CN101054568B - Special biological organic fertilizer for tobacco, preparation and use method - Google Patents
Special biological organic fertilizer for tobacco, preparation and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101054568B CN101054568B CN200710098405A CN200710098405A CN101054568B CN 101054568 B CN101054568 B CN 101054568B CN 200710098405 A CN200710098405 A CN 200710098405A CN 200710098405 A CN200710098405 A CN 200710098405A CN 101054568 B CN101054568 B CN 101054568B
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- fertilizer
- biological bacteria
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a microbe composition, tobacco-dedicated biological organic fertilizer containing the composition, its usage method. The microbe composition comprises aztobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacteria capable of preventing and treating plant disease and insect pests. The microbe composition is mixed according to proportion with oligochitosan, lignite, grass charcoal, and bean cake and fermented to make bacteria powder fertilizer, and further added with potassium-enriching shale, bentonite and water-keeping agent to make bacteria granule fertilizer. The tobacco-dedicated biological organic fertilizer contains the above-mentioned bacteria powder fertilizer and granule fertilizer which contains natural mineral and good organic substance, C/N value being large, which fit the growth rule of tobacco plant and promote potassium fertilizer efficiency and possesses long-lasting potassium-supply capability and provides effective ingredient for tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the bio-organic fertilizer technical field, relate in more detail and contain microorganism species, have control tobacco plant disease and pest effect and help the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of tobacco plant growth rhythm desired nutritional composition and preparation, using method.
Background technology
Tobacco contains element kind more than 40, and wherein some is a bioelement.In bioelement, C, H, O are from empty G﹠W, and remaining all is to come from soil, therefore become mineral nutrient element.Bioelement has: macroelement (N, P, K), moderate-element (Ca, Mg, S), trace element (Cl, Cu, B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Fe).
At present, as improving cigarette quality, increase the output value and protecting tobacco plant not to be subjected to the major measure of various disease and pests harm, be to use number of chemical pesticide control method.Chemical prevention remains to produce and goes up one of major measure that adopts with its efficient, easy characteristics.But owing to use chemical pesticide to cause the increase of pesticide residue in the tobacco leaf extensively, in a large number and chronically, destroyed, the pollution of farmland microecological balance and environment.
Usually the fertilizer that uses in tobacco plant mainly is the composite fertilizer of inorganic fertilizer combination, mixing fertilizer, the farm manure of organic-inorganic combination, the bio-organic fertilizer that utilizes organic matter fermentations such as excrement of animals and straw to form.Owing to use chemical fertilizer throughout the year, cause the tobacco-growing soil physico-chemical property to aggravate, soil compaction, permeability is poor.And one of effective ways of improving the soil are the amounts of application that strengthens fertilizer.Though biological organic fertilizer can improve the physico-chemical property of soil, can improve the fixing of nitrogen in the soil again, the organic character in the biological organic fertilizer is bad, contains a large amount of harmful germs and sick worm's ovum and pollutes tobacco-growing soil.
Carbon in the present biological organic fertilizer (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio is unfavorable for the ventilation property of soil for a short time, can not provide the enough energy for soil microorganisms, this will cause the inharmonious of the interior compound of tobacco, the fertilizer efficiency performance of present biological organic fertilizer deviates from tobacco growing desired nutritional rule, causes the interior quality of tobacco to reduce.
China's tobacco-growing soil mineral composition is mainly based on clay mineral, Gu potassium capability is stronger.Fixed by the soil mineral lattice very soon after potash fertilizer is manured into soil, this situation is be manured into soil increasing of the increase of back time and alternation of wetting and drying number of times and further increasing of potash fertilizer.Because solid potassium is serious, executes the potassium DeGrain, the fertilizer intermediary and later stages are for the potassium capability deficiency.
Above-mentioned condition produces to tobacco and quality is brought many unfavorable factors, and the physiological metabolism of tobacco plant has been disturbed and destroyed to some factor, and had a strong impact on inherent quality of tobacco leaf.
Mainly there is the problem of the following aspects in the bio-organic fertilizer of tobacco plant use at present:
(1) the tobacco infectious disease recurrent mainly contain virus disease (TMV, CMV, PVY), red-star like disease, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, and cigarette aphid, oriental tobacco budworm etc.For the improvement of these disease and pests, mainly be to adopt cultural control, chemical prevention and biological control etc. at present.Chemical prevention remains to produce and goes up one of major measure that adopts with its efficient, easy characteristics.But owing to use chemical pesticide to cause the increase of pesticide residue in the tobacco leaf extensively, in a large number and chronically, the resistance of sick worm strengthens and is rampant once again.Moreover, using of chemical pesticide also caused natural enemy to be killed and wounded in a large number, destroyed, the pollution of farmland microecological balance and environment.Biological control mainly is foliage spray.Because biological control is the long-acting improvement of relying mainly on prevention, so when disease occurs, spray biological pesticide can not take effect (cigarette strain blade face to the absorbed dose of biological pesticide seldom) and poor effect more at once.
(2) remaining a large amount of harmful germs and sick worm's ovums in the organic matter in the existing bio-organic fertilizer can not be removed fully though carry out sterilising treatment, make cigarette strain edatope cause the artificial contamination.Stalk in farm manure decomposition in soil can produce a part of organic acid such as butyric acid, acetate etc., and cigarette strain root growth and absorption nutrient are all had bad influence.
(3) tobacco plant is to need nitrogen obviously to increase after the land for growing field crops is transplanted in the cigarette strain to the demand rule of nitrogen, and cigarette strain growth reaches and need the nitrogen peak mid-term, reduces gradually afterwards, does not need nitrogen substantially to cigarette strain later stage of growing.And bio-organic fertilizer carbon containing (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio that present tobacco is generally used is little, and biological organic fertilizer C/N ratio is little, just is unfavorable for the ventilation property of soil, can not provide the enough energy for soil microorganisms.C/N ratio is meant that for a short time carbon (C) cellulose content is low, and the consequence that promptly causes is: the activity of soil microorganisms, and must after providing certain carbon (C) source, fertilizer could breed growth applying.And the present little both carbon of biological organic fertilizer C/N ratio (C) cellulose content is low, the carbohydrate that applies in the fertilizer can not provide enough energy for the activity of microorganism, and the propagation activity of microorganism is inactive, just can not promote the mineralising of organonitrogen (N) effectively, for the cigarette strain provides enough nutrition, and needing the plain critical period of mass efficient nitrogen (N) after this moment, the cigarette strain was transplanted just, this will run counter to the quality that the cigarette strain needs nitrogen (N) rule and has a strong impact on the growth of cigarette strain and reduce tobacco leaf.Therefore, need a kind of carbon (C)/big bio-organic fertilizer of nitrogen (N) ratio, have enough carbon (C) plain, make the quick breeding activity of microorganism promote the mineralising of organonitrogen (N), be the required plain nutrition of nitrogen (N) of cigarette strain supply for microorganism provides the enough energy.
