛋白的转基因鼠(例如SOD1G93A小鼠)再现了ALS的许多病理特征,是研究ALS的一种有效动物模型9。对于SALS,无数的病理机制已经牵扯到下面的原因,包括谷氨酸诱导的兴奋性中毒、毒素接触、蛋白酶体异常、线粒体损伤、神经微丝分裂和神经营养支持的丧失10,11。
截至目前,尚无ALS的有效治疗方法。诸如胰岛素生长因子1(IGF-1)的神经营养因子由于其在ALS治疗上的潜在有用性已经被广泛研究。病毒载体到联接脑干和脊髓运动神经元的CNS区域的颅内传递(能进行轴突运输的)提供了给药潜在治疗药物,诸如IGF-1,到那些通过在先的技术方法很难到达的区域的方法。
未局限于理论,IGF-1由于对不同水平的神经轴具有许多好处,因此是治疗ASL的治疗性蛋白(参见Dore等人,Trends Neurosci,1997,20:326-331)。在大脑中:其被认为能降低神经元和神经胶质的编程性死亡,保护神经元免受由铁元素、秋水仙素、钙失稳剂、超氧化物和细胞因子诱发的毒性。其也被认为能调节神经递质乙酰胆碱和谷氨酸的释放。其也被认为能诱导神经微丝、微管蛋白和髓磷脂碱蛋白的表达。在脊髓中:IGF-1被认为能调节ChAT活性并减弱胆碱能表型的丧失,增强运动神经元萌芽,增加髓鞘形成,抑制脱髓鞘,刺激运动神经元从前体细胞的繁殖和分化,并促进神经鞘细胞分裂、成熟和生长。在肌肉中:IGF-1被认为能诱导神经肌肉接点处乙酰胆碱受体聚束形成并增强神经肌肉功能和肌肉力量。在下述实验中,使用了该蛋白的IGF-1 Ea形式。
实施例1:AAV4-IGF-1的脑室内传递
我们进行了实验以确定是否室内传递AAV4-IGF-1导致(1)显著延长寿命;(2)在摇摆滚轮(rotarod)和握力任务中的表现改善;和(3)在脑干和脊髓中神经病理学的降低(即神经胶质增生的减轻和运动神经元存活的提高)。
有症状的SOD1小鼠(即90天龄)用AAV4-IGF-1或AAV4-Bgal对照载体(Bgal也称为Lac Z)处理。对每只小鼠,使用立体定位支架注射载体至侧脑室(A-P:-.3从前囟,M-L:-1.0从前囱,D-V:-2.0从硬膜,门牙杆:0.0)和第四脑室(A-P:-5.90从前囟,M-L:-0.0从前囱,D-V:-2.9从硬膜,门牙杆:0.0)。载体用10ul哈密尔顿注射器将每个脑室总共1.80×1010个的基因组拷贝以0.5ul/分钟的速率进行递送。每一个载体的最终的注射体积为10ul/脑室。在110天龄或最后阶段,每个处理组的4只小鼠被处死以进行组织学分析(即脑干和脊髓中GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)染色和MN计数)。进行评价的终点指标包括存活分析、摇摆滚轮、后肢和前肢握力测试以及体重。
运动功能测试使用摇摆滚轮装置和握力计(Columbus Instruments,Columbus,OH),可开始于70天龄。每个每周实验期可由以5rpm/min开始的在提高的加速滚轮上进行的三次试验组成。每只小鼠在滚轮上停留的时间可自动记录。握力计测试可通过使动物握住平台然后拉扯动物直至其松开平台来进行:记录四次独立的试验中力的测量值。疾病相关的虚弱的发病定义为通过两次独立的观察评定的后肢表现出肌肉虚弱和肢在滚轮上拖动。为了以可靠和人道的方式确定死亡率,我们使用了人造终点指标,其被定义为在侧面放置后小鼠不能恢复正面30秒。
与作为对照的接受AAV4-Bgal的小鼠相比,脑室内传递AAV4-IGF-1显著地延长了SOD1小鼠的寿命。AAV4-Bgal处理的小鼠中位数存活时间为121天,与其相比,接受AAV4-IGF-1小鼠的中位数存活时间为141.5天(图1)。与对照处理的小鼠相比,AAV4-IGF-1处理SOD1小鼠通过摇摆滚轮测试、前肢力量和后肢力量测定的功能结果有改善。结果显示于图1-5。
为胶质细胞增生的标记,也是ALS的病理标志的GFAP的组织学评估证明,与AAV4-Bgal处理的对照小鼠相比,AAV4-IGF-1处理的小鼠中星形胶质细胞增生显著降低。在CNS的脑干区(例如三叉神经核、面神经核和舌下神经核;图6)和腹侧脊髓(例如颈部、胸部、腰部、骶部;图7)都观察到了这种降低。
为过氧化亚硝酸盐的标记,也是ALS相关的病理标记的硝基酪氨酸的组织学评估证明,与AAV4-Bgal处理的对照小鼠相比,AAV4-IGF-1处理的小鼠中硝基酪氨酸水平显著降低。在整个脊髓,例如颈部、胸部、腰部、骶部区脊髓都观察到了这种硝基酪氨酸水平的降低(图8)。
实施例2:脑室内传递AAV4-IGF-1和AAV4-GFP
有症状的SOD1小鼠(即88-90天龄)用AAV4-IGF-1或AAV4-GFP载体通过脑室内注射载体至侧脑室和第四脑室处理。小鼠接受的剂量为2e10gc/脑室。用绿色荧光蛋白作为对照蛋白,其可使通过AAV载体注射介导的表达显示(visualization)。
进行评价的终点指标包括存活、摇摆滚轮测试、握力(后肢和前肢)、运动神经元细胞计数、GFP蛋白分布、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)水平、硝基酪氨酸水平以及测定CNS中病毒分布的RT-PCR。在110天龄或最后阶段,每个处理组的小鼠被处死以进行另外的分析。对胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)水平进行组织学评价。GFAP是胶质细胞增生的标记,也是ALS的病理标志。对硝基酪氨酸水平进行组织学评价;硝基酪氨酸是过氧化亚硝酸盐的标记。
与接受作为对照载体的AAV4-GFP的小鼠相比,脑室内传递AAV4-IGF-1显著地延长了SOD1小鼠的寿命。与对照处理的小鼠相比,AAV4-IGF-1处理SOD1小鼠通过摇摆滚轮测试、前肢握力和后肢握力测定的功能结果有改善。
在AAV4-GFP处理的小鼠中绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的显示(visualization)表达表明GFP分布在脑室系统的整个室管膜细胞层。例如,GFP显示在前侧脑室、侧脑室、第三脑室和第四脑室中(图9)。GFP也显示在脑室系统的脉络丛和脊髓中央管(包括颈部、胸部和腰部区)的室管膜细胞层(图10)。
AAV4-IGF-1载体的RT-PCR证明在室内传递后载体出现在皮层、脑干和脊髓(图11A)。
实施例3:脑室内传递AAV4-VEGF和AAV4-GFP
有症状的SOD1小鼠(即88-90天龄)用AAV4-VEGF-165或AAV4-GFP载体通过脑室内注射载体至侧脑室和第四脑室处理。小鼠接受的剂量为2 e10gc/脑室。用绿色荧光蛋白作为对照蛋白,其可使通过AAV载体注射介导的表达显示。
进行评价的终点指标包括存活、摇摆滚轮测试、握力(后肢和前肢)以及测定CNS中病毒分布的RT-PCR。
与接受作为对照载体的AAV4-GFP的小鼠相比,脑室内传递AAV4-VEGF显著地延长了SOD1小鼠的寿命。接受AAV4-VEGF处理的小鼠中位数存活时间为140天,而接受AAV4-GFP小鼠的中位数存活时间为120天(图12)。
与对照处理的小鼠相比,AAV4-VEGF处理的SOD1小鼠通过摇摆滚轮测试(图13)、前肢握力和后肢握力(图13)测定的功能结果有改善。
