CN100361937C - A kind of production method of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to microbial organic fertilizer, which more specifically is a method for producing multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer. The remnant of agricultural and sideline products, chicken manure, domestic wastes, peat and other wastes are used as raw material, and known nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, bacillus, actinomycete and other bacteria are used as beneficial microbial bacteria; liquid fermentation is carried out to the beneficial microbial bacteria so as to produce seeds, and solid fermentation is carried out to the raw material which is inoculated twice by large doses so as to obtain the multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer. The present invention has the following advantages of simple operation process, short periodicity, low cost, full product function, high quality, good application effect, environmental protection and easy popularization, and the present invention provides a high-quality product of microbial organic fertilizer for agricultural production.

Description

A kind of production method of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to a microbial organic fertilizer, in particular to a production method of a multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer.

Background technique

The research on microbial fertilizers in my country can be traced back to the 1930s. It has been nearly 80 years since Professor Zhang Xianwu, a famous soil microbiology expert in my country, published the first article on the research and application of soybean rhizobia in 1937. In the early 1950s, researchers from the Shenyang Institute of Forestry and Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by Professor Zhang Xianwu, widely promoted soybean rhizobia inoculant technology on 1.5 million hectares of land in Northeast China, increasing soybean yield by more than 10% on average. Microbiology scholars in the former Soviet Union also made breakthroughs in the research work of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, and silicate bacteria, and they were widely used in soil fertility and fertility, and achieved good results. In 1958, my country's agricultural development program listed bacterial fertilizers as an important agricultural technology measure, which played a positive role in promoting the research and application of microbial fertilizers.

Rhizobia inoculants are limited to use on legumes, and bacterial fertilizers are limited to fertilizing soil and increasing crop production. With the deepening of microbial fertilizer research and the continuous expansion of application scope, people have studied microorganisms, fertilizers and the environment as a whole. Transformation from a single strain to a composite strain; transformation from a simple biological agent to a compound biological fertilizer; transformation from a single dosage form to a multiple dosage form. In fact, microbial fertilizers have transformed from low-grade to high-grade, low-efficiency to high-efficiency, and to the industrialization of developing microbial organic fertilizers. From rhizobia inoculants, bacterial fertilizers to microbial organic fertilizers, the evolution of names has explained the gradual development of microbial fertilizers in my country.

In recent years, research on plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) has been extremely active. In 1977, Broalbent et al. isolated a strain of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus.subtilis A13) and successfully applied it. In 1988, Weller of the United States reported that Bacillus subtilis A13 can mainly inhibit plant pathogenic fungi and promote the growth of various plants. It can increase the yield of carrots by 48%, oats by 33%, and peanuts by 37%. It has been commercialized and its application area has reached 400 million hectares. The field application of PGPR biological agents in my country began in 1979, and by 1994 the application area of production-increasing bacteria had reached 39.3 million hectares. The application of PGPR biological agent made from marine actinomycete MB-97 began in 1997, and has been applied to 20,000 hectares of soybeans, with an average yield increase of 10.0-20.0%. The application of PGPR biological agent made from marine bacterium 9912 began in 2000 (field test demonstration stage), and it was applied to economic crops such as soybeans and vegetables, with an average yield increase of 10.0-18.9%.

Microbial fertilizer is the use of microbial life activities and their metabolites to provide nutrients to crops to promote crop growth, to achieve the purpose of increasing yield, improving quality, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers, fertilizing soil, resisting diseases and insects, and improving the environment.

Microbial organic fertilizer is a new type of high-efficiency, non-toxic, non-polluting, and pollution-free fertilizer developed on the basis of microbial fertilizers. Developed countries such as the United States, Japan, France, Germany, and Russia, consider environmental protection, resource reuse, and soil fertility, and combine microbial liquid-solid two-phase fermentation technology to treat municipal solid waste, feces from large farms, and urban sewage. Harmless treatment with activated sludge, etc., to produce high-efficiency, pollution-free microbial organic fertilizers.

The multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer has more functions, more applicable crops, and a wide range of soils. At present, the production of microbial fertilizers and microbial organic fertilizers mainly includes the following types: (1) rhizobia agents (2) nitrogen-fixing bacteria agents (3) soil phosphorus activators (4) silicate bacteria agents (5) compound microbial fertilizers (6) ) Functional microbial organic fertilizers, etc. The research work and production application results at home and abroad show that the compound multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer has better effect, simple application method and low cost.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a production method of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer with less required strains, wide sources of substrate raw materials, simple process operation and low production cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: use the substrate of organic matter as a carrier, add microbial flora to produce microbial organic fertilizer.

Specifically: using agricultural and sideline product waste, chicken manure, domestic garbage, peat, etc. as raw materials, using nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, silicate bacteria, bacillus, and actinomycetes as beneficial microbial flora. Fermentation to produce seed liquid; at room temperature, inoculate raw materials with large doses (Bacillus + actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria + phosphorus bacteria + potassium bacteria) twice for solid fermentation, multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer.

In the solid fermentation process, the weight/volume ratio of the raw material and the microbial flora seed liquid is, raw material: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: phosphorus bacteria: potassium bacteria: bacillus: actinomycetes=100: 5～10: 5～10: 5～10 : 10～15: 15～20; the water content of the raw material should be 30～40%; the number of live bacteria per milliliter in the described nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed liquid, phosphorus bacteria seed liquid, potassium bacteria seed liquid and bacillus seed liquid At least 800 million respectively, and the number of viable bacteria per milliliter in the actinomycete seed solution is at least 100 million. (When the fermenter is cultured, samples are taken at any time for measurement, and the number of bacteria is calculated by the blood count method)

The preferred weight/volume ratio of raw material and microbial flora seed liquid is, raw material: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: phosphorus bacterium: potassium bacterium: bacillus: actinomycetes=100: 5: 5: 5: 10: 20; C of raw material: N=20:1～25:1, and according to different raw materials, add different carbon sources and nitrogen sources (humic acid, superphosphate, urea, bean cake residue, grass powder, etc.), control the pH and oxygen content ( ventilation overturned);

The weight composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium is: 0.8-1.2% of glucose, 0.01-0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.05% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.05% of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.8% of calcium carbonate, sulfuric acid Calcium 0.01-0.03%, the balance is water, pH 7.0-7.2; ventilation volume 1:0.3-0.5, culture temperature 28°C, time 48 hours;

The weight composition of the phosphorus bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium is as follows: 1-3% of glucose, 0.01-0.06% of magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.06% of potassium chloride, 0.01-0.06% of sodium chloride, 0.02-0.08% of ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate 0.2-0.6%, the balance is water, pH 7.0-7.2; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, the culture temperature is 28°C, and the time is 28 hours;

The weight composition of the potassium bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium is: 0.2-0.8% of sucrose, 0.02-0.08% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.5% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.05% of sodium chloride, 0.01-0.05% of calcium carbonate, and The volume is water, pH7.0~7.2; the ventilation volume is 1:0.3~0.6, the culture temperature is 28°C, and the time is 28 hours;

The weight composition of the Bacillus seed liquid fermentation medium is: 0.5-1.0% of cornmeal, 0.5-1.0% of bean cake powder, 0.3-0.8% of glucose, 0.01-0.06% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the balance is water, and pH6.8-7.2 ; The ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, the culture temperature is 30°C, and the time is 28 hours;

The weight composition of the actinomycetes seed liquid fermentation medium is: 1-3% of soluble starch, 0.02-0.08% of magnesium sulfate, 0.03-0.08% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03-0.08% of sodium chloride, and 0.1-0.5% of potassium nitrate %, the balance is water; pH 7.0-7.2; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.5, the fermentation temperature is 28° C., and the time is 28 hours.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. Simple operation, low cost and easy promotion. The present invention absorbs the advantages of relevant microbial fertilizer production methods, uses known bacterial species such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, etc. Wastes such as sludge and sludge are used as raw materials. After liquid-solid two-phase fermentation, low-value wastes are converted into high-quality microbial organic fertilizers. The raw materials have a wide range of sources and low prices.

