CN108934888A - A kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to solve the damage of the tobacco plant as caused by soil, extreme weather events and farm work, it is multiplied problem by the probability of disease infestation, a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent is provided, steps are as follows: 1) microbial bacterial agent selection and Dressing date and method of administration；2) planting method of tobacco；3) field management；4) tobacco harvests.Advantages of the present invention: 1) by foliage-spray microbial bacterial agent, enable one layer of beneficial microbe on the uniform fold of tobacco blade face, the physical blocking that tobacco diseases are infected in realization；2) beneficial microbe generates in microbial bacterial agent rhzomorph, bacterium peptide isoreactivity substance infects tobacco diseases obvious inhibiting effect, realizes chemical block；3) microbial bacteria group energy promotes effective microorganisms breeding in microbial bacterial agent, inhibits the invasion of pathogenic soil microorganism, enhances resistance and metabolic function, promotes the growth and development of crop and improves Soil Micro-environment, realizes that source blocks.

Description

A cultivation method for blocking and defending tobacco disease infection by using microbial agent

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of dry land cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for blocking and preventing tobacco disease infection by using microbial agents.

Background technique

At present, due to the relatively single variety of flue-cured tobacco planted in my country, the multiple cropping index of cultivated land is high, which affects ecological diversity to a certain extent, and provides hosts and breeding places for soil pathogenic bacteria to survive; at the same time, due to the extensive application of chemical fertilizers, soil compaction And soil physical and chemical properties change, beneficial microbial population and quantity decrease, self-repair ability decrease, and soil-borne pathogen damage intensifies, which affects and restricts tobacco production. In order to eliminate the impact caused by soil-borne diseases and promote the production of flue-cured tobacco, predecessors have carried out extensive explorations in microbial improvement of soil and crop disease prevention and growth promotion, mainly using methods of isolating antagonistic microorganisms or their products from soil and tobacco plants to inhibit pathogenic bacteria Survival and multiplication, thereby reducing or eliminating the damage of soil-borne diseases such as black shank, bacterial wilt, mosaic disease, and red spot smoke, and achieved certain results. At present, the application methods for isolating antagonistic microorganisms are mainly concentrated in soil, but there is no report on the three-dimensional application of both soil and foliage. Hunan is one of the important main production areas of flue-cured tobacco in my country. Black shank, bacterial wilt, red spot, common mosaic, and climate spot are the main hazards of flue-cured tobacco production. In addition to spreading through soil, they can also spread through tobacco. Infection of the plant's own wounds causes disease.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method that utilizes microbial agents to block and defend against tobacco disease infection. In order to solve the damage to tobacco plants caused by soil, extreme weather events and field operations, the disease-infected The odds multiply the problem, ultimately improving the yield and quality of crop products.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a cultivation method utilizing microbial inoculum to block and prevent tobacco disease infection, comprising the following steps: 1) microbial inoculant selection and application period and application method; 2) tobacco Planting method; 3) Field management; 4) Tobacco harvest.

Further, the microbial agent dosage form can be liquid, powder, granular, preferably liquid; the microbial agent can be nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent, photosynthetic bacteria agent, organic material decomposing agent, growth-promoting agent, bioremediation agent etc., the preferred bacterial agent is a bacterial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria; the number of functional bacterial populations of the carrier is greater than 108/g;

Further, the application period of the microbial inoculant is a critical period for the occurrence of extreme weather events and tobacco disease infection, and the preferred application period is soil plowing, hail events and leaf damage caused by field operations.

Further, the application rate of the soil cultivation is 450-750 unit mass/hm ² .

Further, the microbial agent application method can be selected from organic fertilizer mixing, mechanical spraying and artificial spraying, wherein the application method of soil cultivation is preferably organic fertilizer mixing, and foliar spraying is preferably drone spraying;

Further, 60% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 60% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer and 100% of phosphorus fertilizer are evenly spread in the described tobacco planting method, or the compound fertilizer of equal amount is spread; the total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizers is respectively: nitrogen fertilizer ( Pure N) 120.0kg/hm2～150.0kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2～345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2～75.0kg/hm2.