室内传递AAV4-VEGF不影响SOD1小鼠的体重。
AAV4-IGF-1载体的RT-PCR证明在室内传递后载体出现在皮层、脑干和脊髓(图11B)。
本说明书按照本说明书中引用的参考文献的教导可被最彻底地理解。在本说明书中的具体实施分案提供了本发明实施分案的一个例证,不应当被解释为对本发明的范围的限制。本领域技术人员容易地得到许多其他的具体实施分案也包括在本发明中。在本公开中引用的所有出版物、专利和生物序列均以其的全部整体引入作为文献。假如文献包括的材料与本申请的说明书相互矛盾或同本说明书不一致,则以本说明书为准。本文中任何文献的引用并不承认这样的文献是本发明的在先技术。
除非另外指明,在本说明书包括权利要求中使用的表达成分、细胞培养物、治疗情况等等的数量的所有数字应该被理解为在所有的情况下均被术语“大约”所修饰。相应地,除非另外特别说明,以数字表示的参数是近似值并可能非常依赖于本发明所试图获得的所需的性质。除非另外表明,在一系列元素前的术语“至少”应该被理解为是指该系列中的每一个元素。仅通过使用例行实验,那些本领域中的技术人员将识别或能确定本发明中描述的特定的具体实施方案的许多等同方案。这样的等同方案也视为包括于下面的权利要求中。
表1:在重组病毒载体中可用的可能的基因对
基因 | IGF-1 | 钙结合蛋白D28 | 小清蛋白 | HIF1-α | SIRT-2 | CNTF |
IGF-1 | × | × | × | × | × | |
钙结合蛋白D28 | × | × | × | × | × | |
小清蛋白 | × | × | × | × | × | |
HIF1-α | × | × | × | × | × | |
SIRT-2 | × | × | × | × | × | |
VEGF | × | × | × | × | × | × |
SMN-1 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
SMN-2 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
CNTF | × | × | × | × | × | |
shh | × | × | × | × | × | × |
EPO | × | × | × | × | × | × |
LOX | × | × | × | × | × | × |
颗粒蛋白前体 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
催乳素 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
胎盘催乳素 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
生长激素释放肽 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
血管生成素 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
表2:在重组病毒载体中可用的可能的基因对
基因 | 颗粒蛋白前体 | 催乳素 | 胎盘催乳素 | 生长激素释放肽 | 血管生成素 |
IGF-1 | × | × | × | × | × |
钙结合蛋白D28 | × | × | × | × | × |
小清蛋白 | × | × | × | × | × |
HIF1-α | × | × | × | × | × |
SIRT-2 | × | × | × | × | × |
VEGF | × | × | × | × | × |
SMN-1 | × | × | × | × | × |
SMN-2 | × | × | × | × | × |
CNTF | × | × | × | × | × |
shh | × | × | × | × | × |
EPO | × | × | × | × | × |
LOX | × | × | × | × | × |
颗粒蛋白前体 | × | × | × | × | |
催乳素 | × | × | × | × | |
胎盘催乳素 | × | × | × | × | |
生长激素释放肽 | × | × | × | × | |
血管生成素 | × | × | × | × | |
神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 | × | × | × | × | × |
表3:在重组病毒载体中可用的可能的基因对
基因 | shh | EPO | LOX | VEGF | SMN-1 | SMN-2 | 神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 |
IGF-1 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
钙结合蛋白D28 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
小清蛋白 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
HIF1-α | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
SIRT-2 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
VEGF | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
SMN-1 | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
SMN-2 | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
CNTF | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
shh | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
EPO | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
LOX | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
颗粒蛋白前体 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
催乳素 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
胎盘催乳素 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
生长激素释放肽 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
血管生成素 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 | × | × | × | × | × | × |