2. Short production cycle and high quality. The invention adopts the combination fermentation technology of microbial liquid and solid, which can better solve the problems of long fermentation period, easy pollution, difficult control of various fermentation conditions and the like in the solid fermentation process. Injecting a large dose of beneficial microbial flora into raw materials twice can shorten the solid fermentation cycle, make full use of the carbon and nitrogen sources in the substrate, and have strong anti-pollution capabilities. Under the condition of adapting to the growth of microorganisms, the fermentation speed of the first inoculation is fast, and the number of bacteria in the product of the second inoculation is high, which ensures the product quality.

3. The product application effect is good. The beneficial microbial flora and their metabolites adopted in the present invention have the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution, disease resistance, and detoxification, and secrete various plant hormones, which can promote crop growth, enhance crop stress resistance, and improve crop growth. Crop yield, improve crop quality; At the same time, it can fertilize the soil and protect the ecological environment. It is a pollution-free green microbial organic fertilizer that meets the requirements of human health; the results of a large number of field experiments show that it can make food crops, vegetables and economical species Crop yields increased by more than 10.0%.

Detailed ways

1. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (fix nitrogen in the air, supply nitrogen nutrition to crops, produce hormones to stimulate crop growth) bacterial colony liquid seed fermentation steps are as follows:

1) Activation of seed mothers: transplant nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandli or joint nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum) and other seed mothers to the newly prepared slant of Keeri flasks containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria medium, and activate and cultivate for 24 to 48 hours. hours, the temperature is 28°C, and the thalli in the mature Kirschner flask is called seed; 0.2g, calcium carbonate 5.0g, calcium sulfate 0.1g, agar 18g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0; sterilize at one atmospheric pressure for 18 minutes.

2) Inoculation and cultivation of seed tanks: Wash one bottle of nitrogen-fixing bacteria seeds in the activated Kjeldahl flask with 200mL sterile water into a 500mL sterile Erlenmeyer flask, and inoculate to 50mL by flame inoculation method or differential pressure. In a 1-liter seed tank (or a 100-liter seed tank), the liquid content should not exceed 70%, and the aeration and stirring culture should be carried out at a rate of 1:1, and the temperature should be 28-30°C. ~ 48 hours), the microscopic examination of the bacterial movement is lively, neat, and pollution-free, which can be used for further expansion and reproduction of the seed fermentation tank;

3) fermenter inoculation and fermentation culture (determination of medium and fermentation condition test): the seed liquid in the mature seed tank is inoculated into a 500 liter fermenter (or a 1000 liter fermenter) by the differential pressure method , the liquid volume does not exceed 70%, aeration and agitation culture, the ventilation rate is 1:0.4 (can be 1:0.3～0.5), the temperature is 28～30°C, and the cultivation time is 30 hours (can be 24～48 hours), If brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria are used, when the figure 8 appears, it is a sign for putting into the tank. Microscopically, the bacterial cells are neat, robust, and non-polluting. The figure 8 accounts for 50%, and the viable bacteria can reach more than 800 million/ml. Calculate the number of bacteria) culture liquid is milky white without peculiar smell, can be used for the liquid seed liquid A of expanded fermentation cultivation or reserved for solid fermentation;

The weight composition of the optimal formula of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed liquor fermentation medium that the present embodiment adopts is: glucose 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.02%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.02%, sodium chloride 0.02%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, calcium sulfate 0.01% %, the balance is water pH7.0; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.5, the culture temperature is 28°C, and the time is 48 hours;

2. Phosphorus bacteria (dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil, convert it into available available phosphorus, supply crop phosphorus nutrition, and produce hormones to stimulate crop growth) The bacterial colony liquid seed fermentation steps are the same as 1, and the difference is:

1) Activation of seed mother: Activate the seed mother of phosphorus bacteria (Bacillus megaterium). The slant medium for seed activation is composed of: glucose 10g, magnesium sulfate 0.3g, potassium chloride 0.3g, sodium chloride 0.3g, ammonium sulfate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 5.0g, ferrous sulfate 0.03g, manganese sulfate 0.03g , lecithin 0.2g, agar 18g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0; sterilized at one atmosphere for 18 minutes;

