CN101105115B - Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet drilling device and drill bit - Google Patents
Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet drilling device and drill bit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水力脉冲空化射流钻井装置，包括一柱形的本体，该本体的一端设有流体入口段，另一端设有流体出口段，流体入口段与流体出口段之间依次匹配设有使流体的流向产生偏离的导流部、使连续的流体产生脉冲的脉冲发生器以及使具有脉冲的流体产生谐振的自激振荡部。本发明还公开了一种自振空化喷嘴钻头，提高了钻头破岩和井底清岩效果。
The invention discloses a hydraulic pulse cavitation jet drilling device, which comprises a cylindrical body, one end of the body is provided with a fluid inlet section, and the other end is provided with a fluid outlet section, and the fluid inlet section and the fluid outlet section are sequentially matched. It is provided with a guide part that deviates the flow direction of the fluid, a pulse generator that makes the continuous fluid pulse, and a self-excited oscillation part that makes the pulsed fluid resonate. The invention also discloses a self-vibrating cavitation nozzle drill bit, which improves the rock breaking effect of the drill bit and the rock cleaning effect at the bottom of a well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling well down-hole new equipment and drill bit, particularly a kind of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, and a kind of drill bit that can cooperate this device to use.
Background technology
The drilling technology face to as if downhole system (from the pit shaft to the stratum).The characteristics of this object are that well is little, the ground layer depth, and the conditions down-hole complexity, and cannot see, have only the down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools object of approaching work.Therefore, want downhole system to be carried out fine manipulation only reliable down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools with new drilling technology.The demand of the drilling technology that development is advanced, caused the generation of new down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools, and the enforcement of new drilling technology, also must rely on the down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools of function admirable, reliable operation, and the latter's innovation will further promote the change of drilling technology again conversely.
Tradition drilling mode energy transmission, conversion, distribution and utilization in drilling process exist problems such as efficient is low always.Though the raising rate of penetration that rotary percussion drilling, downhole pressure increasing drilling well all can be in various degree, thus since its life-span and poor stability fail to use on a large scale at the scene always.Pulsing jet aided drilling technology obtained certain effect at the scene but because of its life-span shorter, thereby also have certain limitation.Pulsing jet aided drilling technology mainly be by impulse jet nozzle be used for producing pulsatile effect, be installed on the carcass of drill bit bottom.
The simple impulse jet nozzle life-span uses at the scene and has certain limitation, and along with the increase of well depth, the drill bit hydraulic energy reduces, and confined pressure increases, and the cavitation ability is corresponding to be weakened, and the jet impulse effect obviously descends; Down-hole fluid power propeller produces the pressure of the drill by the instrument piston, and the waterpower pulse effect is bad; Waterpower pulse circulating valve underbalance pulse is effective, and shortcoming is a complex structure, and the solid phase particles that contains in the drilling fluid easily causes wearing and tearing to the modulator inner body.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device is provided, it can be installed between drill collar (or mud motor) and the drill bit, also self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit can be installed on drill bit, perhaps waterpower pulse cavitation jet device short circuit and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit be used in combination.Purpose all is to make jet expansion produce strong pulsation collar vortex stream, impacts the shaft bottom in the mode of surge pressure, improves bottom-hole flow field and bottom rock force-bearing situation, minimizing " chip hold down effect ", auxiliary rock raising rate of penetration, saves drilling cost.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, the body that comprises a cylindricality, one end of this body is provided with the fluid intake section, the other end is provided with the fluid issuing section, between described fluid intake section and the fluid issuing section successively coupling be provided with the flow direction that makes fluid and produce the diversion division depart from, make continuous fluid produce the impulse generator of pulse and make fluid produce the self-oscillation portion of resonance with pulse; One end of described diversion division is provided with inlet, and the other end is provided with outlet, and this outlet and inlet are taked the eccentric manner setting, and the area of outlet is less than the area of inlet; Be pivoted with the impeller of the thrust rotation that utilizes fluid in the described impulse generator, the blade of this impeller and the outlet of described diversion division align setting; Be provided with a fluid passage of running through in the described self-oscillation portion, this fluid passage is made of the runner that the multistage sectional area reduces successively, and the runner of sectional area maximum is arranged on the end that self-oscillation portion docks with described impulse generator.