(4) the potassium element is particularly important to improving quality of tobacco, and needs long-acting supply potassium element, and particularly the cigarette strain intermediary and later stages are higher to the demand of potassium element.The potassium content in tobacco leaf height can improve tobacco leaf structure, color, makes the tabacco fragrance foot, and incendivity is good, and tobacco leaf high resilience fillibility is strong.Potassium content is generally about 4% in the external high-quality tobacco tobacco leaf, and China's tobacco leaf is generally about 2%.The solid potassium capability of China's tobacco-growing soil is stronger, though at present the biological organic fertilizer that uses has certain potassium decomposing effect, because soil water-retaining poor performance and be subjected to the influence of soil alternation of wetting and drying makes the plain intermediary and later stages deliverability deficiency of potassium.Therefore after applying biological organic fertilizer, also need impose a large amount of chemical potash fertilizer, the potash fertilizer that present tobacco planting is used mainly is vitriolate of tartar and saltpetre, it is a quick-acting fertilizer, big and the contaminated soil of water leaching loss waste, chemical hazard residue increases in the tobacco leaf, and inner quality then shows as the fragrance deficiency, and is jealous not good, the tar content height, the demand of incompatibility Safety cigarette industrial development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of microbial bacteria composition, antagonism not between each microorganism live bacteria, collaborative mutually, in order to preparation biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer, biological bacteria particle fertilizer and tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer that contains the mentioned microorganism bacteria composition and preparation method thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the method for above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of using to seed pelleting.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biological bacteria particle fertilizer that contains the mentioned microorganism bacteria composition and preparation method thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special that contains above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer and biological bacteria particle fertilizer and preparation method thereof.This biological organic fertilizer has control tobacco disease insect pest effect, the good organic matter of natural mineral that does not contain disease and pest, carbon containing (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio is big, meeting the cigarette strain needs the Harmony of compound in nitrogen (N) rule and the favourable enhancement tobacco, improve effect of potassium fertilizer and have long-acting for potassium capability, for tobacco plant provides effective nutritive ingredient.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tobacco seedling fertilizer that contains above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of microbial bacteria composition, the component strain weight ratio that contains in its bacterium liquid is: aztobacter sp or Bacillus licheniformis: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: bacterium=(10～30) that can prevent and treat plant pest: (5～20): (5～20): (20～50): (10～40).Wherein, the microbial bacteria composition contains viable count 50～8,000,000,000/gram.
The invention provides a kind of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer that contains the mentioned microorganism bacteria composition, by weight, wherein comprise microbial bacteria composition: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=(10～30): (0.5～10): (5～15): (30～75): (5～30).Wherein, biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer contains viable count 4～600,000,000/gram.
The preparation method of above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is:
(1) with aztobacter sp or Bacillus licheniformis, fluorescence false unicellular bacterium, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus and the bacterium that can prevent and treat plant pest by weight being (10～30): (5～20): (5～20): (20～50): (10～40) are mixed into the microbial bacteria combination in container;
(2) oligochitosan, brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made powder respectively, the high-temperature sterilization postcooling; By the microbial bacteria composition: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=(10～30): (0.5～10): (5～15): (30～75): the weight ratio of (5～30) is stirred into the bacteria agent base-material with powder;
(3) the microbial bacteria composition in the step (1) is linked into according to the above ratio bacteria agent base-material in the step (2) after, be deployed into biological bacteria pulvis compound through the water that stirs, fermentation, oven dry makes biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.Wherein, biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer contains number of viable 4～600,000,000/gram.
Biological bacteria pulvis mixture temperature in above-mentioned (3) step remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, and fermentation time is 24～96 hours, preferred 36-72 hour.
The total water content of the biological bacteria pulvis compound in above-mentioned (3) step is 25%.
The bacterium of the above-mentioned plant pest prevented and treated can be one or more in genus bacillus or the streptomycete.
Above-mentioned genus bacillus can be subtilis or bacillus thuringiensis; Streptomycete is the Hangzhou mutation of light gray streptomycete, thorn spore streptomyces hygroscopicus, streptomyces microflavus, lightskyblue streptomycete, Jingyang streptomycete or thin yellow actinomycetes.
The bacterium of the above-mentioned plant pest prevented and treated is lightskyblue streptomycete and streptomyces microflavus, and its mixed weight ratio is 1～4: 1～4.
The invention provides a kind of biological bacteria particle fertilizer that contains above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer, by weight, wherein comprise biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=(10～40): (50～80): (5～10): (0.5～10).Wherein, biological bacteria particle fertilizer contains viable count 0.3～0.5 hundred million/gram.
The preparation method of above-mentioned biological bacteria granule fertilizer is:
(1) rich potassium shale, wilkinite are pulverized high-temperature sterilization, cooling;
(2) add above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer, by weight, its blending ratio is: biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=(10～40): (50～80): (5～10): (0.5～5), stir fermentation, oven dry;
(3) add water-holding agent in proportion and mix stirring again, adopt the preparation technology who produces particle fertilizer to make biological bacteria granule fertilizer.Water-holding agent wherein can be ammonium potassium agglutinent water-loss reducer of soil, non-metallic minerals water-loss reducer of soil, polyacrylamide water-holding agent or polyacrylate and polyacrylamide interpolymer water-loss reducer of soil.
The leavening temperature of above-mentioned (2) step remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermentation time 96～168 hours, and the stirring time is 4～16 hours; Preferred fermentation time 120-144 hour, the stirring time was 8-12 hour.Wherein, biological bacteria granule fertilizer contain number of viable be 0.3～0.5 hundred million/gram.
The fertile preparation technology of particle in above-mentioned (3) can select extrusion process, disk comminution granulation, drum granulating method, screw rod extruding pelletization method, spherolite molding, granulating method, pair roller non-slurry pelletizing method for use and to the tooth comminution granulation etc.
The invention provides a kind of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special that contains above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer and biological bacteria particle fertilizer, the fertile and biological bacteria particle fertilizer comprising the biological bacteria pulvis, its weight percent is 10～30: 70～90.
The present invention is used for the seed treatment of tobacco plant, the fertilizer of growing seedlings, base manure, topdresses and foliage fertilizer, can be used in combination also and can use separately.
(1) seed treatment:
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing the above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer that makes to seed pelleting: in Pelleting equipment, add biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer and dressing adhesive specially, be shaped by impelling the seed pelleting Pelleting behind the dyeing; By weight, wherein the blending ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 1.5～3.0.
(2) fertilizer of growing seedlings:
The invention provides a kind of tobacco seedling fertilizer, with the fertile preparation of above-mentioned biological bacteria pulvis grow seedling nutritional matrix; Comprising biological bacteria pulvis and seedling medium, described seedling medium be weight ratio be 7: 3 plant crude opium and fine perlite, biological bacteria pulvis and seedling medium material are by 1～5: 10 weight ratio mixes tobacco seedling fertilizer.