2) Fermentation tank inoculation and fermentation culture: when spores appear, it is a sign of putting into the tank. Microscopically, the bacterium is neat, robust, and pollution-free. The spores account for 50%, and the viable bacteria can reach more than 800 million/ml. Bacterial count) culture liquid is milky white without peculiar smell, can be used for expanding fermentation culture or be reserved as liquid seed liquid B for solid fermentation;

The weight composition of the optimum formula of the phosphorus bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium that present embodiment adopts is: glucose 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.03%, potassium chloride 0.03%, sodium chloride 0.03%, ammonium sulfate 0.05%, calcium carbonate 0.5% , the balance is water, pH7.0; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, the cultivation temperature is 28°C, and the time is 28 hours;

3. Potassium bacteria (decompose mica, feldspar and other silicates and apatite in the soil, release potassium, phosphorus and other mineral elements, supply crop nutrition, and stimulate crop growth) The operation steps of bacterial colony liquid seed fermentation are the same 1, where the difference is:

1) Activation of seed mothers: respectively activate the seed mothers of silicate bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginsosus) and other bacterial groups. The slant medium for seed activation consists of: sucrose 5.0g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, disodium hydrogen phosphate 2.0g, agar 18g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.0, 1 atmospheric pressure, sterilized in 20 minutes;

2) Morphological observation of potassium bacteria cells: long rod-shaped, 1.2-1.4×4-7μm in size, aerobic, Gram-positive, and a large capsule can be seen when stained with fuchsin, containing 2-4 bacteria body. It can be observed in the plate culture medium to hydrolyze starch. On the starch medium, it can form thick-shelled oval spores with a diameter of 1.2-3.5 μm. A single colony is isolated and purified on the silicate bacteria medium or Ashby medium. , colorless and transparent, the protrusion is very high, sticky, sticky and elastic when picked up, and there is a transparent bacterial circle around the potassium bacterial colony;

3) Fermentation tank inoculation and fermentation culture: the tank standard is the same as 2 in 2), and the fermentation liquid can be used as seed liquid C for solid fermentation;

The weight composition of the optimal formula of the potassium bacteria seed liquor fermentation medium that present embodiment adopts is: 0.5% of sucrose, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.02% of sodium chloride, 0.01% of calcium carbonate, and the balance is Water, PH7.0; ventilation rate 1:0.3~0.6, culture temperature 28°C, time 28 hours;

4) Effects of Nitrogen Fixation, Phosphorus Solubilizing and Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria Liquid on Soybean Yield Increase

The mixed application of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria solution has obvious effect on increasing soybean yield, which is better than that of nitrogen-fixing bacteria alone. (see table 1)

Table 1. Effects of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacterial solutions on soybean yield (850 farms in Heilongjiang Province)

deal with 100-seed weight of soybean seeds (g) soybean yield (g/10 plants) (%) CK1 19.9 97.75 100.0 N, P, K bacteria liquid each 500ml/mu 20.3 110.31 112.8 N, P, K bacteria liquid each 1000ml/mu 20.2 116.45 119.1 CK2 20.2 100.74 100.0 N bacteria solution 500ml/mu each 20.3 113.41 112.6 N, P, K bacteria liquid each 500ml/mu 20.7 136.05 135.0 N, P, K bacteria liquid each 1000ml/mu 20.3 124.61 123.6

^* Average of three replicates; N is nitrogen-fixing bacteria; P is phosphorus bacteria; K is potassium bacteria

4. Bacillus (produces protease, cellulolytic enzyme, peptide antibiotics, and has the effect of raising temperature, etc.) flora liquid seed fermentation steps are the same as 1, wherein the difference is:

1) Seed parent activation: activate Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bac. licheniformis and other seed stocks. The composition of potato-sucrose agar medium (abbreviated as PDA medium) for seed mother activation is calculated by weight percentage: 1000mL of 20% potato (potato) extract; 20g of sucrose, 18g of agar, PH7.