参考文献:
1.Leigh,P.N.& Swash,M.Cytoskeletal pathology in motor neuron diseases.AdvNeurol 56,115-24(1991).
2.Carpenter,S.Proximal axonal enlargement in motor neuron diseaseNeurology 18 841-51(1968).
3.Gonatas,N.K.et al.Fragmentation of the Golgiapparatus of motor neurons inamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Am J Pathol 140,731-7(1992).
4.Hirano,A.et al.Fine structural study of neurofibrillary changes in a family withamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 43,471-80(1984).
5.Leigh,P.N.et al.Ubiquitin-immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions inamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Morphology,distribution,and specificity.Brain 114(Pt 2),775-88(1991).
6.Delisle,M.B.& Carpenter,S.Neurofibrillary axonal swellings and amyotrophiclateral sclerosis.J Neurol Sci 63,241-50(1984).
7.Hirano,A.Neuropathology of ALS:an overview.Neurology 47,S63-6(1996).
8.Rosen,D.R.et al.Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associatedwith familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Nature 362,59-62(1993).
9.Gurney,M.E.et al.Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a humanCu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.Science 264,1772-5(1994).
10.Rowland,L.P.& Shneider,N.A.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.N Engl J Med 344,1688-700(2001).
11.Bruijn,L.I.,Miller,T.M.& Cleveland,D.W.Unraveling the mechanismsinvolved in motor neuron degeneration in ALS.Annu Rev Neurosci 27,723-49(2004).
12.Cleveland,D.W.& Rothstein,J.D.From Charcot to Lou Gehrig:decipheringselective motor neuron death in ALS.Nat Rev Neurosci 2,806-19(2001).
13.Lindsay,R.M.Neurotrophic growth factors and neurodegenerative diseases:therapeutic potential of the neurotrophins and ciliary neurotrophic factor.Neurobiol Aging 15,249-51(1994).
14.Kaspar,B.K.,Llado,J.,Sherkat,N.,Rothstein,J.D.& Gage,F.H.Retrograde viraldelivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model.Science 301,839-42(2003).
15.Clement,A.M.et al.Wild-type nonneuronal cells extend survival of SOD1 mutantmotor neurons in ALS mice.Science 302,113-7(2003).
16.Matsushita,M.Proj ections from the lowest lumbar and sacral-caudal segments tothe cerebellar nuclei in the rat,studied by anterograde axonaltracing.J CompNeurol 404,21-32(1999).
17.Matsushita,M.& Gao,X.Projections from the thoracic cord to the cerebellarnuclei in the rat,studied by anterograde axonal tracing.J Comp Neurol 386,409-21(1997).
18.Matsushita,M.& Xiong,G.Projections from the cervical enlargement to thecerebellar nuclei in the rat,studied by anterograde axonaltracing.J CompNeurol377,251-61(1997).
19.Matsushita,M.& Yaginuma,H.Afferents to the cerebellar nucl ei from thecervi cal enlargement in the rat,as demonstrated with the Phaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin method.Neurosci Lett 113,253-9(1990).
20.Matsushita,M.& Yaginuma,H.Projections from the central cervical nucleus tothe cerebellar nuclei in the rat,studied by anterograde axonal tracing.J CompNeurol 353,234-46(1995).