The characteristics and the effect of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention:
The present invention is through repetition test research, found that the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special that the present invention obtains, have control tobacco plant disease and pest effect, can promote the tobacco plant growth, improve soil physical and chemical property, effectively decompose nitrogen in the soil (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and carbon containing (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio is big, contain the rich potassium shale of natural mineral, contain and have or not the sodium water-holding agent, contain nutritive elements such as oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, iron, magnesium.
(1) the present invention has control tobacco disease insect pest effect, the good organic matter of natural mineral that does not contain disease and pest, carbon containing (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio is big, the Harmony of compound in the favourable enhancement tobacco, contain the rich potassium shale of natural mineral, improve effect of potassium fertilizer and have the long-acting potassium capability that supplies, according to the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the effective nutritive ingredient of tobacco plant growth rhythm proportioning.The present invention does not contain chemical fertilizer, is All Pure Nature mineral organic nutrition fertilizerses, and is pollution-free to soil, is the desirable ecological, environmental protective microbial organic fertilizer special of production safety tobacco leaf.
(2) contain a large amount of antimicrobial substances in the meta-bolites of the microbial bacteria combination in the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention, phytokinin (CTK), Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA3), indolylacetic acid (IAA) etc. are arranged in its meta-bolites, and its productive rate proportioning reaches preferable states.Show through a large amount of experiments with to the field test of various crop, to Alternaria alternate, tobacco bacterial wilt, tobacco root knot nematode disease, mosaic disease (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) etc. has prevention effect, disease resistance with evoking tobacco plant, some fungies, bacterium and virus are produced immunity, can change soil microflora, the promotion beneficial microorganism is grown and is suppressed some tobacco plant pathogenic bacterias, can increase the organic composition in the soil effectively, promote soil aggregate to form.
(3) oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide) selected for use of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention combination, brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake, rich potassium shale etc. are natural, as not contain disease and pest natural mineral high-quality organic substances.Help beneficial microorganism fauna environment, reduce pollution, promote the beneficial microorganism growth and inhibition pathogenic bacteria infecting the cigarette strain to tobacco-growing soil.
(4) carbon containing (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio helps beneficial microbe colony growth and breeding in the soil greatly in the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention, improve the ventilative and fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, improve tobacco and include compound Harmony, improve tobacco unit output and commercial quality of tobacco.
(5) contain the rich potassium shale of natural mineral in the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention, belong to the solubility in citric acid potassium (K2O) and silicon (SiO2) nutrient that can be absorbed by root system of plant, can effectively improve the potassium content of tobacco leaf, can improve potassium utilization rate in conjunction with silicate-dissolving microbe of the present invention, can improve effect of potassium fertilizer and have long-acting for potassium capability, be difficult for being run off, can not cause the natural potash fertilizer of long-acting slow-release of agricultural pollution by trickle.
(6) tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention makes up the ammonium potassium agglutinent water-loss reducer of soil that contains, do not contain the deleterious sodium of soil, water-holding agent itself contains the potassium element, can improve and plant cigarette root system liquid manure environment, can improve potassium utilization rate in conjunction with silicate-dissolving microbe of the present invention, prolong effect of potassium fertilizer and improve the supply potassium capability of potash fertilizer in the tobacco growing intermediary and later stages.Water-holding agent can be decomposed into carbonic acid gas, water and nitrogen under the effect of sunlight, useful and harmless to soil, can also water saving and minimizing dressing fertilizer amount.
Need to prove that especially the prepared biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention fertilizer, biological bacteria granule fertilizer and tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special are not limited only to use on the tobacco crop.The contriver tests made biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer on other plant and farm crop, promptly utilizing biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer to carry out seed pelleting handles, the seed pelleting that comprises celery, paddy rice, Chinese cabbage, corn is handled, and to the processing of growing seedlings of paddy rice, contrast and experiment shows that plant after treatment and farm crop have all been received the effect of increasing both production and income.In addition, apple tree is used the processing of biological tobacco fertilizer combination of the present invention and compares with control group, and volume increase is in various degree all arranged, 9.12 kilograms of the heavy average increases of all kinds of fruits, average mu volume increase 277.7kg.
Embodiment
Related microbial bacteria and the explanation of other raw material among the embodiment below the present invention:
One, microbial bacteria
(1) aztobacter sp (Azotobacter chroococcum), (preservation of Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center, numbering: 20025).
(2) the false unicellular bacterium (inorganic phosphorus bacteria) (Pseudomonas fluorescens) of fluorescence.
(3) bacillus megaterium (organophosphorus bacterium) (Bacillus megaterium).
(4) Bacillus mucilaginosus (potassium solubilizing bacteria) (Bacillus macilagiaosus).
(5) lightskyblue streptomycete (Streptomyces coelicolor).
(6) streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus).
Above microbial strains (2)～(6) are numbered in the preservation of Guangdong Microbes Inst DSMZ: (2) GIM1.49, (3) GIM1.13, (4) GIM1.15, (5) GIM4.66, (6) GIM 4.52.
Used microorganism among the present invention both can have been used contained microorganism in live bacteria agent of selling on the market etc., the microorganism that also can use the strain culturing of selling on the market.
Following bacterial classification also can be used for the present invention.
1, Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) (having spontaneous nitrogen fixing capacity)
2, subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) (preventing and treating oxyuriasis)
3, bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis) (effect of control harmful insect is very strong)
4, light gray streptomycete Hangzhou mutation (Streptomyces griseolus var hangzhouensis)
(produce killing the aphid element, very strong) to aphid, red spider preventive and therapeutic effect
5, thorn spore streptomyces hygroscopicus (Strepomyces hygrospinosus) (product allow actidione, can prevent and treat the various plants fungal disease)
6, Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyangtnsis) (producing phytokinin and antibiotic material)
7, thin yellow actinomycetes (Streptomyces microflavrs).
Above culture presevation is in Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, deposit number:
1、01050；2、10655；3、11182；4、40075；5、40018；6、40021；7、GIM 4.52。
Two, oligochitosan
Oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide) is an ocean bottom sediments shells extract matter, itself contains abundant organic carbon (C) and organonitrogen (N), can be utilized by microbiological degradation and as the nutrient of plant-growth.Can change soil microflora, the promotion beneficial microorganism is grown and is suppressed some phytopathogens.But the disease resistance of inducing plant produces immunity and killing action to multiple fungi, bacterium and virus.
The tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of microorganism combination and oligochitosan and organic substance and nutritive element combination can effectively promote the cigarette strain to grow among the present invention, and tobacco virus such as tobacco mosaic disease and cucumber mosaic virus are had tangible preventive and therapeutic effect.Organic carbon (C) content 〉=40% of oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), organonitrogen (N) content 〉=8%.
Three, the combination of organic substance and nutritive element
(1) brown coal: be natural coal slime material, the ature of coal trade mark is brown coal, is microorganism high-quality sorbent material.Total humic acid 〉=30%, free humic acid 〉=30%, organic (air dried basis) 〉=80%, ash 10～15%, xanthohumic acid 〉=10%, calcium 〉=10%, magnesium 〉=1%, trace elements such as iron content, manganese, silicon.PH value 6～7.
(2) peat composed of rotten mosses: be natural herb (woody) charcoal mud material, organic carbon (C) content height is the good nutrition sorbent material of microorganism.Full nitrogen 〉=2%, full phosphorus 〉=0.2%, full potassium 〉=0.1%, organic 〉=80%, free humic acid 〉=45%, crude ash content 10～15%, organic carbon 30～40%, pH value 5.5～6.
(3) soya-bean cake: soybean cake contains thick organism 75%～85%, (N) 7.00%, (P2O5) 1.32%, (K2O) 2.13%.Rapeseed cake contains (N) 7.60, and (P2O5) 2.48, (K2O) 1.40.
The preferred soybean cake of the present invention and rapeseed cake, more preferably soybean cake.
(4) rich potassium shale: the rich potassium shale of natural mineral, ore contains potassium (K2O) 10～15% based on black and green illite shale, silicon (SiO2) 30～40%, magnesium (MgO) 0.8～1.1%, iron (TFe) 4～4.5%.
(5) wilkinite: the wilkinite that the present invention selects for use is as the fertile tackiness agent of particle.This product is picked up from natural montmorillonite ore deposit, and product is a white powder, and is nontoxic, tasteless, smectite content 95-98% wherein, silicon-dioxide (SiO2) content 3-5%, aluminium sesquioxide (Al2O3) 0.5-1%.
(6) water-holding agent: selected water-holding agent is an ammonium potassium agglutinent water-loss reducer of soil in the specific embodiments of the invention, does not wherein contain the deleterious sodium of soil, and this product can be decomposed into carbonic acid gas, water and nitrogen under the effect of sunlight, useful and harmless to soil.
The water-holding agent that the present invention uses can also be non-metallic minerals water-loss reducer of soil, polyacrylamide water-holding agent or polyacrylate and polyacrylamide interpolymer water-loss reducer of soil, but is not limited only to above-mentioned several.Wherein,
The non-metallic minerals water-loss reducer of soil can be compound with non-metallic minerals and macromolecular material, improved product salt tolerant alkalescence energy, improved the adaptability of product in Chinese soil, after being applied to soil, can not produce pollution, on the other hand, its adding can reduce the content of polymer moiety.Realize natural degradation under the microorganism that polymer moiety can be in soil and the acting in conjunction of Mycophyta, noresidue can not produce any negative impact to soil, plant and environment for human survival.
The polyacrylamide water-holding agent then is to form hydrogel at plant root soil and suction on every side thereof, root system can in time obtain moisture nutrition, the water holding capacity of growth matrix improves greatly like this, thereby promotes plant-growth, and the reduction of soil water flow vector simultaneously also makes water consumption and the number of times that waters reduces.Because water-holding agent can absorb and discharge moisture in a large number in soil, first imbibition post shrinkage, this physical action repeatedly makes a kind of air permeability and good of Soil conservation promote the plant root growth.
Polyacrylate and polyacrylamide interpolymer water-loss reducer of soil have nontoxic, safety and environmental protection, and be nonpoisonous and tasteless, do not pollute plant, soil and underground water, and final resolvent is carbonic acid gas, water, ammonia-state nitrogen and sodium or potassium ion, does not have any residual.
Below will the invention will be further described by embodiment, these descriptions are not to do further to limit to content of the present invention.One skilled in the art will understand that to be equal to replacement to what the technical characterictic of content of the present invention was done, or corresponding the improvement, still belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
(1) preparation of biological bacteria liquid combination:
The glass measure of preparation utensil: 1000mL shakes can container.
Glass measure with 1000mL measures microbial inoculum.The operation room temperature must not be higher than 20 ℃.
Biological bacteria liquid weight ratio of the present invention is: aztobacter sp: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: lightskyblue streptomycete: streptomyces microflavus=10: 20: 20: 20: 10: 20, the biological inoculum of above ratio is mixed into the combination of biological bacteria liquid in shaking can container.
(2) preparation of organotrophy base-material:
Oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made 100 purpose powders respectively, and stirring in proportion is mixed into the organotrophy base-material, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, and base-material oven dry back moisture≤10%.
(3) preparation of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer:
Preparation equipment: the pot type stirrer, metering fluid filling pump (band spray header), horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
1. combination of biological bacteria liquid and organotrophy base-material proportioning:
Weight ratio is: microbial bacteria composition: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=15: 0.5: 9.5: 60: 15.
2. the organotrophy base-material is packed in the pot type stirrer, machine to rotate and stir, with the metering fluid filling pump biological bacteria is made up liquid and spray in the pot type stirrer, be deployed into the biological bacteria pulvis compound of total water content 25% through stirring with distilled water.Again compound is put into horizontal spiral and stir fermenter, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 48 hours, and per 4 hours stirrings once.After treating that biological bacteria powder compound ferments, drying (temperature is no more than 60 ℃), moisture≤10%, be ground into 100 orders biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention.
(4) the fertile preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Preparation equipment: be fertilizer extruding nodulizer, the pot type stirrer, horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
Fertile and the fertile base-material proportioning of biological bacteria granule of biological bacteria pulvis:
Weight ratio is biological bacteria powder fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer 40: 50: 9.5: 0.5.
2. the fertile base-material preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Rich potassium shale, bentonite in powder are broken into 100 purpose base-materials, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, through being cooled to the normal temperature base-material;
The preparation of the fertile compound of biological bacteria granule:
Biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is put into the pot type stirrer with the fertile base-material of biological bacteria granule of above-mentioned preparation in proportion be stirred into compound, compound being put into horizontal spiral stirs fermenter and ferments again, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermented 120 hours, per 8 hours stirrings once.After material to be mixed ferments, the fertile compound of existing biological bacteria granule.
4. the preparation of biological bacteria granule fertilizer:
The fertile compound of biological bacteria granule is dried to (temperature is no more than 60 ℃) moisture≤5%; when the fertile mixture temperature of biological bacteria granule drops to 35 ℃, it is added in the pot type stirrer; machine to rotate to stir and add water-holding agent remix stirring 10 minutes after 10 minutes; join immediately in the fertilizer extruding nodulizer and make diameter 3～5mm particle, become biological bacteria granule fertilizer of the present invention.
(5) preparation of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention:
Tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention combination be packaged as 50 kilograms/bag, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer wherein, 10 kilograms of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
10 kilograms biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is packed with moulding the aluminium paper compound package material, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer are packed with compound plastic bag, two independent packagings are combined into tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention.Active bacterium quantity 0.5～100,000,000/every gram of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination.The organotrophy composition: organic content 30～50%, content of humic acid 10～20%, nitrogenous 1～2%, phosphorous 1～2%, contain potassium 8～12%, silicon 5～10%, iron content 0.5～1%, C/N 〉=15/1, and contain zinc, boron, molybdenum, magnesium, etc. trace element.