2) Fermentation tank inoculation and fermentation culture: the tank standard is the same as 2 in 2), and the fermentation liquid can be used as seed liquid D for solid fermentation;

The weight composition of the optimum formula of the bacillus seed liquid fermentation medium that the present embodiment adopts is: cornmeal 0.5%, bean cake powder 0.5%, glucose 0.8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, surplus is water, PH7.0; The ventilation rate is 1:0.3~0.6, the culture temperature is 30°C, and the time is 28 hours;

5. Actinomycetes (disease resistance, attenuation, stimulation of crop growth, promotion of crop production, improvement of crop quality) flora liquid seed fermentation steps are the same as 1, the differences are:

1) Activation of seed mothers: The actinomycete seed mothers preserved in the laboratory were respectively transferred to the slant surface of the Kjeldahl flask of the newly prepared medium for activation culture. The composition of potato-sucrose agar medium (PDA) for seed activation is calculated by weight percentage: 1000mL of 20% potato extract; 20g of sucrose, 18g of agar, PH7.0, sterilized in 20 minutes at an atmospheric pressure;

2) Inoculation and cultivation of seed tanks: the ventilation rate is 1:0.5, the temperature is 28-30°C, and the cultivation time is 48 hours. When examined under a microscope, the hyphae are in the form of clusters and nets, without pollution, which can be used for further expansion of seed fermentation tanks. For breeding;

3) Fermentation tank inoculation and fermentation culture: aeration and stirring culture, ventilation rate 1:0.3~0.5, temperature 28~30°C, culture time 24~48 hours, when the coloring of mycelia becomes lighter, it is a sign of putting into the tank, which is robust , no pollution, containing 100 million live bacteria/ml, it can be used as seed liquid E for solid fermentation;

The weight composition of the optimum formula of the actinomycetes seed liquid fermentation medium that the present embodiment adopts is: soluble starch 2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05%, sodium chloride 0.05%, potassium nitrate 0.1%, surplus The volume is water, pH7.0; the ventilation volume is 1:0.3～0.5, and the culture is fermented, the culture temperature is 28 ℃, and the time is 28 hours;

4) Bacteriostasis test and field yield increase effect

The antibacterial test adopts the cup and saucer method. Taking the inhibitory effect of marine actinomycete MB-97 strain on plant pathogenic bacteria (antagonism test) as an example, the experimental operation process is as follows: spread the pathogen suspension on a flat plate, put it in an Oxford cup, and drop the release line into the small steel ring. Bacteria fermentation filtrate (or put 4 small flat plates to cultivate bacteria block), after culturing for 3-5 days, an obvious antibacterial zone appears around the small steel ring (bacteria block), thus proving that the bacterial strain has antibacterial effect. See Table 2 for the field test results of the application of marine actinomycetes MB-97 biological preparations on the control effect of double-cropped soybeans.

Table 2. Yield-increasing effect of MB-97 biological agent on heavy-cropped soybeans (853 farm in Heilongjiang Province)

deal with Number of plants per mu (plants) 100-grain weight (g) Yield per mu (kg) Yield increase rate (%) Four-year regulation of repeated cropping 9444.9 19.43 240.4 113.9 Repeated cropping for four years 10000.5 18.98 211.1 100.0 Five-year regulation of heavy cropping 9444.9 19.28 249.5 131.6 Five-year comparison of repeated cropping 10000.5 19.07 189.6 100.0

The application of marine actinomycetes MB-97 biological preparations has a significant effect on overcoming obstacles to continuous cropping of soybeans, showing comprehensive effects such as strong stress resistance of soybean plants, improvement of soybean quality, and improvement of soil fertility. After a large number of field experiments, statistical analysis confirmed that , can increase the yield of double-cropped soybeans by more than 13.9%;

6. Beneficial microbial flora A nitrogen-fixing bacteria, B phosphorus bacteria, C silicate bacteria, D bacillus, E actinomycetes fermentation seed liquid product solid fermentation operation steps are as follows:

1) Using organic waste such as agricultural and sideline product waste, chicken manure, domestic garbage, and peat as raw materials, using known beneficial microbial flora liquid fermentation to produce seed liquid, inoculating the raw materials twice in large doses, and performing solid fermentation;