21.Voogd,J.The cerebellar nuclei and their efferent pathways.in The rat nervoussystem(ed.Paxinos,G.)208-215(Elsevier Academic Press,San Diego,2004).
22.Dodge,J.C.et al.Gene transfer of human acid sphingomyelinase correctsneuropathology and motor deficits in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type Adisease.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102,17822-7(2005).
23.Corse,A.M.et al.Preclinical testing of neuroprotective neurotrophic factors in amodel of chronic motor neuron degeneration.Neurobiol Dis 6,335-46(1999).
24.Seeburger,J.L.& Springer,J.E.Experimental rationale for the therapeutic use ofneurotrophins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Exp Neurol 124,64-72(1993).
25.Kasarskis,E.J.et al.A controlled trial of recombinant methionyl human BDNF inALS:The BDNF Study Group(Phase III).Neurology 52,1427-33(1999).
26.Miller,R.G.et al.A placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human ciliaryneurotrophic(rhCNTF)factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.rhCNTF ALSStudy Group.Ann Neurol 39,256-60(1996).
27.Borasio,G.D.et al.A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-I inamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.European ALS/IGF-I Study Group.Neurology 51,583-6(1998).
28.Lai,E.C.et al.Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I onprogression of ALS.A placebo-controlled study.The North America ALS/IGF-IStudy Group.Neurology 49,1621-30(1997).
29.Gorio,A.,Lesma,E.,Madaschi,L.& Di Giulio,A.M.Co-administration of IGF-Iand glycosaminoglycans greatly delays motor neurone disease and affects IGF-Iexpression in the wobbler mouse:a long-term study.J Neurochem 81,194-202(2002).
30.Hantai,D.et al.Beneficial effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on wobblermouse motoneuron disease.J Neurol Sci 129 Suppl,122-6(1995).
31.Zheng,C.,Nennesmo,I.,Fadeel,B.& Henter,J.I.Vascular endothelial growthfactor prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of ALS.Ann Neurol 56,564-7(2004).
32.Nagano,I.et al.Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of insulin-like growthfactor-1in a mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.J Neurol Sci 235,61-8(2005).
33.Azzouz,M.et al.VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivectorprolongs survivalin a mouse ALS model.Nature 429,413-7(2004).
34.Federici,T.& Boulis,N.M.Gene-based treatment of motor neuron diseases.Muscle Nerve 33,302-23(2006).
35.Boillee,S.& Cleveland,D.W.Gene therapy for ALS delivers.Trends Neurosci27,235-8(2004).
36.Chirmule,N.et al.Immune responses to adenovirus and adeno-associated virus inhumans.Gene Ther 6,1574-83(1999).
37.High,K.A.Clinical gene transfer studies for hemophilia B.Semin Thromb Hemost30,257-67(2004).
38.Maheshri,N.,Koerber,J.T.,Kaspar,B.K.& Schaffer,D.V.Directed evolution ofadeno-associated virus yields enhanced gene delivery vectors.Nat Biotechnol 24,198-204(2006).
39.Braunstein GD,Rasor JL,Engvall E,Wade ME.Interrelationships of human chorionicgonadotropin,human placental lactogen,and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteinthroughout normal human gestation.Am J Obstet Gynecol.1980 Dec 15;138(8):1205-13.
40.Confavreux C,Hutchinson M,Hours MM,Cortinovis-Tourniaire P,Moreau T.Rate ofpregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis.Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group.N Engl J Med.1998 Jul 30;339(5):285-91.
41.Carson M.J.,Behringer R.R.,Brinster R.L.and McMorris F.A.(1993)Insulin-likegrowth factor I increases brain growth and central nervous system myelination intransgenic mice.Neuron 10,729-740.
42.Gensert JM,Goldman JE(1997)Endogenous progenitors remyelinate demyelinatedaxons in the adult CNS.Neuron 19:197-203.
43.Gregg C,Shikar V,Larsen P,Mak G,Chojnacki A,Yong VW,Weiss S.White matterplasticity and enhanced remyelination in the matemal CNS.J Neurosci.2007 Feb21;27(8):1812-23.
44.Handwerger S,Freemark M.The roles of placental growth hormone and placentallactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development.J Pediatr EndocrinolMetab.2000 Apr;13(4):343-56.
45.Lesniak MA,Gorden P,Roth J.Reactivity of non-primate growth hormones andprolactins with human growth hormone receptors on cultured human lymphocytes.ClinEndocrinol Metab.1977 May;44(5):838-49.
46.Levison SW,Young GM,Goldman JE(1999)Cycling cells in the adult ratneocortex preferentially generate oligodendroglia.J Neurosci Res 57:435-446.
47.Menn B,Garcia-Verdugo JM,Yaschine C,Gonzalez-Perez O,Rowitch D,Alvarez-Buylla A(2006)Origin of oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone of the adult brain.J Neurosci 26:7907-7918.
48.Pelton EW,Grindeland RE,Young E,Bass NH.Effects of immunologically inducedgrowth hormone deficiency on myelinogenesis in developing rat cerebrum.Neurology.1977 Mar;27(3):282-8.