The fluid intake section of above-mentioned body can be cylindric or is little round table-like of outer imperial palace; The flexible circlip groove of the lower inside of described body is convenient to the self-oscillation chamber in the fixedly self-oscillation portion, and upper part of body is connected with mud motor or drill collar; The shape of the inlet of described diversion division and the outlet of diversion division be shaped as rectangle or circle; Also be provided with the inlet that is used to snap in impulse generator on described diversion division and the end face that described impulse generator combines, and make the outlet of described diversion division and the fin that described impeller aligns; The cross sectional shape of the multistage runner that is provided with in the described self-oscillation portion is circle or polygon.
The present invention also provides a kind of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit, comprises drill bit, is provided with two fluid passages of running through in the described drill bit, and this fluid passage is made of the runner that the multistage sectional area reduces successively, and the runner of sectional area maximum is provided with the fluid inlet end; The upper end of described drill bit is outside for to be connected in the fluid issuing section of described waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device.
In the technique scheme, the thin segment in lower end, described fluid passage tilts to described bit central, in order to improve towards the rock quality.
The present invention proposes a kind of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, be installed between drill bit and the drill collar (or mud motor), make the continuous-flow of the interior drilling fluid of drill collar (or mud motor) change effect of Fluid Pulsation into and produce cavitation phenomenon, flow to the shaft bottom through bit nozzle, thereby improve the force-bearing situation of bottom-hole flow field and bottom rock.Go out the interruption-forming pulsing jet at bit nozzle on the one hand, reduce " chip hold down effect ", improve large rock-carrying ability; On the other hand because the waterpower pulse device produces the swabbing action that the inertia of drilling fluid in pressure fluctuation and the drill bit annular space on every side produces the drill bit bottom, form low-pressure area, reduce the confined pressure of bottom rock, its mechanism is similar under balance pressure drilling, can significantly improve bit speed.The low-pressure area that while waterpower pulse method obtains only is confined near the drill bit of shaft bottom, and whole annular space still is overbalance pressure, can guarantee better that than under balance pressure drilling method borehole wall stability has guaranteed downhole safety simultaneously.
The present invention is by improving bottom-hole flow field and bottom rock force-bearing situation and improve rate of penetration and increasing the service life.Compare with conventional drilling under identical pressure, discharge capacity, stratum and drill bit condition that rate of penetration is the highest can be improved more than 100%, also be improved the application life of drill bit to reach more than 20%.Hydraulic pulse generator has simple in structure, and the life-span is long, and advantages such as good stability are applicable to zones of different and stratum, have broad application prospects and development potentiality.The present invention both can follow various chipping type bits (as the PDC drill bit) to be used, and also can be used for common rock bit or drag bit.Believe that the waterpower pulse cavitation jet drilling technology can be to our good economic benefit and social benefit of drilling well cause creation.
By the hydromechanical method of researching and analysing the waterpower pulse that obtains and cavitation jet coupling modulation mechanism, on the basis in conjunction with waterpower pulse and cavitation jet raising rate of penetration mechanism, design a kind of novel hydropower pulse and cavitation jet coupling device.This device is installed between drill bit and the drill collar (or mud motor).When drilling fluid is flowed through hydraulic pulse generator in drill collar (or mud motor), produce the cavitation ability that effect of Fluid Pulsation improves jet in the bit nozzle exit.By documents and materials as can be known, under identical jet pressure, the surge of cavitation jet is 8.6-124 a times of solid jet stagnation pressure, can greatly increase the broken rock and the bottom-hole cleaning ability of mesolow jet.
Cavitation jet is meant that the powerful impact force of utilizing cavity collapse to produce strengthens a kind of fluidics of jet effect, and the liquid jet under the mode of flooding mostly produces cavitation.This is that the pressure the flow-disturbing whirlpool in is lower, the interior generation of low-pressure area cavitation field because form the flow-disturbing whirlpool in the shear layer between high-speed jet and the relative static environmental liquids under the mode of flooding.The cavitation ring of jet can improve the density of jet, can enlarge the zone of jet crushing and cleaning again.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is a hydraulic pulse generator assembling schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of diversion division of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of impeller in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the lateral view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a vibration structure of nozzle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is an impulse generator body construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the directional type nozzle arrangements schematic diagram of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the upward view of drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the lateral view of nozzle exit of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit schematic perspective view of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the assembling schematic diagram of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit.
Description of reference numerals:
The 1-body; The 2-baffle; The 3-impulse generator;
4-self-oscillation chamber; The 5-nozzle that vibrates; The 6-impeller base;
7-fluid intake section; 8-fluid issuing section; The 9-impeller;
10-self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit;
11-directional type nozzle.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method embodiment 1.The concrete steps of the method for waterpower pulse cavitation jet drilling well are as follows:
Step 101: in drillng operation, the liquid flow that will be used to impact the continous-stable in shaft bottom is changed to the pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 102: described pulse resonance working fluid is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, produced cavitation phenomenon;
Step 103: the pulse resonance working fluid that will produce cavitation phenomenon impacts the shaft bottom in the mode of surge pressure.
In the above most preferred embodiment, its effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid can flow to the line period disturbance to the liquid of described continous-stable according to predefined frequency and produce.
In the foregoing description, continuous fluid makes the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream by the humorous resonance of resonator formation sound.Under floodage, the discontinuity of fluid motion easily produces pressure oscillation, thereby brings out the generation of cavitation.In the structure of this patent design, rotary blade can produce disturbance to continuous fluid, the discontinuity of enhance fluid, thus strengthen cavitation.
In the foregoing description, step 3 can realize by following concrete steps.At first, make the pressure of described pulse resonance working fluid produce fluctuation; Secondly, make the described pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance; Afterwards, utilize described pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound; At last, improve the flow velocity of the described pulse resonance working fluid with the humorous resonance of fluid sound, it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, form shear layer, form flow-disturbing whirlpool produces cavitation phenomenon.
Present embodiment is the flow process of a scheme thinner than embodiment 1.Specific as follows:
Step 1010: in drillng operation, the liquid flow that will be used to impact the continous-stable in shaft bottom is changed to the pulse resonance working fluid; According to predefined frequency the liquid of described continous-stable is flow to the line period disturbance;
Step 1021: the organ pipe resonator can the humorous resonance of formation sound, makes the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream, brings out the generation of cavitation;
Step 1022, rotary blade can produce disturbance to continuous fluid, the discontinuity of enhance fluid, thus strengthen cavitation;
Step 1031: make the pressure of described pulse resonance working fluid produce fluctuation;
Step 1032: make the described pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance;
Step 1033: utilize described pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound;
Step 1034: improve the flow velocity of described pulse resonance working fluid, inject in the static relatively liquid with the humorous resonance of fluid sound;
Step 104: waterpower pulse cavitation jet is introduced self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit, in order to form efficient waterpower, the broken rock of mechanically combining;
Step 105: self-oscillation portion and self-vibration cavitating nozzle bit sub, in order to improve efficiency of breaking rock.
Present embodiment is that concrete steps are as follows when assembling use according to Figure 13:
Step 201, carry out in the drillng operation, import the liquid stream of the continous-stable that is used to impact the shaft bottom at drilling tool;
The liquid stream of step 202, this continous-stable of periodic disturbance makes it to form effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid, in order to increase impact effect;
Step 203, the liquid of effect of Fluid Pulsation amplified and make it to produce resonance, then just with its transformation for the pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 204, the sectional area by dwindling fluid, accelerate its flow velocity, it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively environmental liquids;
Step 205, make this liquid form the flow-disturbing whirlpool, produce cavitation phenomenon;
Step 206, the high-speed pulse resonance working fluid that will produce cavitation phenomenon flow into organ pipe nozzle on the drill bit in the mode of surge pressure;
The further amplification of step 207, cavitation jet process organ pipe resonance, the high speed impact shaft bottom.
Fig. 2 assembles schematic diagram for the present invention.Fig. 2 is a most preferred embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the body 1 that comprises a cylindricality, one end of this body is provided with fluid intake section 7, the other end is provided with fluid issuing section 8, between fluid intake section 7 and the fluid issuing section 8 successively coupling be provided with the flow direction that makes fluid and produce the diversion division 2 depart from, make continuous fluid produce the impulse generator 3 of pulse and make fluid produce the self-oscillation portion of resonance with pulse; One end of diversion division 3 is provided with inlet, and the other end is provided with outlet, and this outlet and inlet are taked the eccentric manner setting, and the area of outlet is less than the area of inlet; Be pivoted with the impeller 9 of the thrust rotation that utilizes fluid in the described impulse generator 3, the outlet of the blade of this impeller 9 and described diversion division 2 aligns setting; Be provided with a fluid passage of running through in the described self-oscillation portion, this fluid passage is made of the runner that the multistage sectional area reduces successively, and the runner of sectional area maximum is arranged on the end that self-oscillation portion docks with described impulse generator.This device can produce strong pulsation collar vortex stream and impact the shaft bottom in the mode of surge pressure, and it is the termination drill bit down, and the upper end directly connects mud motor (or drill collar), use and easy for installation.There is the flexible circlip groove in step, top that can cooperate with drill collar its underpart simultaneously, and this design has not only been satisfied technological requirement but also simplified the structure greatly, and its safety, reliability are strengthened greatly.
The waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention fluid intake section 7 of drilling liquid flow through body 1 upper end of the continuous-flow in drill collar (or mud motor) in drilling process exactly enters diversion division 2, paired pulses generator 3 produces tangential force and forces its inner impeller 9 rotation change flow area at a high speed, enter the self-excited oscillation cavity chamber 4 after making the drilling fluid of continuous-flow produce pulse, the pulse drilling liquid flow amplifies and generation fluid resonance at this chamber, when its outlet contracted section by self-oscillation chamber 4 enters resonance nozzle 5, produce pressure oscillation, this pressure oscillation reflected back resonator again forms the feedback pressure vibration, when the frequency of pressure oscillation is consistent with the frequency of resonator, the feedback pressure vibration is amplified, thereby in self-oscillation chamber 4, produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound, the fluid high-speed jet, and at the strong pulsation of fluid issuing section 8 generations collar vortex stream, mode with surge pressure is impacted the shaft bottom, improve bottom-hole flow field, reduce the ability that " chip hold down effect " improves clear rock of jet and broken rock, thereby improved rate of penetration.The realization of cavitation realizes that by the self-oscillation nozzle impeller rotation purpose is to produce pulse, makes the drilling fluid that enters the self-excited oscillation cavity become a kind of active disturbance.The eddy current ring goes from strength to strength again in the high shear campaign, makes jet produce bigger pressure pulse, forms pulsing jet, reaches the shaft bottom by drill bit, thereby increases substantially the erosion and the cleaning capacity of jet.Go out the interruption-forming pulsing jet at bit nozzle on the one hand, improve the ability to function of the broken rock of the clear rock of jet; On the other hand because the waterpower pulse device produces pressure fluctuation, can near drill bit, form low-pressure area, can reduce the chip hold down effect of annular space head of liquid to bottom rock, its mechanism is similar under balance pressure drilling, can significantly improve bit speed, but the low-pressure area that the waterpower pulse method obtains only is confined near the drill bit of shaft bottom, and whole annular space still is overbalance pressure, therefore can guarantee borehole wall stability and downhole safety better than under balance pressure drilling method.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of diversion division of the present invention.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, diversion division 2 described in the present invention is the slope runner, it has changed the flow direction of drilling fluid, and the impeller of paired pulses generator 3 generation tangential force forces impeller 9 to rotate, change the size of drilling fluid liquid stream to impeller tangential impact power by the angle that changes the slope runner, the bossing below is convenient to installing and locating simultaneously.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of impeller 9 in the impulse generator of the present invention.Fig. 5 is the lateral view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention.Fig. 6 is the vertical view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention.Impulse generator described in the present invention 3 comprises impeller 9 and the impeller base 6 of locating impeller, changes flow area to change impulse amplitude by the impeller blade radius that changes impeller 9, changes pulse frequency by the impeller blade quantity that changes impeller 9.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of vibration nozzle 5 of the present invention.As seen from Figure 6, the reduced cross-sectional area of the sectional area ratio self-oscillation chamber 4 of vibration nozzle 5 is a lot, makes fluid jet become interrupted eddy current ring.
Fig. 8 is for being impulse generator body construction schematic diagram of the present invention.Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the fluid intake section 7 of described body 1 can be cylindric or is little round table-like of outer imperial palace.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the shape of the shape of the inlet of described diversion division 2 and the outlet of diversion division can be rectangle or circle.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, also be provided with the inlet that is used to snap in impulse generator on diversion division 2 and the end face that described impulse generator 3 combines, and make the outlet of described diversion division 2 and the fin that described impeller 9 aligns.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the cross sectional shape of the multistage runner that is provided with in the self-oscillation portion can be circle or polygon.
Continous-stable drilling fluid at a high speed enters baffle forces impeller to rotate the generation pulse-type disturbance at a high speed to the generation of the impeller in impeller assembly tangential force, change flow area to change impulse amplitude by the impeller blade radius that changes impeller, change pulse frequency by the impeller blade quantity that changes impeller; Enter the self-oscillation chamber on vibration nozzle top then, the pulse drilling liquid flow amplifies and generation fluid resonance at this chamber, produce strong pulsation collar vortex stream in outlet, mode with surge pressure is impacted the shaft bottom, improve bottom-hole flow field, reduce the ability that " chip hold down effect " improves clear rock of jet and broken rock, thereby improved rate of penetration.
Fig. 9 is the directional type nozzle arrangements schematic diagram of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of the present invention.Figure 10 is the upward view of drill bit of the present invention.Organ tubulose resonator can the humorous resonance of formation sound, makes directional type nozzle 10 outlet jets become interrupted collar vortex stream, brings out the generation of cavitation; Simultaneously, crooked certain angle of nozzle 10 outlets and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit 11 smear metal teeth cooperate, as shown in figure 11; Nozzle 10 is embedded, and its structure realizes the hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock as shown in Figure 9.This nozzle is taked directed the installation, forms the broken rock mode of waterpower and mechanically combining, has improved broken rock of drill bit and shaft bottom large rock-clearing effect.Figure 12 is the schematic perspective view of the self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of design machine-shaping.
Figure 13 is the assembling schematic diagram of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit.The lower end short circuit of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit 11 and waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device is combined together use, with the cavitation effect of further enhance fluid, improves rock breaking capacity.Most preferred embodiment is specific as follows: step 1 is to carry out in the drillng operation at drilling tool, imports the liquid stream of the continous-stable be used to impact the shaft bottom; Step 2 is the liquid stream of this continous-stable of periodic disturbance, makes it to form effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid, in order to increase impact effect; Step 3 is with the liquid amplification of effect of Fluid Pulsation and makes it to produce resonance, so just it is changed for the pulse resonance working fluid; Step 4 is by the sectional area that dwindles fluid, accelerates its flow velocity, and it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively environmental liquids; Step 5 is to make this liquid form the flow-disturbing whirlpool, produces cavitation phenomenon; To be the high-speed pulse resonance working fluids that will produce cavitation phenomenon flow into organ pipe nozzle on the drill bit in the mode of surge pressure to step 6; Step 6 is cavitation jet further amplifications through organ pipe resonance, the high speed impact shaft bottom.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| CN200610098598A CN101105115B (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet drilling device and drill bit |
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| CN200610098598A CN101105115B (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet drilling device and drill bit |
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| CN2009101691222A Division CN101705789B (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method |
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| CN101105115B true CN101105115B (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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