2) Divide the high-quality microbial flora (A+B+C+D+E) obtained in the above steps 1 to 5 into two groups, Group I (A+B+C) and Group II (D+E). The water content in the raw material matrix must be in the range of 30-40%. Firstly, the microbial flora group II (D+E) is inserted into the raw material matrix, the inoculum size is 20-30%, and the water content is about 60-70% (according to "holding into a ball, falling on the ground" without free Moderate water seepage), C:N=20:1～25:1, PH7.6～7.2, mix evenly, natural solid fermentation in a clean environment, measure the solid fermentation temperature twice a day, the initial temperature is 20 ℃, when the solid fermentation temperature rises to 70-80 ℃, the first stage of heating up is completed. The second stage is the decomposition stage. When the temperature drops from 70 to 80°C to 40°C, it needs to be turned 1 to 2 times, and the microbial flora group I (A+B+C) is inserted into the fermentation material, and the inoculation amount is 15~ 20%, again (6 to 9 days), the pH remains in the range of 7.2 to 6.8, and the fermentation reaches the end.

3) After the solid fermentation is finished, air-dry or dry the microbial organic fertilizer (drying temperature is less than 50°C), the water content does not exceed 15%, the total number of viable bacteria in the microbial organic fertilizer is more than 100 million/g, and it is crushed and sieved , granulation, quality inspection, and packaging to make microbial organic fertilizer products;

The culture material composition of this embodiment is: 100 kg of raw materials, 5 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5 kg of phosphorus bacteria, 5 kg of potassium bacteria, 10 kg of bacillus and 20 kg of actinomycetes. And add different carbon sources and nitrogen sources (urea, second material, bean cake residue, grass powder, etc.) Bacteria=100:5～10:5～10:5～10:10～20:15～20; the water content of the raw material should be 30～40%).

7. Solid fermentation of microbial organic fertilizer (take pig manure fermentation as an example)

1) The pig manure raw material is first dehydrated to make the water content reach 30-40%.

2) Configuration of fermentation material and its fermentation process

Pig manure is fully mixed with carbon sources (rice straw powder, corn stalk powder), nitrogen sources (soybean meal powder, chicken manure, horse manure, bone meal) and other additives. The C:N ratio is 20:1 to 25:1, and then the microbial flora Group II (D+E) is inserted into the raw material matrix, the inoculum amount is 20-30%, overturned, and naturally fermented. The fermentation process can be divided into three stages:

① Early stage of fermentation: Carbohydrate decomposition period (mineralization process and material recycling) at 40-50°C for 3-5 days;

②Middle stage of fermentation: cellulose decomposition period (mineralization and humification process and material recycling) at 50-70°C, 6-13 days;

③Late stage of fermentation: lignin decomposition period from below 50°C to room temperature, 14-21 days;

In the middle and late stages of fermentation, a large amount of cellulose lignin is decomposed, and carbon and nitrogen cycles are carried out simultaneously in the process of mineralization and humification, producing a large amount of nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, such as soluble N, P , K, trace elements, humic acid, sugars, amino acids, enzymes, plant auxins, etc. When the temperature drops to about 50°C, that is, in the late stage of fermentation, insert the microbial flora group I (A+B+C) into the fermentation material, and the inoculation amount is 15-20%

3) Relevant experiments on the production of microbial organic fertilizers using agricultural and sideline product waste such as pig manure as raw materials

When using pig manure and other agricultural and sideline product wastes as raw materials to produce microbial organic fertilizers, adding different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources will affect the temperature, pH value, number of bacteria, fermentation time and fertilizer quality during the fermentation of microbial organic fertilizers. There is a more obvious impact, the relevant results are as follows:

① Effect of adding straw powder and soybean meal powder on temperature during fermentation:

Adding different amounts of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder, the results of temperature changes during the fermentation process are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Effect of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder on temperature during fermentation

  Test treatment  Temperature (°C) 2 days 3 days 5 days 7 days 10 days 17 days 22 days

CK 50 57 57 60 59 60 64 2% straw powder 52 60 65 67 68 60 50 2% soybean meal flour 53 60 65 67 67 60 50 Straw powder, soybean meal powder each 2% 55 62 65 68 68 58 50

It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that adding different amounts of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder during the fermentation process and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio can shorten the fermentation period.

②The effect of adding rice straw powder and soybean meal powder on the pH value during the fermentation process:

Table 4 shows the results of adding different amounts of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder to the pH value changes during the fermentation process.

Table 4. Effect of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder on pH value during fermentation

Test treatment PH value 3 days 5 days 10 days 17 days 22 days CK 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.2 2% straw powder 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.0 2% soybean meal flour 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.0 Straw powder, soybean meal powder each 2% 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.0

It can be seen from the results in Table 4 that the addition of rice straw powder and soybean meal powder has a greater impact on the pH value.

③ Effects of adding rice straw powder and soybean meal powder on the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities in the fermentation process:

Table 5 shows the effects of adding rice straw powder and soybean meal powder on the number of microbial species and enzyme activities during the fermentation process.

Table 5. Effects of rice straw powder and meal powder on the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities during fermentation

Test treatment Azotobacter (1×10⁵pcs/g) Potassium bacteria (1×10⁶pcs/g) Inorganic phosphorus bacteria (1×10⁵pcs/g) Organophosphate bacteria (1×10⁶pcs/g) Actinomycetes (1×10⁴pcs/g) Protease activity (u/mg) CK 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 60.0 2% straw powder 52.0 51.0 48.0 25.0 20.0 80.0 2% soybean meal flour 40.0 60.0 50.0 30.0 20.0 120.0 Straw powder, soybean meal powder each 2% 500.0 100.0 300.0 500.0 20.0 250.0

It can be seen from the results in Table 5 that when rice straw powder and soybean meal powder were added during the fermentation process, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the fermentation product increased, thereby improving the quality of microbial organic fertilizer products. The above experimental data has important reference value for determining the production process of microbial organic fertilizer.

4) Main nutritional components and content of microbial organic fertilizers:

Main nutrients of microbial organic fertilizer: N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥6.0%, N≥2.0%, P ₂ O _5≥2.0 %, K ₂ O≥2.0%, HA (humic acid)≥15%, Organic matter ≥ 36%, the number of main effective viable bacteria > 100 million/g, and the dosage form can be powder or granular.

5) Field application effect of microbial organic fertilizer

Microbial organic fertilizer, application effect test on soybeans, corn, and economic crops, see Table 6, Table 7, and Table 8 for the results.

Table 6. Effects of microbial organic fertilizers on soybean agronomic traits and yield ^* (850 farms in Heilongjiang Province)

deal with Plant height (cm) Number of nodes (strains) Number of pods (piece/plant) Number of grains (piece/plant) 100-grain weight (g) Yield (kg/mu) Yield increase rate (%) test 85.7 17.0 22.0 60.1 23.15 192.9 113.3 control 76.7 14.4 17.5 46.1 23.00 170.3 100.0

^* The control is conventional fertilization, and 50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in the test

Table 7. Effects of microbial organic fertilizers on corn agronomic traits and yield ^* (850 farms in Heilongjiang Province)

deal with Number of grain rows (row/ear) Row number of grains (grains/row) Axial length (cm) Grain rate (%) 100-grain weight (g) Yield (kg/mu) Yield increase rate (%) test 16.3 36.3 19.4 81.2 35.2 651.2 115.6 control 16.2 33.3 17.9 80.8 32.9 563.3 100.0

^* The control is conventional fertilization, and 50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in the test

Table 8. Yield-increasing effect of microbial organic fertilizer on economic crops ^*

Crop Varieties Test (kg) Control (kg)   Yield increase rate (%) tomato 1657.5 1444.4 114.8 sweet potato 2687.2 2232.3 120.4

^* The control is conventional fertilization, and 50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in the test

As can be seen from the above test results, microbial organic fertilizers have an impact on the agronomic traits and yields of soybeans, corn, and economic crops. The results show that soybeans can be increased by 13.3%, corn can be increased by 15.6%, and economic crops The average yield increase was 14.8-20.4%; the difference was extremely significant through analysis of variance. Moreover, the method of use is simple, the effect of improving soil is obvious, and the quality of crops can be improved.

In order to improve product quality and shorten the production cycle, the applicant also tried highly active microbial strains isolated, purified and identified by Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (such as: brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii 230, colloid bacillus Bac. mucilaginosussilicas, Bacillus pumilus 289, Bac.thermophilus, Bac.stearothermophilus, marine actinomyces Streptomyces soseoflvus MB-97, marine bacteria Bacillus licheniformis 9912), the effect is better, has been tested in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Hubei and other places application.

Claims (7)

1. A production method of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer is characterized in that: with agricultural byproduct leftovers, chicken manure, domestic garbage and/or peat waste as raw material, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, bacillus 1. Marine actinomycetes are beneficial microbial flora. Seeds are produced by liquid fermentation. The raw materials are inoculated twice in large doses. The first time is inoculated with Bacillus + actinomycetes, and the second time is inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria + phosphorus bacteria + potassium bacteria , solid fermentation, multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer; As mentioned above, the first inoculation time is after the beneficial microbial flora is fermented into seed liquid, and the second inoculation time is when the temperature drops from 70-80°C to 40°C; during the solid fermentation process, the raw materials and microbial bacteria The weight ratio of group seed liquid is, raw material: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: phosphorus bacteria: potassium bacteria: bacillus: actinomycetes=100: 5-10: 5-10: 5-10: 10-15: 15-20; The water content of the raw material should be 30-40%; the number of viable bacteria per milliliter in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed liquid, phosphorus bacteria seed liquid, potassium bacteria seed liquid and bacillus seed liquid is at least 800 million respectively, and the actinomycetes seed liquid The number of viable bacteria per milliliter in the liquid is at least 100 million; The beneficial microbial flora is as follows: nitrogen-fixing bacteria are autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria or combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria are Bacillus megaterium, potassium bacteria are silicate bacteria and Bacillus are Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis subtilis) and Bacillus licheniformis (Bac. licheniformis). 2. according to the production method of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight/volume ratio of described raw material and microbial flora seed liquid is, raw material nitrogen-fixing bacteria: phosphorus bacteria: potassium bacteria: bacillus : marine actinomycetes = 100: 5: 5: 5: 10: 20; raw material C: N = 20: 1-25: 1. 3. according to the production method of the described multifunctional microorganism organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight of described nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium consists of: glucose 0.8-1.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.05%, phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen 0.01-0.05%, sodium chloride 0.01-0.05%, calcium carbonate 0.2-0.8%, calcium sulfate 0.01-0.03%, the balance is water, PH7.0-7.2; ventilation volume is 1:0.3-0.5, The culture temperature was 28°C and the time was 48 hours. 4. according to the production method of the described multifunctional microorganism organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight of described phosphorus bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium consists of: glucose 1-3%, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.06%, chlorine Potassium chloride 0.01-0.06%, sodium chloride 0.01-0.06%, ammonium sulfate 0.02-0.08%, calcium carbonate 0.2-0.6%, the balance is water, pH7.0-7.2; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, culture The temperature was 28°C and the time was 28 hours. 5. according to the production method of the described multifunctional microorganism organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight of described potassium bacteria seed liquid fermentation medium consists of: sucrose 0.2-0.8%, magnesium sulfate 0.02-0.08%, phosphoric acid Disodium hydrogen 0.1-0.5%, sodium chloride 0.01-0.05%, calcium carbonate 0.01-0.05%, the balance is water, pH7.0-7.2; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, the culture temperature is 28 ℃, the time for 28 hours. 6. according to the production method of the multifunctional microorganism organic fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight of described bacillus bacillus seed liquid fermentation medium consists of: cornmeal 0.5-1.0%, bean cake powder 0.5-1.0%, glucose 0.3-0.8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01-0.06%, the balance is water, pH 6.8-7.2; the ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.6, the culture temperature is 30°C, and the time is 28 hours. 7. according to the production method of the described multifunctional microorganism organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight of described marine actinomycetes seed liquid fermentation medium consists of: soluble starch 1-3%, magnesium sulfate 0.02-0.08 %, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.03-0.08%, Sodium chloride 0.03-0.08%, Potassium nitrate 0.1-0.5%, The balance is water; PH7.0-7.2; Ventilation rate is 1:0.3-0.5, fermentation temperature The temperature is 28°C, and the time is 28 hours.