Further, the tobacco planting method is that the density is 5-10 seedlings/m2. The transplanted seedlings are soil-bearing seedlings raised on floppy disks or traditional seedling raising methods, and the roots of the seedlings are muddy, and the seedlings are evenly transplanted to the compartment surface.

Further, field management includes:

(a) Total amount of fertilizer application: nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm ² ～150.0kg/hm ² , potassium fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2～345.0kg/hm ² , phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm ² ～ 95.0kg/hm ² .

(b) basal fertilizer: after plowing and ridging, when opening holes before transplanting, adopt the method of hole application, apply 70% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer; all of the phosphorus fertilizer; 55% of the potash fertilizer. The total amount of the three element fertilizers are: nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm ² ~ 150.0kg/hm ² , potassium fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2 ~ 345.0kg/hm ² , phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm 2 hm ² ~95.0kg/hm ² .

(c) topdressing: nitrogen fertilizer uses 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in 7 to 15 days after transplanting, and 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used in 30 days after transplanting; 25%, 20% of the total potassium fertilizer was applied 45 to 60 days after transplanting. The total amount of the three element fertilizers are: nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm ² ~ 150.0kg/hm ² , potassium fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2 ~ 345.0kg/hm ² , phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm 2 hm ² ~95.0kg/hm ² .

(d) Water management: water management is mainly based on soil moisture, and appropriate supplementary irrigation; open the drainage outlet in rainy days to prevent water accumulation in the field.

(e) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds: The prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds is mainly based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.

Further, the tobacco is harvested in time according to the harvesting standard.

Advantages of the invention

1) By spraying the microbial agent on the leaf surface, the tobacco leaf surface can be evenly covered with a layer of beneficial microorganisms, so as to physically block the infection of tobacco diseases; 3) The microbial flora in the microbial inoculum can promote the reproduction of beneficial microbial flora, inhibit the invasion of soil pathogenic microorganisms, enhance resistance and metabolic functions, and promote crop growth. growth and development and improve the soil microenvironment to achieve source blocking.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

In 2015, a basal fertilizer mixing test was carried out at the Tobacco Station in Zhangshi, Guiyang, Hunan. The soil in the test field was 1.85g/kg total nitrogen, 0.86g/kg total phosphorus, 9.88g/kg total potassium, 38.43g/kg organic matter, pH6.5, Available nitrogen 155.9mg/kg, available phosphorus 14.3mg/kg, available potassium 125.3mg/kg.

The variety to be tested is Yunyan 87, with an area of 6000m ² and two treatments. Among them: treatment 1: the amount of bacterial fertilizer application is 50 unit mass/hm ² , and the method of use is to apply base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation and ridge application before transplanting, and then mix it with base fertilizer evenly before applying in holes; treatment 2 (control): no application (for comparison).

The sowing date was December 20, 2014, the transplanting date was March 18, 2015, and the topping date was July 18. The planting density was 16,500 plants/hm ² , and the spacing between plants and rows was 1.2m×0.5m. The total amount of nitrogen application is 135kg/hm ² , and the ratio of N:P:K is 1:0.65:2.1.

Main measurement items:

1) Field disease investigation: During the peak period of the incidence of climate spot, black shank, common mosaic and wildfire disease in the natural state of the field, the diseased plants were investigated in units of plants, and 3 points were randomly selected, and a total of 3 points were surveyed at each point. 50 plants, and calculate the diseased strain rate, disease index and control effect, the calculation company is as follows:

(1) Incidence rate% = (number of diseased plants/total number of investigated plants) × 100%;

(2) Disease index = ∑ (disease plants at all levels x disease progression) x 100/(total number of investigated plants x highest disease progression 4);

(3) Disease index%=(1-disease index of application area/disease index of non-application area)×100. 2) Survey of main agronomic traits in the field 7 days after topping: refer to YC/T 142-2010 tobacco agronomic traits investigation and measurement Method, record the plant height, leaf number, stem girth, pitch, maximum leaf length and width, and calculate the maximum leaf area (leaf area = length × width × 0.6345).

