CN100365156C - Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of steel - Google Patents
Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN100365156C CN100365156C CNB2005100571189A CN200510057118A CN100365156C CN 100365156 C CN100365156 C CN 100365156C CN B2005100571189 A CNB2005100571189 A CN B2005100571189A CN 200510057118 A CN200510057118 A CN 200510057118A CN 100365156 C CN100365156 C CN 100365156C
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 Ferrous Metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺涉及钢表面强化工艺，它是利用以空气为主的气体为气源，由汽油挥发提供碳源，以实现氮、碳、氧多元共渗。本发明包括将调质后的工件清洗、干燥、入炉，将离子渗氮炉内抽成真空，输入直流电压，按比例输入空气和汽油同时加热，保温，炉冷，出炉。本发明因不用氨气或氮氢气，降低了成本，减少了环境污染和高压气瓶带来的安全隐患，能提高渗氮工件的耐磨性能和硬度。适用于碳钢、合金结构钢和工模具钢的表面强化。
An air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process for steel relates to a steel surface strengthening process. It uses air as the main gas as a gas source, and gasoline volatilization provides a carbon source to realize nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen multiple co-infiltration. The invention includes cleaning, drying and putting the quenched and tempered workpiece into the furnace, vacuuming the ion nitriding furnace, inputting DC voltage, inputting air and gasoline in proportion to heating, heat preservation, furnace cooling, and discharging. Because the invention does not use ammonia gas or nitrogen-hydrogen gas, the cost is reduced, environmental pollution and safety hazards caused by high-pressure gas cylinders are reduced, and the wear resistance and hardness of nitriding workpieces can be improved. Suitable for surface strengthening of carbon steel, alloy structural steel and tool steel.
Description
技术领域： Technical field:
本发明属于钢表面强化工艺。适用于碳钢、合金结构钢和工模具钢的表面强化。The invention belongs to the steel surface strengthening technology. Suitable for surface strengthening of carbon steel, alloy structural steel and tool steel.
背景技术： Background technique:
中国发明专利申请号为200410021642.6，其发明名称为《黑色金属的空气离子氧氮共渗工艺专利》，该工艺流程为：(1)将调质后的工件清洗、干燥，置于阴极盘上，关闭炉体，用机械泵将离子渗氮炉内抽成真空至50～120Pa；(2)向阴阳极输入10～1000V的可调直流高压至炉内打散弧，打散弧稀少后再调直流电压直至不打或少打散弧；(3)向渗氮炉内通入氨气或氮-氢混合气；(4)以50～100℃/小时的速度将工件加热到500～580℃；(5)保温0.5～60小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的氨气或氮-氢混合气，以50～100℃/小时的速度随炉冷至50～150℃后停炉，待工件在炉内冷却至室温后开炉取出工件。但是此专利申请是利用的空气和氨气作为渗氮气源，存在氨气对环境的污染。The Chinese invention patent application number is 200410021642.6, and its invention name is "Air Ion Oxygen Nitriding Technology Patent for Ferrous Metals". Close the furnace body, and use a mechanical pump to evacuate the ion nitriding furnace to a vacuum of 50-120Pa; (2) Input 10-1000V adjustable DC high voltage to the cathode and anode to break up the arc in the furnace. DC voltage until there is no or less scattered arc; (3) Ammonia gas or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture gas is introduced into the nitriding furnace; (4) The workpiece is heated to 500-580°C at a speed of 50-100°C/hour (5) After 0.5-60 hours of heat preservation, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the ammonia gas or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture in the ion nitriding furnace, and cool it to 50°C with the furnace at a speed of 50-100°C/hour. Shut down the furnace after ~150°C, and start the furnace to take out the workpiece after the workpiece is cooled to room temperature in the furnace. But this patent application is to utilize the air and ammonia as the source of nitriding gas, and there is ammonia pollution to the environment.
在该工艺流程中，渗氮气体通过橡皮管接入干燥筒的下部的气嘴，经气嘴进入筒中的干燥剂层后，由上部的气嘴用橡皮管连接到气体流量计的下端气嘴，打开流量计针形阀，渗氮气体通过针形阀和玻璃管后由上端气嘴用橡皮管接入离子渗氮炉。In this process flow, the nitriding gas is connected to the lower gas nozzle of the drying cylinder through the rubber tube, and after entering the desiccant layer in the cylinder through the gas nozzle, the upper gas nozzle is connected to the lower gas nozzle of the gas flowmeter by the rubber tube. , Open the needle valve of the flowmeter, the nitriding gas passes through the needle valve and the glass tube, and then enters the ion nitriding furnace from the upper gas nozzle with a rubber tube.
发明内容： Invention content:
本发明的目的是在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺，利用该工艺对钢进行离子多元共渗，解决氨气对环境的污染和降低成本的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to aim at above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of steel, utilize this process to carry out ion multi-component co-infiltration to steel, solve the pollution of ammonia to the environment and reduce cost question.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明按以下顺序步骤进行：In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention is carried out according to the following sequential steps:
(1)将调质后的工件清洗、干燥，置于阴极盘上；(1) Clean and dry the workpiece after quenching and tempering, and place it on the cathode plate;
(2)关闭炉体，用机械泵将离子渗氮炉内抽成真空至50～120Pa；(2) Close the furnace body, and use a mechanical pump to evacuate the ion nitriding furnace to a vacuum of 50-120Pa;
(3)接通电源开关，由电源向阴阳极输入10～1000V的可调直流高压至炉内打散弧，打散弧稀少后，再调直流电压直至停止打散弧；(3) Turn on the power switch, and input 10-1000V adjustable DC high voltage from the power supply to the cathode and anode to break up the arc in the furnace. After the scattered arc is rare, adjust the DC voltage until the broken arc stops;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.1～0.6m3/h和0.00006～0.06m3/h空气和汽油，以50～100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到500～580℃；(4) Air and gasoline are fed into the nitriding furnace at a flow rate of 0.1-0.6m 3 /h and 0.00006-0.06m 3 /h at the same time, and the workpiece is heated by glow discharge at a speed of 50-100°C/hour. 500～580℃;
(5)保温0.5～60小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，以50～100℃/小时的速度随炉冷至50～150℃后停炉，待工件在炉内冷却至室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After 0.5 to 60 hours of heat preservation, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool the furnace to 50 to 150°C at a speed of 50 to 100°C/hour, and then stop the furnace. After the workpiece is cooled to room temperature in the furnace, the furnace is opened to take out the workpiece.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
与普通离子渗氮相比，空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺主要应用空气和少量汽油，不用氨气、氮气和氢气，无污染，降低了生产成本10％。Compared with ordinary ion nitriding, the air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process mainly uses air and a small amount of gasoline, without ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen, no pollution, and reduces production costs by 10%.
附图说明： Description of drawings:
图1为空气作渗氮气源的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺供气系统示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the air/gasoline ion multi-component co-infiltration process air supply system that air is used as the nitriding gas source;
图2为40Cr钢用流量分别为0.6m3/h和0.0003m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 2 is the microhardness curve graph of 40Cr steel after the air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.6m 3 /h and 0.0003m 3 /h are processed by the process of the invention;
图3为40Cr钢用流量分别为0.5m3/h和0.00024m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 3 is the microhardness curve graph of 40Cr steel after the air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.5m 3 /h and 0.00024m 3 /h are processed by the process of the invention;
图4为40Cr钢用流量分别为0.4m3/h和0.00018m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 4 is the microhardness curve graph of 40Cr steel after the air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.4m 3 /h and 0.00018m 3 /h are processed by the process of the invention;
图5为40Cr钢用流量分别为0.3m3/h和0.00012m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 5 is the microhardness curve graph of 40Cr steel after the air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.3m 3 /h and 0.00012m 3 /h are processed by the process of the invention;
图6为45钢用流量分别为0.3m3/h和0.0006m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 6 is a graph showing microhardness curves of 45 steel with flow rates of 0.3m 3 /h and 0.0006m 3 /h of air and gasoline treated by the process of the invention;
图7为45钢用流量分别为0.4m3/h和0.0003m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 7 is the microhardness curve graph of 45 steel after the air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.4m 3 /h and 0.0003m 3 /h are treated by the process of the invention;
图8为45钢用流量分别为0.5m3/h和0.00024m3/h的空气和汽油经该发明工艺处理后的显微硬度曲线图；Fig. 8 is a graph showing microhardness curves of 45 steel with flow rates of 0.5m 3 /h and 0.00024m 3 /h of air and gasoline treated by the process of the invention;
在图1中，1为贮油罐，2、3和4为流量计，5为干燥瓶，6为离子渗氮炉体，7为工件，8为阴极盘。在图2～8中，横坐标表示离表面的距离，纵坐标表示硬度值(HV0.2)In Fig. 1, 1 is an oil storage tank, 2, 3 and 4 are flowmeters, 5 is a drying bottle, 6 is an ion nitriding furnace body, 7 is a workpiece, and 8 is a cathode plate. In Figures 2 to 8, the abscissa indicates the distance from the surface, and the ordinate indicates the hardness value (HV 0.2 )
具体实施方式： Detailed ways:
实施例1：40Cr钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 1: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 40Cr steel
(1)将调质后的工件清洗、干燥，置于阴极盘上；(1) Clean and dry the workpiece after quenching and tempering, and place it on the cathode plate;
(2)关闭炉体，用机械泵将离子渗氮炉内抽成真空至100Pa；(2) Close the furnace body, and use a mechanical pump to evacuate the ion nitriding furnace to 100Pa;
(3)接通电源开关，由电源向阴阳极输入10～1000V的可调直流高压至炉内打散弧，打散弧稀少后再调直流电压直至不打或少打散弧；(3) Turn on the power switch, input 10-1000V adjustable DC high voltage from the power supply to the cathode and anode to break up the arc in the furnace, and then adjust the DC voltage until there is no or less scattered arc;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.6m3/h和0.0003m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到520℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.6m 3 /h and 0.0003m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 520°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例2：40Cr钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 2: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 40Cr steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.5m3/h和0.00024m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到540℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.5m 3 /h and 0.00024m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 540°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例3：40Cr钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 3: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 40Cr steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.4m3/h和0.00018m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到560℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flows of 0.4m 3 /h and 0.00018m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 560°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例4：40Cr钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 4: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 40Cr steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.3m3/h和0.00012m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到580℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.3m 3 /h and 0.00012m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 580°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例5：45钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 5: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 45 steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.3m3/h和0.0006m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到500℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.3m 3 /h and 0.0006m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 500°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例6：45钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 6: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 45 steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.4m3/h和0.0003m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到520℃；(4) Simultaneously feed air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.4m 3 /h and 0.0003m 3 /h into the nitriding furnace, and heat the workpiece to 520°C by glow discharge at a rate of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
实施例7：45钢的空气/汽油离子多元共渗工艺Example 7: Air/gasoline ion multiple co-infiltration process of 45 steel
(1)(2)(3)步与实施例1的(1)(2)(3)步相同；(1) (2) (3) step is identical with embodiment 1 (1) (2) (3) step;
(4)向渗氮炉内同时通入流量分别为0.5m3/h和0.00024m3/h的空气和汽油，以100℃/小时的速度由辉光放电将工件加热到540℃；(4) Air and gasoline with flow rates of 0.5m 3 /h and 0.00024m 3 /h are introduced into the nitriding furnace at the same time, and the workpiece is heated to 540°C by glow discharge at a speed of 100°C/h;
(5)保温5小时后，关闭气源和电源，用机械泵排除离子渗氮炉内的气体，用100℃/h的速度随炉冷却到100℃停炉，待工件冷却到室温后开炉取出工件。(5) After keeping warm for 5 hours, turn off the gas source and power supply, use a mechanical pump to remove the gas in the ion nitriding furnace, cool down to 100°C with the furnace at a speed of 100°C/h and stop the furnace, and start the furnace after the workpiece cools to room temperature Take out the workpiece.
Claims (8)
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| CN102485933A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-06 | 大连新氏传动科技有限公司 | A nitriding method |
| CN102108481A (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-06-29 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Plasma multi-component cementation method |
| CN110359009B (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-06-08 | 江苏良川科技发展有限公司 | Multi-gas co-permeation strengthening system and process thereof |
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| JPH04141573A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-15 | Nippon Denshi Kogyo Kk | Production of nitrided steel |
| CN1556243A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2004-12-22 | 重庆大学 | Air Ion Oxygen Nitriding Technology of Ferrous Metals |
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| DE3831100A1 (en) * | 1987-09-19 | 1989-03-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for producing nitrogen diffusion layers in edge zones of iron-containing workpieces |
| JPH04141573A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-15 | Nippon Denshi Kogyo Kk | Production of nitrided steel |
| CN1556243A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2004-12-22 | 重庆大学 | Air Ion Oxygen Nitriding Technology of Ferrous Metals |
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