(6) using method of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention:
1, seed treatment:
(a) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention to seed pelleting:
The tobacco seed of specified amount is poured in the dressing machine, is started turn switch then, treat spin stabilization after, spray into and prepare certain density dressing adhesive specially, so repeatedly for several times, make its basic forming; Add the amplification that the dressing adhesive specially makes the seed pelleting multiple by Pelleting equipment then, when the coating seeds diameter reaches 1.2mm, the microbial bacteria pulvis and the dressing adhesive specially that promptly add specified amount, up to diameter is 2.0～3.0mm, at last by impelling coat pelleted seeds finally to be shaped behind the dyeing.The ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and microbial bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 1.5.
(b) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention that seed is soaked:
Use biological bacteria pulvis among the present invention to convert 25～28 ℃ of distilled water dilutings to 15 times, soaked 12 hours with the tobacco seed of cleaner liquid with certainweight the back that stirs, and pulls shady and cool 10 minutes out and can sow.The fertile ratio with tobacco seed of biological bacteria pulvis is 2: 1.
2, the fertilizer of growing seedlings:
Utilize the fertile preparation of biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention grow seedling nutritional matrix.
Preparation matrix material: utilize local crude opium (disinfecting) the 70%+30% fine perlite of planting.
Biological bacteria pulvis among use the present invention and matrix material evenly are used for tobacco seedling for tobacco seedling nutritious matrix by 1: 10 mixed.
Embodiment two:
(1) preparation of biological bacteria liquid combination:
The glass measure of preparation utensil: 1000mL shakes can container.
Glass measure with 1000mL measures microbial inoculum.The operation room temperature must not be higher than 20 ℃.
Biological bacteria liquid weight ratio of the present invention is: aztobacter sp: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: lightskyblue streptomycete: streptomyces microflavus=15: 5: 5: 50: 20: 5, the biological inoculum of above ratio is mixed into the combination of biological bacteria liquid in shaking can container.
(2) preparation of organotrophy base-material:
Oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made 100 purpose powders respectively, and stirring in proportion is mixed into the organotrophy base-material, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, and base-material oven dry back moisture≤10%.
(3) preparation of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer:
Preparation equipment: the pot type stirrer, metering fluid filling pump (band spray header), horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
1. combination of biological bacteria liquid and organotrophy base-material proportioning:
Weight ratio is the biological bacteria combination: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=10: 1: 5: 75: 9.
2. the organotrophy base-material is packed in the pot type stirrer, machine to rotate and stir, with the metering fluid filling pump biological bacteria is made up liquid and spray in the pot type stirrer, be deployed into the biological bacteria pulvis compound of total water content 25% through stirring with distilled water.Again compound is put into horizontal spiral and stir fermenter, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 72 hours, and per 4 hours stirrings once.After treating that biological bacteria powder compound ferments, drying (temperature is no more than 60 ℃), moisture≤10%, be ground into 100 orders biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention.
(4) the fertile preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Preparation equipment: be fertilizer extruding nodulizer, the pot type stirrer, horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
Fertile and the fertile base-material proportioning of biological bacteria granule of biological bacteria pulvis:
Weight ratio is biological bacteria powder fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=29: 60: 10: 1.
2. the fertile base-material preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Rich potassium shale, bentonite in powder are broken into 100 purpose base-materials, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, through being cooled to the normal temperature base-material; Biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is put into the pot type stirrer with above-mentioned base-material in proportion be stirred into compound, compound is put into horizontal spiral again and stirred fermenter and ferment, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 96 hours, and per 4 hours stirrings once.After material to be mixed ferments, the fertile compound of existing biological bacteria granule.
4. the preparation of biological bacteria granule fertilizer:
The fertile compound of biological bacteria granule is dried to (temperature is no more than 60 ℃) moisture≤5%; when the fertile mixture temperature of biological bacteria granule drops to 35 ℃, it is added in the pot type stirrer; machine to rotate to stir and add water-holding agent remix stirring 10 minutes after 10 minutes; join immediately in the fertilizer extruding nodulizer and make diameter 3～5mm particle, become biological bacteria granule fertilizer of the present invention.
(5) preparation of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention:
Tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention combination be packaged as 50 kilograms/bag, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer wherein, 10 kilograms of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
10 kilograms biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is packed with moulding the aluminium paper compound package material, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer are packed with compound plastic bag, two independent packagings are combined into tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention.
(6) using method of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention:
1, seed treatment:
(a) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention to seed pelleting:
The tobacco seed of specified amount is poured in the dressing machine, is started turn switch then, treat spin stabilization after, spray into and prepare certain density dressing adhesive specially, so repeatedly for several times, make its basic forming; Add the amplification that the dressing adhesive specially makes the seed pelleting multiple by Pelleting equipment then, when the coating seeds diameter reaches 1.2mm, the microbial bacteria pulvis and the dressing adhesive specially that promptly add specified amount, up to diameter is 2.0～2.2mm, at last by impelling coat pelleted seeds finally to be shaped behind the dyeing.The ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and microbial bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 2.
(b) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention that seed is soaked:
Use biological bacteria pulvis among the present invention to convert 25～28 ℃ of distilled water dilutings to 20 times, soaked 12 hours with the tobacco seed of cleaner liquid with certainweight the back that stirs, and pulls shady and cool 10 minutes out and can sow.The fertile ratio with tobacco seed of biological bacteria pulvis is 2.3: 1.
2, the fertilizer of growing seedlings:
Utilize the fertile preparation of biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention grow seedling nutritional matrix.
Preparation matrix material: utilize local crude opium (disinfecting) the 70%+30% fine perlite of planting.
Biological bacteria pulvis among use the present invention and matrix material evenly are used for tobacco seedling for tobacco seedling nutritious matrix by 2.5: 10 mixed.
Embodiment three:
(1) preparation of biological bacteria liquid combination:
The glass measure of preparation utensil: 1000mL shakes can container.
Glass measure with 1000mL measures microbial inoculum.The operation room temperature must not be higher than 20 ℃.
Biological bacteria liquid weight ratio of the present invention is: aztobacter sp: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: lightskyblue streptomycete: streptomyces microflavus=25: 10: 10: 40: 5: 10, the biological inoculum of above ratio is mixed into the combination of biological bacteria liquid in shaking can container.
(2) preparation of organotrophy base-material:
Oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made 100 purpose powders respectively, and stirring in proportion is mixed into the organotrophy base-material, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, and base-material oven dry back moisture≤10%.
(3) preparation of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer:
Preparation equipment: the pot type stirrer, metering fluid filling pump (band spray header), horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
1. combination of biological bacteria liquid and organotrophy base-material proportioning:
Weight ratio is the biological bacteria combination: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=20: 5: 15: 50: 10.
2. the organotrophy base-material is packed in the pot type stirrer, machine to rotate and stir, with the metering fluid filling pump biological bacteria is made up liquid and spray in the pot type stirrer, be deployed into the biological bacteria pulvis compound of total water content 25% through stirring with distilled water.Again compound is put into horizontal spiral and stir fermenter, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 24 hours, and per 4 hours stirrings once.After treating that biological bacteria powder compound ferments, drying (temperature is no more than 60 ℃), moisture≤10%, be ground into 100 orders biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention.