49.Peters A,Sethares C(2004)Oligodendrocytes,theirprogenitors and other neuroglial cellsin the aging primate cerebral cortex.Cereb Cortex 14:995-1007.
50.Polito A,Reynolds R(2005)NG2-expressing cells as oligodendrocyte progenitors in thenormal and demyelinated adult central nervous system.J Anat 207:707-716.
51.Selenkow HA,Saxena BN,Dana CL.Measurement and pathophysiologic significance ofhuman placental lactogen.In Pecile A,Finzi C(eds).The Feto-Placental Unit.Amersterdam,Excerpta Medica,1969,p340.
52.van Walderveen MA,Tas MW,Barkhof F,Polman CH,Frequin ST,Hommes OR,Valk J(1994)Magnetic resonance evaluation of disease activity during pregnancy in multiplesclerosis.Neurology 44:327-329.
53.Voskuhl RR(2003)Hormone-based therapies in MS.Int MS J 10:60-66.
54.Zumkeller W.Current topic:the role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factorsfor placental growth and development.Placenta.2000 Jul-Aug;21(5-6):451-67.
序列表
<110>J·道奇
<120>肌萎缩性侧索硬化和其他脊髓失调症的基因治疗
<130>003482.00033
<160>3
<170>FastSEQ for Windows Version 4.0
<210>1
<211>153
<212>PRT
<213>人类(Homo sapiens)
<400>1
<210>2
<211>195
<212>PRT
<213>人类(Homo sapiens)
<400>2
IGF-1基因序列:
Claims (31)
1、一种传递转基因产物至受试者脊髓中的方法,包括:
给药包含该转基因的重组的亲神经的病毒载体到至少一个脑室,由此该转基因被表达并且所表达的蛋白产物被传递到脊髓。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体为AAV载体。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体为AAV4。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的转基因为IGF-1。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑室中给药。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑的侧脑室中给药。
7、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑的第四脑室中给药。
8、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的受试者患有肌萎缩性侧索硬化。
9、一种传递IGF-1至患有肌萎缩性侧索硬化的受试者脊髓中的方法,包括:
给药包含编码IGF-1的转基因的重组AAV4病毒载体到至少一个脑室,由此所述的转基因被表达并且IGF-1被传递到脊髓,所述的至少一个脑室选自侧脑室或第四脑室。
10、一种治疗受试者运动神经元失调的方法,包括
给药包含治疗性转基因的重组的亲神经的病毒载体到至少一个脑室,由此该转基因以治疗有效量被表达。
11、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体为AAV载体。
12、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体为AAV4。
13、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的转基因为IGF-1。
14、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑室中给药。
15、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑的侧脑室中给药。
16、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的病毒载体通过直接注射到脑的第四脑室中给药。
17、根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述的受试者患有肌萎缩性侧索硬化。
18、一种治疗受试者肌萎缩性侧索硬化的方法,包括:
给药包含IGF-1转基因的重组AAV4病毒载体到至少一个脑室,由此所述的转基因以治疗有效量被表达,所述的至少一个脑室选自侧脑室或第四脑室。
19、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述的转基因选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体、催乳素、生长激素释放肽、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、血管生成素或胎盘催乳素。
20、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述受试者的病状选自肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、脊髓延髓肌萎缩、脊髓小脑性共济失调、脊髓性肌萎缩或外伤性脊髓损伤。
21、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述受试者为哺乳动物。
22、根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述的哺乳动物选自啮齿动物、鼠科动物、猿或人类。
23、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述受试者为人类患者。
24、根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述的人类患者低表达有效量的蛋白,该蛋白选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白、HIF1-α、音猬蛋白(shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2或CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)。
25、
26、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述转基因表达治疗量的蛋白,该蛋白选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyloxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体、催乳素、生长激素释放肽、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、血管生成素或胎盘催乳素。
27、一种检测受试者中CNS功能丧失的试验,包括:
给药至该受试者脑室诊断有效量的含有编码标记的转基因的亲神经的病毒载体;以及筛选在该受试者CNS中所述标记的存在。
28、根据权利要求26所述的试验,其中所述的标记转基因为绿色荧光蛋白。
29、根据权利要求1、9、10或18所述的方法,其中所述的转基因蛋白产物是TAT修饰的。
30、根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述的转基因蛋白产物包括来自于HIV TAT蛋白的蛋白转导结构域的11个氨基酸的基元。
31、根据权利要求1或10所述的方法,其中所述的转基因表达治疗量的至少两个蛋白质,所述的蛋白质选自胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、钙结合蛋白D28、小清蛋白、HIF1-α、SIRT-2、VEGF、SMN-1、SMN-2,CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)、音猬蛋白(shh)、红细胞生成素(EPO)、赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)、颗粒蛋白前体、催乳素、生长激素释放肽、神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、血管生成素或胎盘催乳素。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US81141906P | 2006-06-07 | 2006-06-07 | |
US60/811,419 | 2006-06-07 | ||
PCT/US2007/013391 WO2007146046A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2007-06-07 | Gene therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other spinal cord disorders |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101460621A true CN101460621A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
CN101460621B CN101460621B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
Family
ID=38832369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200780020891.5A Active CN101460621B (zh) | 2006-06-07 | 2007-06-07 | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化和其他脊髓失调症的基因治疗 |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US9034836B2 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP2489733B1 (zh) |
JP (6) | JP2009539847A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101460621B (zh) |
AR (2) | AR061282A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0711965A2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2654292C (zh) |