3) Inspection of main economic indicators: Each treatment is collected and roasted separately, and weighed after roasting. Experts will classify and divide the grade proportion according to the GB2635-1992 standard, calculate the proportion of high-quality tobacco and high-medium tobacco, and calculate the proportion of tobacco leaves according to the current year’s tobacco leaf purchase. Calculate the average price and output value.

Main test results and analysis:

Table 1 The incidence of main diseases of field tobacco leaves under different treatments

It can be known from Table 1 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the control effects of tobacco leaf weather spot, black shank and common mosaic disease are respectively increased by 85.2%, 80.8% and 71.7%.

Table 2 Investigation of main agronomic traits 7 days after topping in different treatments

As can be seen from Table 2, after the cultivation method of the present invention is processed, the number of leaves, stem girth, pitch, waist leaf area are all significantly higher than the contrast.

Table 3 Investigation of main economic traits indexes of different treatments

It can be seen from Table 3 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the premium tobacco, average price, B2F and C3F single leaf weight, yield and output value are all significantly higher than those of the control.

Example 2:

In 2016, the test of topdressing fertilizer application was carried out at the experimental base of Hunan Agricultural University in Hunan. 158.8mg/kg, available phosphorus 15.3mg/kg, available potassium 135.3mg/kg.

The variety to be tested is Xiangyan No. 5, with an area of 1000m ² and two treatments. Among them: treatment 1: the amount of bacterial fertilizer application is 60 unit mass/hm ² , and the method of use is 10 days after transplanting, combined with the first topdressing application and topdressing, after mixing evenly, watering is applied, and the amount of irrigation per hole is 1kg ; Treatment 2 (control): No bacterial fertilizer was applied, only the same amount of top dressing was applied, and the amount of water added was consistent with that of Treatment 1.

The sowing date is December 28, 2015, the transplanting date is March 28, 2016, and the topping date is July 25. The planting density is 16,500 plants/hm ² , and the plant spacing×row spacing is 1.2m×0.5m. The total amount of nitrogen application is 135kg/hm ² , and the ratio of N:P:K is 1:0.65:2.1.

See Example 1 for the main measurement items.

Main test results and analysis:

Table 1 Investigation of main diseases of field tobacco leaves with different treatments

It can be seen from Table 1 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the control effects of tobacco leaf red spot disease, black shank disease and common mosaic disease have increased by 72.7%, 71.2% and 69.8% respectively.

Table 2 Investigation of main agronomic traits 7 days after topping in different treatments

As can be seen from Table 2, after the cultivation method of the present invention is processed, although there is no significant difference between the main agronomic traits index plant height, leaf number, stem girth, pitch, waist leaf area and the contrast, they are all higher than the contrast.

Table 3 Investigation of main economic traits indexes of different treatments

It can be seen from Table 3 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the proportion, average price, B2F and C3F single leaf weight, yield and output value of the top-quality tobacco are all higher than those of the control.

Example 3:

In 2017, the test of topdressing fertilizer application was carried out in the experimental base of Hunan Agricultural University in Hunan. 158.8mg/kg, available phosphorus 15.3mg/kg, available potassium 135.3mg/kg.

The variety to be tested is K326, the area of the test area is 1100m ² , and two treatments are set up in the test. Among them: treatment 1: the amount of bacterial fertilizer application is 55 unit mass/hm ² , and the method of application is 10 days after transplanting, combined with the first topdressing application and topdressing, after mixing evenly, watering is applied, and the amount of irrigation per hole is 1kg ; Treatment 2 (control): No bacterial fertilizer was applied, only the same amount of top dressing was applied, and the amount of water added was consistent with that of Treatment 1.