(4) the fertile preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Preparation equipment: be fertilizer extruding nodulizer, the pot type stirrer, horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
Fertile and the fertile base-material proportioning of biological bacteria granule of biological bacteria pulvis:
Weight ratio is biological bacteria powder fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=10: 80: 7: 3.
2. the fertile base-material preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Rich potassium shale, bentonite in powder are broken into 100 purpose base-materials, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, through being cooled to the normal temperature base-material; Biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is put into the pot type stirrer with above-mentioned base-material in proportion be stirred into compound, compound being put into horizontal spiral stirs fermenter and ferments again, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 168 hours, and per 16 hours stirrings once.After material to be mixed ferments, the fertile compound of existing biological bacteria granule.
4. the preparation of biological bacteria granule fertilizer:
The fertile compound of biological bacteria granule is dried to (temperature is no more than 60 ℃) moisture≤5%; when the fertile mixture temperature of biological bacteria granule drops to 35 ℃, it is added in the pot type stirrer; machine to rotate to stir and add water-holding agent remix stirring 10 minutes after 10 minutes; join immediately in the fertilizer extruding nodulizer and make diameter 3～5mm particle, become biological bacteria granule fertilizer of the present invention.
(5) preparation of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention:
Tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention combination be packaged as 50 kilograms/bag, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer wherein, 10 kilograms of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
10 kilograms biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is packed with moulding the aluminium paper compound package material, 40 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer are packed with compound plastic bag, two independent packagings are combined into tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention.
(6) using method of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention:
1, seed treatment:
(a) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention to seed pelleting:
The tobacco seed of specified amount is poured in the dressing machine, is started turn switch then, treat spin stabilization after, spray into and prepare certain density dressing adhesive specially, so repeatedly for several times, make its basic forming; Add the amplification that the dressing adhesive specially makes the seed pelleting multiple by Pelleting equipment then, when the coating seeds diameter reaches 1.2mm, the microbial bacteria pulvis and the dressing adhesive specially that promptly add specified amount, up to diameter is 2.0～2.2mm, at last by impelling coat pelleted seeds finally to be shaped behind the dyeing.The ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and microbial bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 2.5.
(b) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention that seed is soaked:
Use biological bacteria pulvis among the present invention to convert 25～28 ℃ of distilled water dilutings to 5 times, soaked 12 hours with the tobacco seed of cleaner liquid with certainweight the back that stirs, and pulls shady and cool 10 minutes out and can sow.The fertile ratio with tobacco seed of biological bacteria pulvis is 2.7: 1.
2, the fertilizer of growing seedlings:
Utilize the fertile preparation of biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention grow seedling nutritional matrix.
Preparation matrix material: utilize local crude opium (disinfecting) the 70%+30% fine perlite of planting.
Biological bacteria pulvis among use the present invention and matrix material evenly are used for tobacco seedling for tobacco seedling nutritious matrix by 4: 10 mixed.
Embodiment four:
(1) preparation of biological bacteria liquid combination:
The glass measure of preparation utensil: 1000mL shakes can container.
Glass measure with 1000mL measures microbial inoculum.The operation room temperature must not be higher than 20 ℃.
Biological bacteria liquid weight ratio of the present invention is: aztobacter sp: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: lightskyblue streptomycete: streptomyces microflavus=30: 15: 15: 30: 5: 5, the biological inoculum of above ratio is mixed into the combination of biological bacteria liquid in shaking can container.
(2) preparation of organotrophy base-material:
Oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made 100 purpose powders respectively, and stirring in proportion is mixed into the organotrophy base-material, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, and base-material oven dry back moisture≤10%.
(3) preparation of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer:
Preparation equipment: the pot type stirrer, metering fluid filling pump (band spray header), horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
1. combination of biological bacteria liquid and organotrophy base-material proportioning:
Weight ratio is the biological bacteria combination: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=30: 3: 7: 30: 30.
2. the organotrophy base-material is packed in the pot type stirrer, machine to rotate and stir, with the metering fluid filling pump biological bacteria is made up liquid and spray in the pot type stirrer, be deployed into the biological bacteria pulvis compound of total water content 25% through stirring with distilled water.Again compound is put into horizontal spiral and stir fermenter, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 48 hours, and per 4 hours stirrings once.After treating that biological bacteria powder compound ferments, drying (temperature is no more than 60 ℃), moisture≤10%, be ground into 100 orders biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention.
(4) the fertile preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Preparation equipment: be fertilizer extruding nodulizer, the pot type stirrer, horizontal spiral stirs fermenter.
Fertile and the fertile base-material proportioning of biological bacteria granule of biological bacteria pulvis:
Weight ratio is biological bacteria powder fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=20: 70: 5: 5.
2. the fertile base-material preparation of biological bacteria granule:
Rich potassium shale, bentonite in powder are broken into 100 purpose base-materials, with base-material high temperature (125 ℃) sterilization 4 hours, through being cooled to the normal temperature base-material.
The preparation of the fertile compound of biological bacteria granule:
Biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is put into the pot type stirrer with the base-material of above-mentioned preparation in proportion be stirred into compound, compound being put into horizontal spiral stirs fermenter and ferments again, temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, ferments 120 hours, and per 8 hours stirrings once.After material to be mixed ferments, the fertile compound of existing biological bacteria granule.
4. the preparation of biological bacteria granule fertilizer:
The fertile compound of biological bacteria granule is dried to (temperature is no more than 60 ℃) moisture≤5%; when the fertile mixture temperature of biological bacteria granule drops to 35 ℃, it is added in the pot type stirrer; machine to rotate to stir and add water-holding agent remix stirring 10 minutes after 10 minutes; join immediately in the fertilizer extruding nodulizer and make diameter 3～5mm particle, become biological bacteria granule fertilizer of the present invention.
(5) preparation of tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention:
Tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special of the present invention combination be packaged as 50 kilograms/bag, 35 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer wherein, 15 kilograms of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
15 kilograms biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is packed with moulding the aluminium paper compound package material, 35 kilograms of biological bacteria granule fertilizer are packed with compound plastic bag, two independent packagings are combined into tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention.
(6) using method of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention:
1, seed treatment:
(a) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention to seed pelleting:
The tobacco seed of specified amount is poured in the dressing machine, is started turn switch then, treat spin stabilization after, spray into and prepare certain density dressing adhesive specially, so repeatedly for several times, make its basic forming; Add the amplification that the dressing adhesive specially makes the seed pelleting multiple by Pelleting equipment then, when the coating seeds diameter reaches 1.2mm, the microbial bacteria pulvis and the dressing adhesive specially that promptly add specified amount, up to diameter is 2.0～2.2mm, at last by impelling coat pelleted seeds finally to be shaped behind the dyeing.The ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and microbial bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 3.