CY (1) | CY1118555T1 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2596885T3 (zh) |
HU (2) | HUE031156T2 (zh) |
IL (2) | IL195647A (zh) |
LT (2) | LT2029742T (zh) |
MX (4) | MX2008015530A (zh) |
PL (2) | PL2029742T3 (zh) |
PT (2) | PT2029742T (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2008152821A (zh) |
SI (2) | SI2029742T1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR201906106T4 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007146046A2 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103083667A (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京清美联创干细胞科技有限公司 | 嗅鞘细胞增殖试剂的连续给药方案 |
CN113660958A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳大学 | 使Sirt7基因表达的作用剂及其用途 |
CN113710281A (zh) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-11-26 | 宾夕法尼亚州大学信托人 | 用于治疗grn相关成人发作性神经退行性病变的重组腺相关病毒 |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2654292C (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Genzyme Corporation | Gene therapy for motor neuron disorders |
EP2249861B1 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2016-07-06 | Neurodyn Life Sciences Inc. | Progranulin for use in treating parkinson's disease or alzheimer's disease |
CN107349209A (zh) | 2008-10-31 | 2017-11-17 | 神经机能生命科学公司 | 神经毒性甾醇糖苷 |
HRP20181423T1 (hr) | 2009-05-02 | 2018-11-30 | Genzyme Corporation | Genska terapija za neurodegenerativne poremećaje |
EP2640407A4 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2014-07-09 | Denis G Kay | PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF NEPRILYSIN |
US9512194B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2016-12-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Modified IL-13 polypeptides |
CN104619334A (zh) | 2012-08-09 | 2015-05-13 | 利兰斯坦福初级大学董事会 | 超级因子和合成因子:具有新的和增强的信号传导活性的经改造细胞因子 |
US9663564B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Vectors and methods to treat ischemia |
US20140065110A1 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Genetically modified msc and therapeutic methods |
CN110354265A (zh) | 2012-10-24 | 2019-10-22 | 第一三共株式会社 | 用于肌萎缩性侧索硬化的治疗剂 |
WO2014084085A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 聴覚障害又は小脳性運動失調症の予防・治療剤 |
KR20200060536A (ko) * | 2013-05-01 | 2020-05-29 | 젠자임 코포레이션 | 척수성 근위축증을 치료하기 위한 조성물 및 방법 |
AU2014293460B2 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2019-10-24 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Methods and compositions for treating brain diseases |
KR101548989B1 (ko) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-09-01 | 광주과학기술원 | SirT1을 이용한 관절 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 물질의 스크리닝 방법 |
US9119832B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-09-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods of treating mild brain injury |
DE102014207498A1 (de) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf | Viraler Vektor für den zielgerichteten Gentransfer in Gehirn und Rückenmark |
JP6401871B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 | 2018-10-10 | ボイジャー セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッドVoyager Therapeutics,Inc. | パーキンソン病の治療のためのaadcポリヌクレオチド |
IL283475B2 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2024-07-01 | Univ Cornell | Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of c1ei as a therapy for angioedema |
CL2015003024A1 (es) | 2015-10-09 | 2016-05-13 | Univ Chile | Método de tratamiento genético utilizando el virus aav-xbp1s/gfp, y su uso en la prevención y tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrofica. |
CA3005434A1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-26 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Methods and compositions for treating disorders and diseases using survival motor neuron (smn) protein |
JP7436089B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-02 | 2024-02-21 | ザ・チルドレンズ・ホスピタル・オブ・フィラデルフィア | 前頭側頭型認知症の治療 |
JOP20190200A1 (ar) | 2017-02-28 | 2019-08-27 | Univ Pennsylvania | تركيبات نافعة في معالجة ضمور العضل النخاعي |
AU2018227440B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2024-06-06 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Adeno-associated virus (AAV) clade f vector and uses therefor |
JOP20190269A1 (ar) | 2017-06-15 | 2019-11-20 | Voyager Therapeutics Inc | بولي نوكليوتيدات aadc لعلاج مرض باركنسون |
KR102697811B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-03 | 2024-08-22 | 프리베일 테라퓨틱스, 인크. | 리소좀 장애를 위한 유전자 요법 |
EP3692151A4 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2021-07-14 | Prevail Therapeutics, Inc. | GENE THERAPIES FOR LYSOSOMAL DISORDERS |
CN111542549A (zh) | 2017-10-03 | 2020-08-14 | 普利维尔治疗公司 | 用于溶酶体障碍的基因疗法 |
US12274735B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2025-04-15 | Medicenna Therapeutics Inc. | IL-4-fusion formulations for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors |
AU2019268330A1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2020-11-26 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of Parkinson's disease |
SG11202103151RA (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2021-04-29 | Voyager Therapeutics Inc | Frataxin expression constructs having engineered promoters and methods of use thereof |