The sowing date is December 26, 2016, the transplanting date is March 26, 2017, and the topping date is July 26. The planting density is 16,500 plants/hm ² , and the plant spacing×row spacing is 1.2m×0.5m. The total amount of nitrogen application is 145kg/hm ² , and the ratio of N:P:K is 1:0.70:2.1.

See Example 1 for the main measurement items.

Main test results and analysis:

Table 1 Investigation of main diseases of field tobacco leaves with different treatments

It can be seen from Table 1 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the control effects of tobacco leaf red spot disease, black shank disease and common mosaic disease have increased by 75.3%, 67.2% and 69.5% respectively.

Table 2 Investigation of main agronomic traits 7 days after topping in different treatments

As can be seen from Table 2, after the cultivation method of the present invention is processed, although there is no significant difference between the main agronomic traits index plant height, leaf number, stem girth, pitch, loin leaf area and the contrast, they are all higher than the contrast.

Table 3 Investigation of main economic traits indexes of different treatments

It can be seen from Table 3 that after being treated by the cultivation method of the present invention, the proportion, average price, B2F and C3F single leaf weight, yield and output value of the top-quality tobacco are all higher than those of the control.

Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent, which is characterized in that including following step It is rapid:

1) microbial bacterial agent selection and Dressing date and method of administration；

2) planting method of tobacco；

3) field management；

4) tobacco harvests.

2. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent dosage form is liquid, pulvis or granular pattern；Microbial bacterial agent is fixed nitrogen bacteria agent, photosynthetic thin Bacteria agent, organic matter decomposing inoculant, growth promoting bacteria agent, biological prosthetic microbial inoculum；The function bacterium population quantity of carrier is greater than 10⁸A/ g。

3. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 2, It is characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent dosage form is liquid；Microbial bacterial agent is the microbial inoculum containing bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium.

4. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the Dressing date of the microbial bacterial agent is that Extreme Weather Events occur and tobacco diseases infect the critical period.

5. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 4, It is characterized in that, Dressing date is soil cultivation, hail event and farm work damaged blade, and the amount of application of soil cultivation is 450 ~750 unit mass/hm²。

6. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 5, Be characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent method of administration select organic fertilizer mix apply, machinery sprays and artificial spraying, soil cultivation is applied It is mixed and is applied with method selection organic fertilizer, foliage-spray.

7. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, 60%, the 60% of potash fertilizer total amount and 100% phosphate fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in the planting method of tobacco, Or spread fertilizer over the fields the compound fertilizer of equivalent；The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm², potassium Fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm²~345.0kg/hm², phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm²~75.0kg/hm²。

8. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, planting method of tobacco is that density is 5~10 seedlings/m².The rice shoot of transplanting is the seedling with soil or tradition that floppy disk is bred as The rice shoot of method of raising seedling, rice shoot root band mud, rice shoot is uniformly transplanted to compartment face.

9. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, field management includes:

(a) fertilizer application total amount: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm²~150.0kg/hm², potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~ 345.0kg/hm², phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm²~95.0kg/hm²。

(b) base manure: when opening cave after ridging of ploughing, before transplanting, the method applied using cave, the 70% of applied nitrogen total amount；Phosphorus It is fertile whole；The 55% of potash fertilizer.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm²~150.0kg/ hm², potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm², phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm²~95.0kg/hm²。

(c) top dressing: nitrogenous fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days applied nitrogen total amounts 20%, 30 days applied nitrogens are total after transplanting The 10% of amount；Potash fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days application of potash fertilizer total amounts 25%, 45~60 days application of potash fertilizer total amounts after transplanting 20%.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm²~150.0kg/hm², potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm², phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm²~95.0kg/hm²。

(d) Guan Shui: water management is based on ground moistening, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Rainy day opens wide discharge outlet, prevents field ponding.

(e) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.

10. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, tobacco harvest is harvested in time by harvesting standard.