(b) utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention that seed is soaked:
Use biological bacteria pulvis among the present invention to convert 25～28 ℃ of distilled water dilutings to 10 times, soaked 12 hours with the tobacco seed of cleaner liquid with certainweight the back that stirs, and pulls shady and cool 10 minutes out and can sow.The fertile ratio with tobacco seed of biological bacteria pulvis is 3: 1.
2, the fertilizer of growing seedlings:
Utilize the fertile preparation of biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention grow seedling nutritional matrix.
Preparation matrix material: utilize local crude opium (disinfecting) the 70%+30% fine perlite of planting.
Biological bacteria pulvis among use the present invention and matrix material evenly are used for tobacco seedling for tobacco seedling nutritious matrix by 5: 10 mixed.
(3) base manure:
Utilize tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of the present invention as tobacco plant base manure.
After biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention and granular dose of fertilizer of the present invention can being mixed in proportion, in the soil that 50～80 kilograms every mu impose on before the cigarette strain field planting.
(4) topdress:
Utilize biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention topdressing as tobacco plant.
With fertile 5～10 kilograms every mu of biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention.
(5) foliage fertilizer:
Utilize the foliage fertilizer of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention as tobacco plant.
Convert water and be diluted to 30～50 times of cleaner liquids and spray the cigarette strain for fertile 5～10 kilograms every mu with biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention.
From improving tobacco disease resistance and improving the viewpoint consideration that tobacco produces matter, can contain microorganism, oligochitosan (plant amino-oligosaccharide), brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake, rich potassium shale, water-holding agent, wilkinite in above-mentioned scope according to planting cigarette district soil and cigarette quality situation.Just can obtain the tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special combination of good combination property of the present invention.
Embodiment five:
The present invention is to tobacco diseases and the research that improves yield of tobacco, quality aspect:
(1) microbial bacteria pulvis fertilizer of the present invention is tested the tobacco seed treatment effect:
(1) tobacco seed dressing:
Handle one:
Ratio in tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer=1: 1.5 is carried out Cotton seeds to tobacco seed.
Handle two:
Ratio in tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer=1: 2.0 is carried out Cotton seeds to tobacco seed.
Handle three:
Ratio in tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer=1: 2.5 is carried out Cotton seeds to tobacco seed.
Handle four:
Ratio in tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer=1: 3.0 is carried out Cotton seeds to tobacco seed.
The contrast sample:
The tobacco seed-coating seed.
Cotton seeds is to the main disease situation test of cigarette young plant phase
Table 1
Cotton seeds is to the influence of tobacco seedling rate and seedbed phase root system
Table 2
(2) tobacco seedling fertilizer:
The matrix material contains: 70% plant crude opium, 30% fine perlite.
Handle one:
In the fertile ratio of biological bacteria pulvis tobacco seedling nutritious matrix is handled with matrix material=1: 10.
Handle two:
In the fertile ratio of biological bacteria pulvis tobacco seedling nutritious matrix is handled with matrix material=2.5: 10.
Handle three:
In the fertile ratio of biological bacteria pulvis tobacco seedling nutritious matrix is handled with matrix material=4: 10.
Handle four:
In the fertile ratio of biological bacteria pulvis tobacco seedling nutritious matrix is handled with matrix material=5: 10.
To in the same old way:
The ratio of other biological organic fertilizer and matrix material (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are 15%)=1: 6 is handled tobacco seedling nutritious matrix.
The fertile processing of growing seedlings tested main disease situation of cigarette young plant phase
Table 3
The fertilizer of growing seedlings is handled the influence to tobacco seedling rate and seedbed phase root system
Table 4
(2) biological tobacco fertilizer of the present invention be combined in tobacco plant base manure, topdress, the effect experiment of foliage-spray:
Four biological tobacco fertilizer combined treatment samples of the present invention are established in experiment, and other biological organic fertilizer is in the same old way, 5 sub-districts, and district's group is arranged at random.100 square metres of sub-district areas.Experiment adopts membrane covering to transplant the cultivation management technology of code requirement down.
Handle 1: biological tobacco fertilizer combination 50kg/ mu bulk application of the present invention, 20kg/ mu spraying fertilizer is converted 50 times of water by 5kg/ mu biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention and is executed foliage fertilizer.
Handle 2: biological tobacco fertilizer combination 60kg/ mu bulk application of the present invention, 15kg/ mu spraying fertilizer is converted 50 times of water by 5kg/ mu biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention and is executed foliage fertilizer.
Handle 3: biological tobacco fertilizer combination 70kg/ mu bulk application of the present invention, 10kg/ mu spraying fertilizer is converted 50 times of water by 5kg/ mu biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention and is executed foliage fertilizer.
Handle 4: biological tobacco fertilizer combination 80kg/ mu bulk application of the present invention, 5kg/ mu spraying fertilizer is converted 50 times of water by 5kg/ mu biological bacteria pulvis of the present invention and is executed foliage fertilizer.
To in the same old way:
(1) base manure: tobacco leaf composite fertilizer special (N10-P10-K25) 20kg/ mu+fertilizer 50kg/ mu
(2) topdress: saltpetre 15kg/ mu+vitriolate of tartar 5kg/ mu
More than using the fertile time is respectively the root phase of stretching, group's phase, prosperous long-term
To the main disease situation test of cigarette strain
Table 5
Cigarette strain biological character in vegetative period is tested
Table 6
| Handle | Plant height (cm) | Stem girth (cm) | The number of blade | Maximum blade length * wide |
| Handle 1 | 112.5 | 10.5 | 25 | 64.8×33 |
| Handle 2 | 115.4 | 10.7 | 25 | 67×34.5 |
| Handle 3 | 117.6 | 11.3 | 26 | 67.2×34 |
| Handle 4 | 110.8 | 10.9 | 26 | 66.8×34 |
| Contrast | 108.3 | 9.54 | 25 | 63.2×31.4 |
To cigarette strain output and economical effectiveness test
Table 7
| Handle | Per mu yield (kg) | Per mu yield (unit) | Average price (unit/kg) |
| Handle 1 | 161.7 | 1335.6 | 8.26 |
| Handle 2 | 166.9 | 1395.2 | 8.36 |
| Handle 3 | 173.6 | 1470.3 | 8.47 |
| Handle 4 | 168.8 | 1421.2 | 8.42 |
| Contrast | 152.0 | 1235.7 | 8.13 |
Tobacco leaf chemical composition is analyzed
Table 8
| Handle | Reducing sugar (%) | Total nitrogen (%) | Nicotine (%) | Potassium (%) | Chlorine (%) |
| Handle 1 | 12.83 | 2.11 | 3.43 | 2.23 | 0.15 |
| Handle 2 | 11.6 | 2.4 | 3.05 | 3.06 | 0.11 |
| Handle 3 | 13.2 | 2.2 | 3.34 | 2.84 | 0.05 |
| Handle 4 | 13.4 | 2.12 | 3.67 | 2.73 | 0.02 |
| Contrast | 12.8 | 2.06 | 4.22 | 1.84 | 0.54 |
Embodiment six:
Seed pelleting, the corn test of the present invention on other plant and farm crop
(1) bacteria agent of the present invention is to the effect of increasing production of celery seed dressing
(2) effect of increasing production of bacteria agent of the present invention on the corn seed dressing
(3) the test statistics table of bacteria agent of the present invention on the Chinese cabbage seeds dressing
(4) biological tobacco microbial inoculum of the present invention is to the influence of the economic character of coating paddy seeds and seedling cultivation of rice processing
(5) use biological tobacco fertilizer combination of the present invention apple tree:
I, test materials and method
For studying thing: apple tree.
For trying material: biological tobacco fertilizer combination of the present invention (containing ammonium potassium agglutinent water-holding agent)
Test is handled:
Contrast: (local conventional fertilizer application)
Handle 1: the tree crown projecting edge digs the wide rectangular hole of 10-15cm that is, is as the criterion with the exposed portions serve root system, uses biological tobacco fertilizer combination 200g of the present invention in the every strain fruit tree in end 10cm place, hole, remains the earthen backfill compacting and fully pours water.
Handle 2: execute biological tobacco fertilizer combination 300g of the present invention with the every strain fruit tree of same quadrat method of handling 1.
Handle 3: execute biological tobacco fertilizer combination 500g of the present invention with the every strain fruit tree of same quadrat method of handling 1.
Handle 4: with the every strain fruit tree of same quadrat method of handling 1, convert water 5kg with bacteria agent 100g of the present invention and irritate with the exposed portions serve root system, residue earthen backfill compacting does not need to pour water again.
Test design:
Apple tree selects the above fruit tree in the best fruiting period of tree in 6 ages, and ten strains are a sub-district, and it is guard rows that five strains are stayed in the minizone.
II, result and analysis
Use biological tobacco fertilizer combination apple production questionnaire of the present invention apple tree
| Handle | Special large fruit rate (%) | All kinds of fruits heavy (kg) | Per mu yield (kg) | Mu volume increase (kg) | Stimulation ratio (%) |
| The contrast sample | 65 | 18.7 | 1920 | ||
| Handle 1 | 70 | 25.9 | 2158 | 238 | 11 |
| Handle | Special large fruit rate (%) | All kinds of fruits heavy (kg) | Per mu yield (kg) | Mu volume increase (kg) | Stimulation ratio (%) |
| Handle 2 | 78 | 27.8 | 2189 | 269 | 12.28 |
| Handle 3 | 86 | 29.2 | 2237 | 317 | 14.17 |
| Handle 4 | 82 | 28.4 | 2207 | 287 | 13 |
From above-mentioned yield result, use the processing of biological tobacco fertilizer combination of the present invention and compare with contrast, volume increase is in various degree all arranged, 9.12 kilograms of the heavy average increases of all kinds of fruits, average mu volume increase 277.7kg.
Claims (13)
1. biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer, it is characterized in that: by weight, wherein comprise, microbial bacteria composition: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=(10～30): (0.5～10): (5～15): (30～75): (5～30), the weight ratio of the component strain that contains in the bacterium liquid of described microbial bacteria composition is: aztobacter sp or Bacillus licheniformis: the false unicellular bacterium of fluorescence: bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: bacterium=(10～30) that can prevent and treat plant pest: (5～20): (5～20): (20～50): (10～40), the wherein said bacterium that prevents and treats plant pest are subtilis or bacillus thuringiensis or streptomycete.
2. biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described streptomycete is one or more in the Hangzhou mutation of light gray streptomycete, thorn spore streptomyces hygroscopicus, streptomyces microflavus, lightskyblue streptomycete, the Jingyang streptomycete.
3. biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described bacterium that prevents and treats plant pest is lightskyblue streptomycete and streptomyces microflavus, and its mixed weight ratio is 1～4: 1～4.
4. the preparation method of a biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: produce as follows:
(1) with aztobacter sp or Bacillus licheniformis, fluorescence false unicellular bacterium, bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, can prevent and treat plant pest bacterium by weight being (10～30): (5～20): (5～20): (20～50): (10-40) in container, be mixed into the microbial bacteria combination;
(2) oligochitosan, brown coal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake are made powder respectively, the high-temperature sterilization postcooling; By the microbial bacteria composition: oligochitosan: brown coal: the peat composed of rotten mosses: soya-bean cake=(10～30): (0.5～10): (5～15): (30～75): the weight ratio of (5～30) is stirred into the bacteria agent base-material with powder;
(3) the microbial bacteria composition in the step (1) is linked into according to the above ratio bacteria agent base-material in the step (2) after, be deployed into biological bacteria pulvis compound through the water that stirs, fermentation, oven dry makes biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer.
5. the preparation method of biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the biological bacteria pulvis mixture temperature in described (3) step remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermentation time is 24～96 hours, the stirring time is 4 hours, and biological bacteria pulvis compound total water content is 25%.
6. biological bacteria particle fertilizer that contains biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: by weight, wherein comprise biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite: water-holding agent=(10～40): (50～80): (5～10): (0.5～5).
7. the preparation method of a biological bacteria particle fertilizer as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: produce as follows:
(1) rich potassium shale, wilkinite are pulverized high-temperature sterilization, cooling;
(2) add biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer, by weight, its blending ratio is: biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer: rich potassium shale: wilkinite=(10～40): (50～80): (5～10), stir fermentation, oven dry;
(3) add water-holding agent in proportion, mix and stir, adopt the preparation technology who produces particle fertilizer to make biological bacteria granule fertilizer.
8. the preparation method of biological bacteria particle fertilizer as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the leavening temperature of described (2) step remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermentation time 96～168 hours, 4～16 hours stirring time.
9. as the preparation method of claim 7 or 8 described biological bacteria particle fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described water-holding agent is ammonium potassium agglutinent water-loss reducer of soil, non-metallic minerals water-loss reducer of soil, polyacrylamide water-holding agent or polyacrylate and polyacrylamide interpolymer water-loss reducer of soil.
10. tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special that contains the fertile and biological bacteria particle fertilizer as claimed in claim 6 of biological bacteria pulvis as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight percent fertile and described biological bacteria particle fertilizer of the described biological bacteria pulvis in the described tobacco bio-organic fertilizer special is 10～30: 70～90.
11. biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is used for the application of seed pelleting.
12. application as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: described seed is a tobacco seed, wherein adds biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer and dressing adhesive specially in Pelleting equipment, changes into shape by impelling the tobacco seed coated pill behind the dyeing; By weight, wherein the blending ratio of dressing adhesive specially, tobacco seed and biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer is 0.2: 1: 1.5～3.0.
13. the application that biological bacteria pulvis fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is used to prepare tobacco seedling fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described tobacco seedling fertilizer comprises the fertile and seedling medium material of described biological bacteria pulvis, described seedling medium material be weight ratio be 7: 3 plant crude opium and fine perlite, described biological bacteria pulvis fertile with described seedling medium material by 1～5: 10 weight ratio mixes.
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