RU2731514C2 (ru) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-09-03 | Селл энд Джин Терапи Лтд | Генотерапевтический ДНК-вектор на основе генотерапевтического ДНК-вектора VTvaf17, несущий целевой ген, выбранный из группы генов SHH, CTNNB1, NOG, WNT7A для повышения уровня экспрессии этих целевых генов, способ его получения и применения, штамм Escherichia coli SCS110-AF/VTvaf17-SHH, или Escherichia coli SCS110-AF/VTvaf17-CTNNB1, или Escherichia coli SCS110-AF/VTvaf17-NOG, или Escherichia coli SCS110-AF/VTvaf17-WNT7A, несущий генотерапевтический ДНК-вектор, способ его получения, способ производства в промышленных масштабах генотерапевтического ДНК-вектора |
US20220111005A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-04-14 | Avrobio, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating neurocognitive disorders |
AU2020273182A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2021-12-02 | Prevail Therapeutics, Inc. | Gene therapies for lysosomal disorders |
BR112021020421A2 (pt) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-12-21 | Encoded Therapeutics Inc | Composições e métodos para administração de componentes terapêuticos |
IL293994A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2022-08-01 | Denali Therapeutics Inc | Progranulin variants, compositions comprising same and uses thereof |
CN115323002A (zh) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-11 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种基因递送系统在从脑部逆行递送基因到脊髓神经元中的应用 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050032219A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2005-02-10 | Patrick Aubourg | Methods of administering vectors to synaptically connected neurons |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE8303626D0 (sv) | 1983-06-23 | 1983-06-23 | Kabigen Ab | A recombinant plasmid a transformant microorganism, a polydoxyrebonucleotide segment, a process for producing a biologically active protein, and the protein thus produced |
US5672344A (en) | 1987-12-30 | 1997-09-30 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Viral-mediated gene transfer system |
EP0705344B8 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 2006-05-10 | Advec Inc. | Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy |
ES2328585T3 (es) | 1993-10-25 | 2009-11-16 | Canji, Inc. | Vector de adenovirus recombinante y metodo de utilizacion. |
CA2176117C (en) | 1993-11-09 | 2006-01-03 | Terence R. Flotte | Generation of high titers of recombinant aav vectors |
US7252989B1 (en) | 1994-04-04 | 2007-08-07 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Adenovirus supervector system |
JPH10501686A (ja) | 1994-04-13 | 1998-02-17 | ザ ロックフェラー ユニヴァーシティ | 神経系の細胞へのdnaのaav仲介送達 |
US5882914A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1999-03-16 | The Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine | Nucleic acids encoding the hypoxia inducible factor-1 |
AU1525797A (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1997-11-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Two-stage angled venous cannula |
US20040076613A1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2004-04-22 | Nicholas Mazarakis | Vector system |
EP1034267A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 2000-09-13 | Genzyme Corporation | Compositions and methods for inducing gene expression |
US6544785B1 (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2003-04-08 | Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of New York University | Helper-free rescue of recombinant negative strand RNA viruses |
US6468524B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2002-10-22 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | AAV4 vector and uses thereof |
US7037493B2 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2006-05-02 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of inducing neuronal production in the brain and spinal cord |
ATE438414T1 (de) * | 2000-06-01 | 2009-08-15 | Univ North Carolina | Verfahren und zusammensetzungen zur kontrollierter abgabe von rekombinant parvovirus vektoren |
EP1319082B1 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2005-11-16 | Genzyme Corporation | Expression vectors containing hybrid ubiquitin promoters |
GB0103998D0 (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2001-04-04 | King S College London | Method |
JP2002322068A (ja) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-11-08 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 血管再生促進剤 |
WO2003055983A2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | The Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Targeted retrograde gene delivery to motor neurons |
US7241444B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2007-07-10 | Pierre Fabre Medicament | Anti-IGF-IR antibodies and uses thereof |
AU2003215297A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-09-09 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Enhancing neurotrophin-induced neurogenesis by endogenous neural progenitor cells by concurrent overexpression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and an inhibitor of a pro-gliogenic bone morphogenetic protein |
AU2003268484A1 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-29 | The General Hospital Corporation | Delivery of therapeutics to the brain and spinal cord |
