CA2425539C - Crystalline monohydrate, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents
Crystalline monohydrate, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition Download PDFInfo
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- CA2425539C CA2425539C CA002425539A CA2425539A CA2425539C CA 2425539 C CA2425539 C CA 2425539C CA 002425539 A CA002425539 A CA 002425539A CA 2425539 A CA2425539 A CA 2425539A CA 2425539 C CA2425539 C CA 2425539C
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- Prior art keywords
- tiotropium bromide
- crystalline
- monohydrate
- pharmaceutical composition
- bromide monohydrate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229960000257 tiotropium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- MQLXPRBEAHBZTK-SEINRUQRSA-M tiotropium bromide hydrate Chemical compound O.[Br-].C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 MQLXPRBEAHBZTK-SEINRUQRSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 hydroxydi-2- thienylacetyl Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Divinylene sulfide Natural products C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940121948 Muscarinic receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940110309 tiotropium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N tiotropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2[N+]([C@H](C1)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O1)(C)C)C(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
- C07D451/10—Oxygen atoms acylated by aliphatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g. atropine, scopolamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/16—Central respiratory analeptics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a crystalline monohydrate of (1.alpha., 2.beta., 4.beta., 5.alpha., 7.beta.)-7-[(hydroxydi-2- thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9- dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0 2'4]nonane-bromide, processes for the preparation thereof, as well as the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, particularly for preparing a pharmaceutical composition having an anticholinergic activity. The compound of the invention is a crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide of formula (I): <IMG>
Description
Case 1/1148-foreign BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMA KG
._ 74400fft.204 Crystalline monohydrate, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition The invention relates to a crystalline monohydrate of (1 a,2[3,4[3,5x,7[3)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02'4]nonane-bromide, processes for the preparation thereof, as well as the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, particularly for preparing a pharmaceutical composition having an anticholinergic activity.
Back4round to the invention The compound (1oc,2[3,4[3,5a,7[3)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02'4]nonane-bromide is known from European Patent Application EP 418 716 A1 and has the following chemical structure:
+ Me nee H Br_ (I) The compound has valuable pharmacological properties and is known by the name tiotropium bromide (BA679). Tiotropium bromide is a highly effective anticholinergic and can therefore provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of asthma or COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Tiotropium bromide is preferably administered by inhalation. Suitable inhalable powders packed into appropriate capsules (inhalettes) may be used.
Alternatively, it may be administered by the use of suitable inhalable aerosols. These also include powdered inhalable aerosols which contain, for example, HFA134a, HFA227 or mixtures thereof as propellant gas.
The correct manufacture of the abovementioned compositions which are suitable for use for the administration of a pharmaceutically active substance by inhalation is based on various parameters which are connected with the nature of the active so substance itself. Without being restrictive, examples of these parameters are the stability of effect of the starting material under various environmental conditions, stability during production of the pharmaceutical formulation and stability in the final medicament compositions. The pharmaceutically active substance used for preparing the abovementioned pharmaceutical compositions should be as pure as possible and its stability in long-term storage must be guaranteed under various environmental conditions. This is absolutely essential to prevent the use of pharmaceutical compositions which contain, in addition to the actual active substance, breakdown products thereof, for example. In such cases the content of active substance in the capsules might be less than that specified.
The absorption of moisture reduces the content of pharmaceutically active substance ~o on account of the weight gain caused by the uptake of water. Pharmaceutical compositions with a tendency to absorb moisture have to be protected from damp during storage, e.g. by the addition of suitable drying agents or by storing the medicament in a damp-proof environment. In addition, the uptake of moisture can reduce the content of pharmaceutically active substance during manufacture if the ~5 medicament is exposed to the environment without being protected from damp in any way.
Uniform distribution of the medicament in the formulation is a critical factor, particularly when the medicament has to be given in low doses. To ensure uniform 2o distribution, the particle size of the active substance can be reduced to a suitable level, e.g. by grinding. Another aspect which is important in active substances to be administered by inhalation, e.g. by means of a powder, arises from the fact that only particles of a certain size can be taken into the lungs by inhalation. The particle size of these lung-bound particles (inhalable fraction) is in the sub-micron range.
In order 25 to obtain active substances of a corresponding particle size, a grinding process (so-called micronising) is again required.
Since breakdown of the pharmaceutically active substance as a side effect of the grinding (or micronising) has to be avoided as far as possible, in spite of the hard 3o conditions required during the process, it is absolutely essential that the active substance should be highly stable throughout the grinding process. Only if the active substance is sufficiently stable during the grinding process is it possible to produce a homogeneous pharmaceutical formulation which always contains the specified amount of active substance in reproducible manner.
Another problem which may arise in the grinding process for preparing the desired pharmaceutical formulation is the input of energy caused by this process and the stress on the surtace of the crystals. This may in certain circumstances lead to polymorphous changes, to a change in the amorphous configuration or to a change in the crystal lattice. Since the pharmaceutical quality of a pharmaceutical formulation requires that the active substance should always have the same crystalline morphology, the stability and properties of the crystalline active substance are subject to stringent requirements from this point of view as well.
The stability of a pharmaceutically active substance is also important in pharmaceutical compositions for determining the shelf life of the particular medicament; the shelf life is the length of time during which the medicament can be administered without any risk. High stability of a medicament in the abovementioned ~o pharmaceutical compositions under various storage conditions is therefore an additional advantage for both the patient and the manufacturer.
Apart from the requirements indicated above, it should be generally borne in mind that any change to the solid state of a pharmaceutical composition which is capable ~s of improving its physical and chemical stability gives a significant advantage over less stable forms of the same medicament.
The aim of the invention is thus to provide a new, stable crystalline form of the compound tiotropium bromide which meets the stringent requirements imposed on 2o pharmaceutically active substances as mentioned above.
Detailed description of the invention It has been found that, depending on the choice of conditions which can be used when purifying the crude product obtained after industrial manufacture, tiotropium 25 bromide occurs in various crystalline modifications.
It has been found that these different modifications can be deliberately produced by selecting the solvents used for the crystallisation as well as by a suitable choice of the process conditions used in the crystallisation process.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, which can be obtained in crystalline form by choosing specific reaction conditions, meets the stringent requirements mentioned above and thus solves the problem on which the present invention is based. Accordingly the present invention relates to 3s crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide. This preparation process is characterised in that tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example by the method disclosed in EP 418 716 A1, is taken up in water, the mixture obtained is heated and finally the hydrates of tiotropium bromide are crystallised while cooling slowly.
The present invention further relates to crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide which may be obtained by the above method.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is described in more detail hereinafter.
In order to prepare the crystalline monohydrate according to the present invention, tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example according to the method ~o disclosed in EP 418 716 A1, has to be taken up in water and heated, then purified with activated charcoal and, after removal of the activated charcoal, the tiotropium bromide monohydrate has to be crystallised out slowly while cooling gently.
The method described below is preferably used according to the invention.
~5 In a suitably dimensioned reaction vessel the solvent is mixed with tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example according to the method disclosed in EP 418 716 A1.
0.4 to 1.5 kg, preferably 0.6 to 1 kg, most preferably about 0.8 kg of water are used as solvent per mole of tiotropium bromide used. The mixture obtained is heated with 2o stirring, preferably to more than 50°C, most preferably to more than 60°C. The maximum temperature which can be selected will be determined by the boiling point of the solvent used, i.e. water. Preferably the mixture is heated to a range from 80-90°C.
Activated charcoal, dry or moistened with water, is added to this solution. 10 to 50 g, 2s more preferably 15 to 35 g, most preferably about 25 g of activated charcoal are put in per mole of tiotropium bromide used. If desired, the activated charcoal is suspended in water before being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide. 70 to 200 g, preferably 100 to 160 g, most preferably about 135 g water are used to suspend the activated charcoal, per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
If the so activated charcoal is suspended in water prior to being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide, it is advisable to rinse with the same amount of water.
After the activated charcoal has been added, stirring is continued at constant temperature for between 5 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes, 35 most preferably about 15 minutes, and the mixture obtained is filtered to remove the activated charcoal. The ~Iter is then rinsed with water. 140 to 400 g, preferably 200 to 320 g, most preferably about 270 g of water are used for this, per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
The filtrate is then slowly cooled, preferably to a temperature of 20-25°C. The cooling is preferably carried out at a cooling rate of 1 to 10°C per 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 8°C per 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5°C per 10 to 20 minutes, most preferably 3 to 5°C roughly per 20 minutes. If desired, the cooling to 20 to 25°C may be followed by further cooling to below 20°C, most preferably to 10 to 15°C.
Once the filtrate has cooled, it is stirred for between 20 minutes and 3 hours, preferably between 40 minutes and 2 hours, most preferably about one hour, to ~o complete the crystallisation.
The crystals formed are finally isolated by filtering or suction filtering the solvent. If it proves necessary to subject the crystals obtained to another washing step, it is advisable to use water or acetone as the washing solvent. 0.1 to 1.0 f, preferably 0.2 T5 to 0.51, most preferably about 0.3 I solvent are used, per mole of tiotropium bromide, to wash the tiotropium bromide monohydrate crystals obtained. If desired the washing step may be repeated.
The product obtained is dried in vacuo or using circulating hot air until a water content of 2.5 - 4.0 % is obtained.
One aspect of the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which can be obtained using the method described above.
The tiotropium bromide monohydrate obtainable using the method described above was investigated by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The DSC diagram shows two characteristic signals. The first, relatively broad, endothermic signal between '.~0-120°C can be attributed to the dehydration of the tiotropium bromide monohydrate into the anhydrous form. The second, relatively sharp, endothermic peak at 230 ~ 5°C can be put down to the melting of the substance (Figure 1 ). This TM
so data was obtained using a Mettler DSC 821 and evaluated using the Mettler STAR
software package. The data was recorded at a heating rate of 10 Klmin.
Since the substance melts with decomposition (= incongruent melting process), the melting point observed depends to a great extent on the heating rate. At lower s5 heating rates, the melting/decomposition process is observed at significantly lower temperatures, e.g. at 220 ~ 5 °C with a heating rate of 3 K/min. It is also possible that the melting peak may be split. The split is all the more apparent the Power the heating rate in the DSC experiment.
._ 74400fft.204 Crystalline monohydrate, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition The invention relates to a crystalline monohydrate of (1 a,2[3,4[3,5x,7[3)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02'4]nonane-bromide, processes for the preparation thereof, as well as the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, particularly for preparing a pharmaceutical composition having an anticholinergic activity.
Back4round to the invention The compound (1oc,2[3,4[3,5a,7[3)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02'4]nonane-bromide is known from European Patent Application EP 418 716 A1 and has the following chemical structure:
+ Me nee H Br_ (I) The compound has valuable pharmacological properties and is known by the name tiotropium bromide (BA679). Tiotropium bromide is a highly effective anticholinergic and can therefore provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of asthma or COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Tiotropium bromide is preferably administered by inhalation. Suitable inhalable powders packed into appropriate capsules (inhalettes) may be used.
Alternatively, it may be administered by the use of suitable inhalable aerosols. These also include powdered inhalable aerosols which contain, for example, HFA134a, HFA227 or mixtures thereof as propellant gas.
The correct manufacture of the abovementioned compositions which are suitable for use for the administration of a pharmaceutically active substance by inhalation is based on various parameters which are connected with the nature of the active so substance itself. Without being restrictive, examples of these parameters are the stability of effect of the starting material under various environmental conditions, stability during production of the pharmaceutical formulation and stability in the final medicament compositions. The pharmaceutically active substance used for preparing the abovementioned pharmaceutical compositions should be as pure as possible and its stability in long-term storage must be guaranteed under various environmental conditions. This is absolutely essential to prevent the use of pharmaceutical compositions which contain, in addition to the actual active substance, breakdown products thereof, for example. In such cases the content of active substance in the capsules might be less than that specified.
The absorption of moisture reduces the content of pharmaceutically active substance ~o on account of the weight gain caused by the uptake of water. Pharmaceutical compositions with a tendency to absorb moisture have to be protected from damp during storage, e.g. by the addition of suitable drying agents or by storing the medicament in a damp-proof environment. In addition, the uptake of moisture can reduce the content of pharmaceutically active substance during manufacture if the ~5 medicament is exposed to the environment without being protected from damp in any way.
Uniform distribution of the medicament in the formulation is a critical factor, particularly when the medicament has to be given in low doses. To ensure uniform 2o distribution, the particle size of the active substance can be reduced to a suitable level, e.g. by grinding. Another aspect which is important in active substances to be administered by inhalation, e.g. by means of a powder, arises from the fact that only particles of a certain size can be taken into the lungs by inhalation. The particle size of these lung-bound particles (inhalable fraction) is in the sub-micron range.
In order 25 to obtain active substances of a corresponding particle size, a grinding process (so-called micronising) is again required.
Since breakdown of the pharmaceutically active substance as a side effect of the grinding (or micronising) has to be avoided as far as possible, in spite of the hard 3o conditions required during the process, it is absolutely essential that the active substance should be highly stable throughout the grinding process. Only if the active substance is sufficiently stable during the grinding process is it possible to produce a homogeneous pharmaceutical formulation which always contains the specified amount of active substance in reproducible manner.
Another problem which may arise in the grinding process for preparing the desired pharmaceutical formulation is the input of energy caused by this process and the stress on the surtace of the crystals. This may in certain circumstances lead to polymorphous changes, to a change in the amorphous configuration or to a change in the crystal lattice. Since the pharmaceutical quality of a pharmaceutical formulation requires that the active substance should always have the same crystalline morphology, the stability and properties of the crystalline active substance are subject to stringent requirements from this point of view as well.
The stability of a pharmaceutically active substance is also important in pharmaceutical compositions for determining the shelf life of the particular medicament; the shelf life is the length of time during which the medicament can be administered without any risk. High stability of a medicament in the abovementioned ~o pharmaceutical compositions under various storage conditions is therefore an additional advantage for both the patient and the manufacturer.
Apart from the requirements indicated above, it should be generally borne in mind that any change to the solid state of a pharmaceutical composition which is capable ~s of improving its physical and chemical stability gives a significant advantage over less stable forms of the same medicament.
The aim of the invention is thus to provide a new, stable crystalline form of the compound tiotropium bromide which meets the stringent requirements imposed on 2o pharmaceutically active substances as mentioned above.
Detailed description of the invention It has been found that, depending on the choice of conditions which can be used when purifying the crude product obtained after industrial manufacture, tiotropium 25 bromide occurs in various crystalline modifications.
It has been found that these different modifications can be deliberately produced by selecting the solvents used for the crystallisation as well as by a suitable choice of the process conditions used in the crystallisation process.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, which can be obtained in crystalline form by choosing specific reaction conditions, meets the stringent requirements mentioned above and thus solves the problem on which the present invention is based. Accordingly the present invention relates to 3s crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide. This preparation process is characterised in that tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example by the method disclosed in EP 418 716 A1, is taken up in water, the mixture obtained is heated and finally the hydrates of tiotropium bromide are crystallised while cooling slowly.
The present invention further relates to crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide which may be obtained by the above method.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is described in more detail hereinafter.
In order to prepare the crystalline monohydrate according to the present invention, tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example according to the method ~o disclosed in EP 418 716 A1, has to be taken up in water and heated, then purified with activated charcoal and, after removal of the activated charcoal, the tiotropium bromide monohydrate has to be crystallised out slowly while cooling gently.
The method described below is preferably used according to the invention.
~5 In a suitably dimensioned reaction vessel the solvent is mixed with tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example according to the method disclosed in EP 418 716 A1.
0.4 to 1.5 kg, preferably 0.6 to 1 kg, most preferably about 0.8 kg of water are used as solvent per mole of tiotropium bromide used. The mixture obtained is heated with 2o stirring, preferably to more than 50°C, most preferably to more than 60°C. The maximum temperature which can be selected will be determined by the boiling point of the solvent used, i.e. water. Preferably the mixture is heated to a range from 80-90°C.
Activated charcoal, dry or moistened with water, is added to this solution. 10 to 50 g, 2s more preferably 15 to 35 g, most preferably about 25 g of activated charcoal are put in per mole of tiotropium bromide used. If desired, the activated charcoal is suspended in water before being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide. 70 to 200 g, preferably 100 to 160 g, most preferably about 135 g water are used to suspend the activated charcoal, per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
If the so activated charcoal is suspended in water prior to being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide, it is advisable to rinse with the same amount of water.
After the activated charcoal has been added, stirring is continued at constant temperature for between 5 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes, 35 most preferably about 15 minutes, and the mixture obtained is filtered to remove the activated charcoal. The ~Iter is then rinsed with water. 140 to 400 g, preferably 200 to 320 g, most preferably about 270 g of water are used for this, per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
The filtrate is then slowly cooled, preferably to a temperature of 20-25°C. The cooling is preferably carried out at a cooling rate of 1 to 10°C per 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 8°C per 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5°C per 10 to 20 minutes, most preferably 3 to 5°C roughly per 20 minutes. If desired, the cooling to 20 to 25°C may be followed by further cooling to below 20°C, most preferably to 10 to 15°C.
Once the filtrate has cooled, it is stirred for between 20 minutes and 3 hours, preferably between 40 minutes and 2 hours, most preferably about one hour, to ~o complete the crystallisation.
The crystals formed are finally isolated by filtering or suction filtering the solvent. If it proves necessary to subject the crystals obtained to another washing step, it is advisable to use water or acetone as the washing solvent. 0.1 to 1.0 f, preferably 0.2 T5 to 0.51, most preferably about 0.3 I solvent are used, per mole of tiotropium bromide, to wash the tiotropium bromide monohydrate crystals obtained. If desired the washing step may be repeated.
The product obtained is dried in vacuo or using circulating hot air until a water content of 2.5 - 4.0 % is obtained.
One aspect of the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which can be obtained using the method described above.
The tiotropium bromide monohydrate obtainable using the method described above was investigated by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The DSC diagram shows two characteristic signals. The first, relatively broad, endothermic signal between '.~0-120°C can be attributed to the dehydration of the tiotropium bromide monohydrate into the anhydrous form. The second, relatively sharp, endothermic peak at 230 ~ 5°C can be put down to the melting of the substance (Figure 1 ). This TM
so data was obtained using a Mettler DSC 821 and evaluated using the Mettler STAR
software package. The data was recorded at a heating rate of 10 Klmin.
Since the substance melts with decomposition (= incongruent melting process), the melting point observed depends to a great extent on the heating rate. At lower s5 heating rates, the melting/decomposition process is observed at significantly lower temperatures, e.g. at 220 ~ 5 °C with a heating rate of 3 K/min. It is also possible that the melting peak may be split. The split is all the more apparent the Power the heating rate in the DSC experiment.
The present invention is therefore directed to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised, according to Figure 1, by an endothermic peak at 230°C (~ 5°C) at a heating rate of 10 Klmin.
The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised TM
by IR spectroscopy. The data was obtained using a Nicolet FTIR spectrometer and TM
evaluated with the Nicolet OMNIC software package, version 3.1. The measurement was carried out with 2.5pmol of tiotropium bromide monohydrate in 300 mg of KBr.
The lR spectrum obtained is shown in Figure 2.
~o Table 1 shows some of the essential bands of the IR spectrum.
Table 1: Attribution of specific bands Wave number (crri') Attribution Type of oscillation 3570, 410 O-H elongated oscillation 3105 Aryl C-H elongated oscillation 1730 C=0 elongated oscillation 1260 Epoxide C-O elongated oscillation 1035 Ester C-OC elongated oscillation 720 Thiophene cyclic oscillation ~5 Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised according to Figure 2 by an 1R spectrum which has bands at wave numbers 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 and 720 crn', infer alia.
2o The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised by X-ray :>tructural analysis. The measurements of X-ray diffraction intensity were TM
carried out on an AFC7R- 4-circuit diffractometer (Rigaku) using monochromatic copper I~ radiation. The structural solution and refinement of the crystal structure were obtained by direct methods (SHELXS86 Program) and FMLQ-refinement 25 (TeXsan Program). Experimental details of the crystalline structure, structural resolution and refinement are collected in Table 2.
The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised TM
by IR spectroscopy. The data was obtained using a Nicolet FTIR spectrometer and TM
evaluated with the Nicolet OMNIC software package, version 3.1. The measurement was carried out with 2.5pmol of tiotropium bromide monohydrate in 300 mg of KBr.
The lR spectrum obtained is shown in Figure 2.
~o Table 1 shows some of the essential bands of the IR spectrum.
Table 1: Attribution of specific bands Wave number (crri') Attribution Type of oscillation 3570, 410 O-H elongated oscillation 3105 Aryl C-H elongated oscillation 1730 C=0 elongated oscillation 1260 Epoxide C-O elongated oscillation 1035 Ester C-OC elongated oscillation 720 Thiophene cyclic oscillation ~5 Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised according to Figure 2 by an 1R spectrum which has bands at wave numbers 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 and 720 crn', infer alia.
2o The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised by X-ray :>tructural analysis. The measurements of X-ray diffraction intensity were TM
carried out on an AFC7R- 4-circuit diffractometer (Rigaku) using monochromatic copper I~ radiation. The structural solution and refinement of the crystal structure were obtained by direct methods (SHELXS86 Program) and FMLQ-refinement 25 (TeXsan Program). Experimental details of the crystalline structure, structural resolution and refinement are collected in Table 2.
Table 2: Experimental data on the analysis of the crystalline structure of tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
A. Crystal data Empirical formula [C,9H~N04S~] Br ~ H20 Weight of formula 472.43 + 18.00 colour and shape of crystals colourless, prismatic dimensions of crystals 0.2 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm crystal system monoclinic lattice type primitive 1o space group P 2,/n lattice constants a = 18.0774 A, b = 11.9711 A
c = 9.9321 A
[i = 102.691 V = 2096.96 ~3 formula units per elementary cell 4 _B. Measurements of intensity Diffractometer Rigaku AFC7R
2o X-ray generator Rigaku RU200 wavelength 7~= 1.54178A (monochromatic copper Ka radiation) current, voltage 50kV, 100mA
take-off angle 6 2s crystal assembly steam-saturated capillary crystal-detector gap 235mm detector opening 3.0 mm vertical and horizontal temperature 18 determining the lattice constants 25 reflexes (50.8 < 20 < 56.2) 3o Scan Type c~ - 20 Scan speed 8.0 32.0/min in c~
Scan width (0.58 + 0.30 tan 0) 20max 120 measured 5193 3s independent reflexes 3281 ( R;~t 0.051 ) corrections Lorentz polarisation Absorption (Transmission factors 0.56 - 1.00) crystal decay 10.47% decay C. Refinement Reflections (I > 3Q1) 1978 Variable 254 ratio of reflections/parameters 7.8 R-values: R, Rw 0.062, 0.066 The X-ray structural analysis carried out showed that crystalline tiotropium bromide hydrate has a simple monoclinic cell with the following dimensions:
~o a = 18.0774 ~, b = 11.9711 ~, c = 9.9321 ~, ~i = 102.691 °, V =
2096.96 ~3.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised by the elementary cell described above.
The atomic coordinates described in Table 3 were determined by the above X-ray structural analysis:
Table 3: Coordinates Atom x y z a (eq) Br(1 ) 0.63938(7) 0.0490(1 0.2651 0.0696(4) ) (1 ) S(1 ) 0.2807(2) 0.8774(3)0.1219(3) 0.086(1 ) S(2) 0.4555(3) 0.6370(4)0.4214(5) 0.141 (2) O(1 ) 0.2185(4) 0.7372(6)0.4365(8) 0.079(3) O(2) 0.3162(4) 0.6363(8)0.5349(9) 0.106(3) O(3) 0.3188(4) 0.9012(5)0.4097(6) 0.058(2) O(4) 0.0416(4) 0.9429(6)0.3390(8) 0.085(3) O(5) 0.8185(5) 0.0004(8)0.2629(9) 0.106(3) N(1 ) 0.0111 (4) 0.7607(6)0.4752(7) 0.052(2) C(1 ) 0.2895(5) 0.7107(9)0.4632(9) 0.048(3) C(2) 0.3330(5) 0.7876(8)0.3826(8) 0.048(3) 3o C(3) 0.3004(5) 0.7672(8)0.2296(8) 0.046(3) C(4) 0.4173(5) 0.7650(8)0.4148(8) 0.052(3) C(5) 0.1635(5) 0.6746(9)0.497(1 0.062(3) ) C(6) 0.1435(5) 0.7488(9)0.6085(9) 0.057(3) C(7) 0.0989(6) 0.6415(8)0.378(1 0.059(3) ) C(8) 0.0382(5) 0.7325(9)0.3439(9) 0.056(3) C(9) 0.0761 (6) 0.840(1 0.315(1 0.064(3) ) ) C(10) 0.1014(6) 0.8974(8)0.443(1 0.060(3) ) C(11 ) 0.0785(5) 0.8286(8)0.5540(9) 0.053(3) C(12) -0.0632(6) 0.826(1 0.444(1 0.086(4) ) ) continuation of Table 3: Coordinates Atom x y z a (eq) C(13) -0.0063(6) 0.6595(9)0.554(1 0.062(3) ) C(14) 0.4747(4) 0.8652(9)0.430(1 0.030(2) ) C(15) 0.2839(5) 0:6644(9)0.1629(9) 0.055(3) C(16) 0.528(2) 0.818(2) 0.445(2) 0.22(1 ) C(17) 0.5445(5) 0.702(2) 0.441 (1 0.144(6) ) C(18) 0.2552(6) 0.684(1) 0.019(1) 0.079(4) 1o C(19) 0.2507(6) 0.792(1 -0.016(1 0.080(4) ) ) H(1 ) -0.0767 0.8453 0.5286 0.102 H(2) -0.0572 0.8919 0.3949 0.102 H(3) -0.1021 0.7810 0.3906 0.102 H(4) -0.0210 0.6826 0.6359 0.073 H(5) -0.0463 0.6178 0.4982 0.073 H(6) 0.0377 0.6134 0.5781 0.073 H(7) 0.1300 0.7026 0.6770 0.069 H(8) 0.1873 0.7915 0.6490 0.069 H(9) 0.1190 0.6284 0.2985 0.069 2o H(10) 0.0762 0.5750 0.4016 0.069 H(11 ) 0.1873 0.6082 0.5393 0.073 H(12) -0.0025 0.7116 0.2699 0.066 H(13) 0.1084 0.8383 0.2506 0.075 H(14) 0.1498 0.9329 0.4626 0.071 H(15) 0.0658 0.8734 0.6250 0.063 H(16) 0.2906 0.5927 0.2065 0.065 H(17) 0.2406 0.6258 -0.0469 0.094 H(18) 0.2328 0.8191 -0.1075 0.097 H(19) 0.4649 0.9443 0.4254 0.037 3o H(20) 0.5729 0.8656 0.4660 0.268 H(21 ) 0.5930 0.6651 0.4477 0.165 H(22) 0.8192 -0.0610 0.1619 0.084 H(23) 0.7603 0.0105 0.2412 0.084 x, y, z: onal coordinates;
fracti U(eq) mean quadratic crystal;
amplitude of atomic movement in the According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate as a medicament in the light of the pharmaceutical efficacy of the hydrate according to the invention.
To prepare a medicament which can be inhaled, particularly an inhalable powder, which contains the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate described by the present invention, methods known from the prior art may be used. In this respect, reference is made, for example, to the teaching of DE-A-179 22 07. Accordingly a 5 further aspect of the present invention relates to inhalable powders characterised in that they contain tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
In view of the anticholinergic effects of tiotropium bromide monohydrate a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate ~o for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases in which the use of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic benefit. It is preferably used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating asthma or COPD.
The following example of synthesis serves to illustrate a method of preparing ~s crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate carried out by way of example.
It is to be regarded only as a possible method described by way of example, without restricting the invention to its contents.
Example of synthesis In a suitable reaction vessel 15.0 kg of tiotropium bromide are added to 25.7 kg of 2o water. The mixture is heated to 80-90°C and stirred at constant temperature until a clear solution is formed. Activated charcoal (0.8 kg), moistened with water, is suspended in 4.4 kg of water, this mixture is added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide and rinsed with 4.3 kg of water. The mixture thus obtained is stirred for at least 15 min at 80-90°C and then filtered through a heated filter into an 25 apparatus which has been preheated to an outer temperature of 70°C.
The filter is rinsed with 8.6 kg of water. The contents of the apparatus are cooled to a temperature of 20-25°C at a rate of 3-5°C per 20 minutes. The apparatus is further cooled to 10-15°C using cold water, and the crystallisation is completed by stirring for at least one hour. The crystals are isolated using a suction filter drier, the crystal so slurry isolated is washed with 9 I of cold water (10-15°C) and cold acetone (10-15°C). The crystals obtained are dried at 25°C for 2 hours in a nitrogen current.
Yield : 13.4 kg of tiotropium bromide monohydrate (86 % of theory)
A. Crystal data Empirical formula [C,9H~N04S~] Br ~ H20 Weight of formula 472.43 + 18.00 colour and shape of crystals colourless, prismatic dimensions of crystals 0.2 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm crystal system monoclinic lattice type primitive 1o space group P 2,/n lattice constants a = 18.0774 A, b = 11.9711 A
c = 9.9321 A
[i = 102.691 V = 2096.96 ~3 formula units per elementary cell 4 _B. Measurements of intensity Diffractometer Rigaku AFC7R
2o X-ray generator Rigaku RU200 wavelength 7~= 1.54178A (monochromatic copper Ka radiation) current, voltage 50kV, 100mA
take-off angle 6 2s crystal assembly steam-saturated capillary crystal-detector gap 235mm detector opening 3.0 mm vertical and horizontal temperature 18 determining the lattice constants 25 reflexes (50.8 < 20 < 56.2) 3o Scan Type c~ - 20 Scan speed 8.0 32.0/min in c~
Scan width (0.58 + 0.30 tan 0) 20max 120 measured 5193 3s independent reflexes 3281 ( R;~t 0.051 ) corrections Lorentz polarisation Absorption (Transmission factors 0.56 - 1.00) crystal decay 10.47% decay C. Refinement Reflections (I > 3Q1) 1978 Variable 254 ratio of reflections/parameters 7.8 R-values: R, Rw 0.062, 0.066 The X-ray structural analysis carried out showed that crystalline tiotropium bromide hydrate has a simple monoclinic cell with the following dimensions:
~o a = 18.0774 ~, b = 11.9711 ~, c = 9.9321 ~, ~i = 102.691 °, V =
2096.96 ~3.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised by the elementary cell described above.
The atomic coordinates described in Table 3 were determined by the above X-ray structural analysis:
Table 3: Coordinates Atom x y z a (eq) Br(1 ) 0.63938(7) 0.0490(1 0.2651 0.0696(4) ) (1 ) S(1 ) 0.2807(2) 0.8774(3)0.1219(3) 0.086(1 ) S(2) 0.4555(3) 0.6370(4)0.4214(5) 0.141 (2) O(1 ) 0.2185(4) 0.7372(6)0.4365(8) 0.079(3) O(2) 0.3162(4) 0.6363(8)0.5349(9) 0.106(3) O(3) 0.3188(4) 0.9012(5)0.4097(6) 0.058(2) O(4) 0.0416(4) 0.9429(6)0.3390(8) 0.085(3) O(5) 0.8185(5) 0.0004(8)0.2629(9) 0.106(3) N(1 ) 0.0111 (4) 0.7607(6)0.4752(7) 0.052(2) C(1 ) 0.2895(5) 0.7107(9)0.4632(9) 0.048(3) C(2) 0.3330(5) 0.7876(8)0.3826(8) 0.048(3) 3o C(3) 0.3004(5) 0.7672(8)0.2296(8) 0.046(3) C(4) 0.4173(5) 0.7650(8)0.4148(8) 0.052(3) C(5) 0.1635(5) 0.6746(9)0.497(1 0.062(3) ) C(6) 0.1435(5) 0.7488(9)0.6085(9) 0.057(3) C(7) 0.0989(6) 0.6415(8)0.378(1 0.059(3) ) C(8) 0.0382(5) 0.7325(9)0.3439(9) 0.056(3) C(9) 0.0761 (6) 0.840(1 0.315(1 0.064(3) ) ) C(10) 0.1014(6) 0.8974(8)0.443(1 0.060(3) ) C(11 ) 0.0785(5) 0.8286(8)0.5540(9) 0.053(3) C(12) -0.0632(6) 0.826(1 0.444(1 0.086(4) ) ) continuation of Table 3: Coordinates Atom x y z a (eq) C(13) -0.0063(6) 0.6595(9)0.554(1 0.062(3) ) C(14) 0.4747(4) 0.8652(9)0.430(1 0.030(2) ) C(15) 0.2839(5) 0:6644(9)0.1629(9) 0.055(3) C(16) 0.528(2) 0.818(2) 0.445(2) 0.22(1 ) C(17) 0.5445(5) 0.702(2) 0.441 (1 0.144(6) ) C(18) 0.2552(6) 0.684(1) 0.019(1) 0.079(4) 1o C(19) 0.2507(6) 0.792(1 -0.016(1 0.080(4) ) ) H(1 ) -0.0767 0.8453 0.5286 0.102 H(2) -0.0572 0.8919 0.3949 0.102 H(3) -0.1021 0.7810 0.3906 0.102 H(4) -0.0210 0.6826 0.6359 0.073 H(5) -0.0463 0.6178 0.4982 0.073 H(6) 0.0377 0.6134 0.5781 0.073 H(7) 0.1300 0.7026 0.6770 0.069 H(8) 0.1873 0.7915 0.6490 0.069 H(9) 0.1190 0.6284 0.2985 0.069 2o H(10) 0.0762 0.5750 0.4016 0.069 H(11 ) 0.1873 0.6082 0.5393 0.073 H(12) -0.0025 0.7116 0.2699 0.066 H(13) 0.1084 0.8383 0.2506 0.075 H(14) 0.1498 0.9329 0.4626 0.071 H(15) 0.0658 0.8734 0.6250 0.063 H(16) 0.2906 0.5927 0.2065 0.065 H(17) 0.2406 0.6258 -0.0469 0.094 H(18) 0.2328 0.8191 -0.1075 0.097 H(19) 0.4649 0.9443 0.4254 0.037 3o H(20) 0.5729 0.8656 0.4660 0.268 H(21 ) 0.5930 0.6651 0.4477 0.165 H(22) 0.8192 -0.0610 0.1619 0.084 H(23) 0.7603 0.0105 0.2412 0.084 x, y, z: onal coordinates;
fracti U(eq) mean quadratic crystal;
amplitude of atomic movement in the According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate as a medicament in the light of the pharmaceutical efficacy of the hydrate according to the invention.
To prepare a medicament which can be inhaled, particularly an inhalable powder, which contains the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate described by the present invention, methods known from the prior art may be used. In this respect, reference is made, for example, to the teaching of DE-A-179 22 07. Accordingly a 5 further aspect of the present invention relates to inhalable powders characterised in that they contain tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
In view of the anticholinergic effects of tiotropium bromide monohydrate a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate ~o for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases in which the use of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic benefit. It is preferably used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating asthma or COPD.
The following example of synthesis serves to illustrate a method of preparing ~s crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate carried out by way of example.
It is to be regarded only as a possible method described by way of example, without restricting the invention to its contents.
Example of synthesis In a suitable reaction vessel 15.0 kg of tiotropium bromide are added to 25.7 kg of 2o water. The mixture is heated to 80-90°C and stirred at constant temperature until a clear solution is formed. Activated charcoal (0.8 kg), moistened with water, is suspended in 4.4 kg of water, this mixture is added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide and rinsed with 4.3 kg of water. The mixture thus obtained is stirred for at least 15 min at 80-90°C and then filtered through a heated filter into an 25 apparatus which has been preheated to an outer temperature of 70°C.
The filter is rinsed with 8.6 kg of water. The contents of the apparatus are cooled to a temperature of 20-25°C at a rate of 3-5°C per 20 minutes. The apparatus is further cooled to 10-15°C using cold water, and the crystallisation is completed by stirring for at least one hour. The crystals are isolated using a suction filter drier, the crystal so slurry isolated is washed with 9 I of cold water (10-15°C) and cold acetone (10-15°C). The crystals obtained are dried at 25°C for 2 hours in a nitrogen current.
Yield : 13.4 kg of tiotropium bromide monohydrate (86 % of theory)
Claims (13)
1. Crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide of formula (I) :
2. Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to claim 1, comprising an endothermic peak at 230 ~5°C occurring during thermal analysis using DSC, at a heating rate of 10K/min.
3. Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an IR spectrum which comprises bands at wave numbers 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 and 720 cm-1.
4. Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a single monoclinic cell having the following dimensions:
a = 18.0774 .ANG., b = 11.9711 .ANG., c = 9.9321 .ANG., .beta. =
102.691°, V = 2096.96 .ANG.3.
a = 18.0774 .ANG., b = 11.9711 .ANG., c = 9.9321 .ANG., .beta. =
102.691°, V = 2096.96 .ANG.3.
5. A process for preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a) tiotropium bromide is taken up in water, b) the mixture obtained is heated, c) activated charcoal is added, and d) after the removal of the activated charcoal, tiotropium bromide monohydrate is slowly crystallised with slow cooling of the aqueous solution.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein a) 0.4 to 1.5 kg of water are used per mole of tiotropium bromide put in, b) the mixture obtained is heated to more than 50°C, c) 10 to 50 g of activated charcoal are used per mole of tiotropium bromide used and after the activated charcoal has been added stirring is continued for between 5 and 60 minutes, d) the mixture obtained is filtered, the filtrate obtained is cooled to a temperature of 20-25°C at a cooling rate of 1 to 10°C per 10 to 30 minutes and the tiotropium bromide monohydrate is thus crystallised.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
8. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, in the form of an inhalable powder.
9. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7 or 8 for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.
10. Use of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.
11. Use of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.
12. Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.
13. Process for preparing crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, wherein tiotropium bromide is taken up in water, the mixture obtained is heated and finally the hydrates of tiotropium bromide are crystallised with slow cooling.
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| WO2010011813A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Alkermes, Inc. | Complex of trospium and pharmaceutical compositions thereof |
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