WO2006035741A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-06 | Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. | Es細胞特異的発現遺伝子及びその利用 |
EP1878793B1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2011-08-24 | Tokyo Medical and Dental University | Novel protein and preventive/remedy for neurodegenerative disease such as polyglutamine disease using the same |
PT1879623E (pt) | 2005-05-02 | 2012-12-20 | Genzyme Corp | Terapia génica para distúrbios da medula espinal |
PT1879624E (pt) | 2005-05-02 | 2012-02-02 | Genzyme Corp | Terapia genética para distúrbios neuro-metabólicos |
CA2654292C (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Genzyme Corporation | Gene therapy for motor neuron disorders |
LT2773354T (lt) | 2011-11-01 | 2019-08-12 | Resverlogix Corp. | Geriamosios greitai atsipalaiduojančios pakeistų chinozolinų vaisto formos |
AU2013279284A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2015-01-29 | Association Institut De Myologie | Widespread gene delivery of gene therapy vectors |
-
2007
- 2007-06-07 CA CA2654292A patent/CA2654292C/en active Active
- 2007-06-07 WO PCT/US2007/013391 patent/WO2007146046A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-07 JP JP2009514369A patent/JP2009539847A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-07 PT PT77958353T patent/PT2029742T/pt unknown
- 2007-06-07 RU RU2008152821/10A patent/RU2008152821A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-06-07 ES ES07795835.3T patent/ES2596885T3/es active Active
- 2007-06-07 PT PT12152550T patent/PT2489733T/pt unknown
- 2007-06-07 LT LTEP07795835.3T patent/LT2029742T/lt unknown
- 2007-06-07 SI SI200731840A patent/SI2029742T1/sl unknown
- 2007-06-07 PL PL07795835T patent/PL2029742T3/pl unknown
- 2007-06-07 EP EP12152550.5A patent/EP2489733B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-07 BR BRPI0711965-8A patent/BRPI0711965A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-06-07 MX MX2008015530A patent/MX2008015530A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-06-07 CN CN200780020891.5A patent/CN101460621B/zh active Active
- 2007-06-07 SI SI200732107T patent/SI2489733T1/sl unknown
- 2007-06-07 PL PL12152550T patent/PL2489733T3/pl unknown
- 2007-06-07 ES ES12152550T patent/ES2725552T3/es active Active
- 2007-06-07 TR TR2019/06106T patent/TR201906106T4/tr unknown
- 2007-06-07 LT LTEP12152550.5T patent/LT2489733T/lt unknown
- 2007-06-07 EP EP07795835.3A patent/EP2029742B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-07 AR ARP070102460A patent/AR061282A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-06-07 CA CA3139726A patent/CA3139726A1/en active Pending
- 2007-06-07 HU HUE07795835A patent/HUE031156T2/en unknown
- 2007-06-07 MX MX2015001403A patent/MX364444B/es unknown
- 2007-06-07 EP EP19156264.4A patent/EP3540054A3/en active Pending
- 2007-06-07 HU HUE12152550 patent/HUE044182T2/hu unknown
-
2008
- 2008-12-02 IL IL195647A patent/IL195647A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-12-04 MX MX2023001965A patent/MX2023001965A/es unknown
- 2008-12-04 MX MX2019004843A patent/MX2019004843A/es unknown
- 2008-12-04 US US12/328,267 patent/US9034836B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-08-22 JP JP2013172437A patent/JP2014012697A/ja active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-01-23 JP JP2015011696A patent/JP2015120719A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-21 US US14/692,469 patent/US20160067312A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-06 IL IL241890A patent/IL241890A0/en unknown
-
2016
- 2016-10-19 CY CY20161101055T patent/CY1118555T1/el unknown
- 2016-11-10 JP JP2016219801A patent/JP6320489B2/ja active Active
-
2017
- 2017-07-27 AR ARP170102115A patent/AR109171A2/es unknown
-
2018
- 2018-04-03 JP JP2018071383A patent/JP6606215B2/ja active Active
-
2019
- 2019-08-20 US US16/546,070 patent/US11554161B2/en active Active
- 2019-10-17 JP JP2019190202A patent/JP2020079234A/ja active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-14 US US18/066,149 patent/US20230364200A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050032219A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2005-02-10 | Patrick Aubourg | Methods of administering vectors to synaptically connected neurons |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103083667A (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京清美联创干细胞科技有限公司 | 嗅鞘细胞增殖试剂的连续给药方案 |
CN113710281A (zh) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-11-26 | 宾夕法尼亚州大学信托人 | 用于治疗grn相关成人发作性神经退行性病变的重组腺相关病毒 |
CN113660958A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳大学 | 使Sirt7基因表达的作用剂及其用途 |
CN113660958B (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2023-10-31 | 深圳大学 | 使Sirt7基因表达的作用剂及其用途 |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101460621B (zh) | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化和其他脊髓失调症的基因治疗 | |
JP6887008B2 (ja) | 脊髄疾患の遺伝子療法 | |
CN101208108A (zh) | 脊髓失调症的基因治疗 | |
HK40013069A (zh) | 肌萎縮性側索硬化和其他脊髓失調症的基因治療 | |
HK1167874A (zh) | 用於肌萎縮性側索硬化症和其他脊髓疾病的基因療法 | |
HK1167874B (zh) | 用於肌萎縮性側索硬化症和其他脊髓疾病的基因療法 | |
Gilkes | Optimizing neonatal gene transfer in the MPS IIIB model |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |