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A004016
Theta series of planar hexagonal lattice A_2.
(Formerly M4042)
+10
311
1, 6, 0, 6, 6, 0, 0, 12, 0, 6, 0, 0, 6, 12, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 6, 12, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 18, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 12, 6, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 6, 12, 0, 0, 12, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
The hexagonal lattice is the familiar 2-dimensional lattice in which each point has 6 neighbors. This is sometimes called the triangular lattice.
a(n) is the number of integer solutions to x^2 + x*y + y^2 = n (or equivalently x^2 - x*y + y^2 = n). - Michael Somos, Sep 20 2004
a(n) is the number of integer solutions to x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 2*n where x + y + z = 0. - Michael Somos, Mar 12 2012
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
Cubic AGM theta functions: a(q) (the present sequence), b(q) (A005928), c(q) (A005882).
a(n) = 6*A002324(n) if n>0, and A002324 is multiplicative, thus a(1)*a(m*n) = a(n)*a(m) if n>0, m>0 are relatively prime. - Michael Somos, Mar 17 2019
The first occurrence of a(n)= 6, 12, 18, 24, ... (multiples of 6) is at n= 1, 7, 49, 91, 2401, 637, 117649, ... (see A002324). - R. J. Mathar, Sep 21 2024
REFERENCES
B. C. Berndt, Ramanujan's Notebooks Part IV, Springer-Verlag, see p. 171, Entry 28.
Harvey Cohn, Advanced Number Theory, Dover Publications, Inc., 1980, p. 89. Ex. 18.
J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, "Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups", Springer-Verlag, p. 111.
M. N. Huxley, Area, Lattice Points and Exponential Sums, Oxford, 1996; p. 236.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (terms 0..1000 from T. D. Noe)
S. Ahlgren, The sixth, eighth, ninth and tenth powers of Ramanujan's theta function, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 128 (1999), 1333-1338; F_3(q).
J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, A cubic counterpart of Jacobi's identity and the AGM, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 323 (1991), no. 2, 691-701. MR1010408 (91e:33012) see page 695.
G. L. Hall, Comment on the paper "Theta series and magic numbers for diamond and certain ionic crystal structures" [J. Math. Phys. 28, 1653 (1987)]. Journal of Mathematical Physics; Sep. 1988, Vol. 29 Issue 9, pp. 2090-2092. - From N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 18 2012
M. D. Hirschhorn, Three classical results on representations of a number, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire, B42f (1999), 8 pp.
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, The zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1505.07229v3 [math.AG], 2015. [Note that a later version of this paper has a different title and different contents, and the number-theoretical part of the paper was moved to the publication which is next in this list.]
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Complete determination of the zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1610.07793 [math.NT], 2016.
Masao Koike, Modular forms on non-compact arithmetic triangle groups, Unpublished manuscript [Extensively annotated with OEIS A-numbers by N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 14 2021. I wrote 2005 on the first page but the internal evidence suggests 1997.]
G. Nebe and N. J. A. Sloane, Home page for hexagonal (or triangular) lattice A2.
N. J. A. Sloane et al., Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS (Index to related sequences, programs, references).
N. J. A. Sloane, Tables of Sphere Packings and Spherical Codes, IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. IT-27, 1981 pp. 327-338.
N. J. A. Sloane, Theta series and magic numbers for diamond and certain ionic crystal structures, J. Math. Phys. 28 (1987), 1653-1657.
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
Index entries for sequences related to A2 = hexagonal = triangular lattice.
FORMULA
Expansion of a(q) in powers of q where a(q) is the first cubic AGM theta function.
Expansion of theta_3(q) * theta_3(q^3) + theta_2(q) * theta_2(q^3) in powers of q.
Expansion of phi(x) * phi(x^3) + 4 * x * psi(x^2) * psi(x^6) in powers of x where phi(), psi() are Ramanujan theta functions.
Expansion of (1 / Pi) integral_{0 .. Pi/2} theta_3(z, q)^3 + theta_4(z, q)^3 dz in powers of q^2. - Michael Somos, Jan 01 2012
Expansion of coefficient of x^0 in f(x * q, q / x)^3 in powers of q^2 where f(,) is Ramanujan's general theta function. - Michael Somos, Jan 01 2012
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = u^2 - 3*v^2 - 2*u*w + 4*w^2. - Michael Somos, Jun 11 2004
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = (u1-u3) * (u3-u6) - (u2-u6)^2. - Michael Somos, May 20 2005
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (3 t)) = 3^(1/2) (t/i) f(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t). - Michael Somos, Sep 11 2007
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) + A(-x) = 2 * A(x^4), from Ramanujan.
G.f.: 1 + 6 * Sum_{k>0} x^k / (1 + x^k + x^(2*k)). - Michael Somos, Oct 06 2003
G.f.: Sum_( q^(n^2+n*m+m^2) ) where the sum (for n and m) extends over the integers. - Joerg Arndt, Jul 20 2011
G.f.: theta_3(q) * theta_3(q^3) + theta_2(q) * theta_2(q^3) = (eta(q^(1/3))^3 + 3 * eta(q^3)^3) / eta(q).
G.f.: 1 + 6*Sum_{n>=1} x^(3*n-2)/(1-x^(3*n-2)) - x^(3*n-1)/(1-x^(3*n-1)). - Paul D. Hanna, Jul 03 2011
a(3*n + 2) = 0, a(3*n) = a(n), a(3*n + 1) = 6 * A033687(n). - Michael Somos, Jul 16 2005
a(2*n + 1) = 6 * A033762(n), a(4*n + 2) = 0, a(4*n) = a(n), a(4*n + 1) = 6 * A112604(n), a(4*n + 3) = 6 * A112595(n). - Michael Somos, May 17 2013
a(n) = 6 * A002324(n) if n>0. a(n) = A005928(3*n).
Euler transform of A192733. - Michael Somos, Mar 12 2012
a(n) = (-1)^n * A180318(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 14 2015
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = 2*Pi/sqrt(3) = 3.627598... (A186706). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 15 2022
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + 6*x + 6*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 12*x^7 + 6*x^9 + 6*x^12 + 12*x^13 + 6*x^16 + ...
Theta series of A_2 on the standard scale in which the minimal norm is 2:
1 + 6*q^2 + 6*q^6 + 6*q^8 + 12*q^14 + 6*q^18 + 6*q^24 + 12*q^26 + 6*q^32 + 12*q^38 + 12*q^42 + 6*q^50 + 6*q^54 + 12*q^56 + 12*q^62 + 6*q^72 + 12*q^74 + 12*q^78 + 12*q^86 + 6*q^96 + 18*q^98 + 12*q^104 + 12*q^114 + 12*q^122 + 12*q^126 + 6*q^128 + 12*q^134 + 12*q^146 + 6*q^150 + 12*q^152 + 12*q^158 + ...
MAPLE
A004016 := proc(n)
local a, j ;
a := A033716(n) ;
for j from 0 to n/3 do
a := a+A089800(n-1-3*j)*A089800(j) ;
end do:
a;
end proc:
seq(A004016(n), n=0..49) ; # R. J. Mathar, Feb 22 2021
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[ n == 0 ], 6 DivisorSum[ n, KroneckerSymbol[ #, 3] &]]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 08 2011 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPochhammer[ q]^3 + 9 q QPochhammer[ q^9]^3) / QPochhammer[ q^3], {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 13 2014 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q] EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q^3] + EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q] EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q^3], {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 13 2014 *)
a[ n_] := Length @ FindInstance[ x^2 + x y + y^2 == n, {x, y}, Integers, 10^9]; (* Michael Somos, Sep 14 2015 *)
terms = 81; f[q_] = LatticeData["A2", "ThetaSeriesFunction"][-I Log[q]/Pi]; s = Series[f[q], {q, 0, 2 terms}]; CoefficientList[s, q^2][[1 ;; terms]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 04 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e); if( n<1, n==0, A = factor(n); 6 * prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p==3, 1, p%3==1, e+1, 1-e%2)))}; /* Michael Somos, May 20 2005 */ /* Editor's note: this is the most efficient program */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, polcoeff( 1 + 6 * sum( k=1, n, x^k / (1 + x^k + x^(2*k)), x * O(x^n)), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 06 2003 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 6 * sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( d, 3)))}; /* Michael Somos, Mar 16 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 6 * sumdiv( n, d, (d%3==1) - (d%3==2)))}; /* Michael Somos, May 20 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, n*=3; A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( (eta(x + A)^3 + 3 * x * eta(x^9 + A)^3) / eta(x^3 + A), n))}; /* Michael Somos, May 20 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, qfrep([ 2, 1; 1, 2], n, 1)[n] * 2)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 16 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, polcoeff( 1 + 6 * sum( k=1, n, x^(3*k - 2) / (1 - x^(3*k - 2)) - x^(3*k - 1) / (1 - x^(3*k - 1)), x * O(x^n)), n))} /* Paul D. Hanna, Jul 03 2011 */
(Sage) ModularForms( Gamma1(3), 1, prec=81).0 ; # Michael Somos, Jun 04 2013
(Magma) Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(3), 1), 81) [1]; /* Michael Somos, May 27 2014 */
(Magma) L := Lattice("A", 2); A<q> := ThetaSeries(L, 161); A; /* Michael Somos, Nov 13 2014 */
(Python)
from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A004016(n): return 6*prod(e+1 if p%3==1 else int(not e&1) for p, e in factorint(n).items() if p != 3) if n else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 17 2022
CROSSREFS
Cf. A002324, A003051, A003215, A005881, A005882, A005928, A008458, A033685, A033687, A038587-A038591, etc.
See also A035019.
Cf. A000007, A000122, A004015, A008444, A008445, A008446, A008447, A008448, A008449 (Theta series of lattices A_0, A_1, A_3, A_4, ...), A186706.
KEYWORD
nonn,nice,easy
AUTHOR
N. J. A. Sloane
STATUS
approved
A005928
G.f.: s(1)^3/s(3), where s(k) = eta(q^k) and eta(q) is Dedekind's function, cf. A010815.
(Formerly M2202)
+10
215
1, -3, 0, 6, -3, 0, 0, -6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 6, -6, 0, 0, -3, 0, 0, -6, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0, 6, -6, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, -6, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, -9, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, -6, 0, 12, -3, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -6, 0, 6, -6, 0, 0, -6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -12, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Unsigned sequence is expansion of theta series of hexagonal net with respect to a node.
Cubic AGM theta functions: a(q) (see A004016), b(q) (this: A005928), c(q) (A005882).
Denoted by a_3(n) in Kassel and Reutenauer 2015. - Michael Somos, Jun 04 2015
REFERENCES
N. J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 79, Eq. (32.34).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (terms 0..1000 from T. D. Noe)
J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, A cubic counterpart of Jacobi's identity and the AGM, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 323 (1991), no. 2, 691-701. MR1010408 (91e:33012) see page 695.
J. M. Borwein, P. B. Borwein and F. Garvan, Some Cubic Modular Identities of Ramanujan, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 343 (1994), 35-47.
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, The zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1505.07229v3 [math.AG], 2015. [A later version of this paper has a different title and different contents, and the number-theoretical part of the paper was moved to the publication below.]
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Complete determination of the zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1610.07793 [math.NT], 2016.
N. J. A. Sloane, Theta series and magic numbers for diamond and certain ionic crystal structures, J. Math. Phys. 28 (1987), 1653-1657.
FORMULA
a(n) is the coefficient of q^n in b(q)=eta(q)^3/eta(q^3) = (3/2)*a(q^3)-a(q)/2 where a(q)=theta(Hexagonal). - Kok Seng Chua (chuaks(AT)ihpc.nus.edu.sg), May 07 2002
From Michael Somos, May 20 2005: (Start)
Euler transform of period 3 sequence [ -3, -3, -2, ...].
a(n) = -3 * b(n) except for a(0) = 1, where b()=A123477() is multiplicative with b(p^e) = -2 if p = 3 and e>0, b(p^e) = e+1 if p == 1 (mod 6), b(p^e) = (1 + (-1)^e)/2 if p == 2, 5 (mod 6).
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = v^3 - 2*u*w^2 + u^2*w.
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = u1^2*u6 - 2*u1*u2*u6 + 4*u2^2*u6 - 3*u2*u3^2.
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = u1*u2*u3 + u1^2*u3 - 3*u1*u6^2 + u2^2*u3. (End)
a(3*n + 2) = 0. a(3*n + 1) = -A005882(n), a(3*n) = A004016(n). - Michael Somos, Jul 15 2005
a(n) = -3 * A123477(n) unless n=0. |a(n)| = A113062(n).
Moebius transform is period 9 sequence [-3, 3, 9, -3, 3, -9, -3, 3, 0, ...]. - Michael Somos, Dec 25 2007
Expansion of b(q) = a(q^3) - c(q^3) in powers of q where a(), b(), c() are cubic AGM theta functions. - Michael Somos, Dec 25 2007
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (3 t)) = 3^(3/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is the g.f. for A033687.
G.f.: exp( sum(n>=1, (sigma(n)-sigma(3*n))*x^n/n ) ). - Joerg Arndt, Jul 30 2011
a(n) = (-1)^(mod(n, 3) = 1) * A113062(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 05 2014
a(2*n + 1) = -3 * A123530(n). a(4*n) = a(n). a(4*n + 1) = -3 * A253243(n). a(4*n + 2) = 0. a(4*n + 3) = 6 * A246838(n). a(6*n + 1) = -3 * A097195(n). a(6*n + 3) = 6 * A033762(n). - Michael Somos, Jun 04 2015
G.f.: 1 + Sum_{k>0} -3 * x^k / (1 + x^k + x^(2*k)) + 9 * x^(3*k) / (1 + x^(3*k) + x^(6*k)). - Michael Somos, Jun 04 2015
a(0) = 1, a(n) = -(3/n)*Sum_{k=1..n} A078708(k)*a(n-k) for n > 0. - Seiichi Manyama, Apr 29 2017
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 - 3*q + 6*q^3 - 3*q^4 - 6*q^7 + 6*q^9 + 6*q^12 - 6*q^13 - 3*q^16 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ QPochhammer[ q]^3 / QPochhammer[ q^3], {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, May 24 2013 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[ n==0], -3 Sum[{1, -1, -3, 1, -1, 3, 1, -1, 0}[[ Mod[ d, 9, 1]]], {d, Divisors @ n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Sep 23 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e); if( n<1, n==0, A = factor(n); -3 * prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p==3, -2, if( p%6==1, e+1, !(e%2)))))}; \\ Michael Somos, May 20 2005
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A = x * O(x^n)); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^3 / eta(x^3 + A), n)}; \\ Michael Somos, May 20 2005
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, sumdiv(n, d, [0, -3, 3, 9, -3, 3, -9, -3, 3] [d%9 + 1]))}; \\ Michael Somos, Dec 25 2007
(PARI) N=66; x='x+O('x^N); gf=exp(sum(n=1, N, (sigma(n)-sigma(3*n))*x^n/n));
Vec(gf) \\ Joerg Arndt, Jul 30 2011
(PARI) lista(nn) = {q='q+O('q^nn); Vec(eta(q)^3/eta(q^3))} \\ Altug Alkan, Mar 20 2018
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(9), 1), 100); A[1] - 3*A[2] + 6*A[4]; \\ Michael Somos, Jan 31 2015
CROSSREFS
Cf. A005882, A033762, A097195, A113062, A123477, A123530, A246838, A253243.
KEYWORD
sign
AUTHOR
N. J. A. Sloane
EXTENSIONS
Edited by M. F. Hasler, May 07 2018
STATUS
approved
A112604
Number of representations of n as a sum of three times a square and two times a triangular number.
+10
27
1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,4
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) := Prod_{k>=1} (1-(-q)^k) (see A121373), phi(q) := theta_3(q) := Sum_{k=-oo..oo} q^(k^2) (A000122), psi(q) := Sum_{k=0..oo} q^(k*(k+1)/2) (A010054), chi(q) := Prod_{k>=0} (1+q^(2k+1)) (A000700).
Number of representations of 2n as a sum of three times a triangular number and a triangular number.
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
M. D. Hirschhorn, The number of representations of a number by various forms, Discrete Mathematics 298 (2005), 205-211.
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions
FORMULA
a(n) = A002324(4n+1) = A033762(2n) = d_{1, 3}(4n+1) - d_{2, 3}(4n+1) where d_{a, m}(n) equals the number of divisors of n which are congruent to a mod m.
From Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006: (Start)
Expansion of (psi(q)psi(q^3) + psi(-q)psi(-q^3))/2 in powers of q^2 where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
G.f.: (Sum_{k} x^k^2)^3*(Sum_{k>0} x^((k^2-k)/2))^2 = Product_{k>0} (1-x^(4k))(1-x^(6k))(1+x^(2k))(1+x^(3k))^2/(1+x^(6k))^2.
Euler transform of period 12 sequence [0, 1, 2, -1, 0, -2, 0, -1, 2, 1, 0, -2, ...]. (End)
From Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009: (Start)
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (48 t)) = 3^(1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is g.f. for A164272.
a(3*n + 1) = 0. (End)
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/(2*sqrt(3)) = 0.906899... (A093766). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 24 2023
EXAMPLE
a(12) = 3 since we can write 12 = 3(2)^2 + 0 = 3(-2)^2 + 0 = 0 + 2*6.
2*12 = 24 = 3*1+21 = 3*3+15 = 3*6+6 so a(12) = 3.
G.f. = 1 + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 2*x^5 + x^6 + 2*x^9 + 3*x^12 + 2*x^14 + 2*x^15 + ... - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
G.f. = q + q^9 + 2*q^13 + 2*q^21 + q^25 + 2*q^37 + 3*q^49 + 2*q^57 + 2*q^61 + ... - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := DivisorSum[4n+1, Switch[Mod[#, 3], 1, 1, 2, -1, 0, 0]&]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 104}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 04 2015, adapted from PARI *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if(n<0, 0, n=4*n+1; sumdiv(n, d, (d%3==1) - (d%3==2)))};
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if(n<0, 0, A=x*O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x^6+A)^5 / eta(x^2+A)*(eta(x^4+A) / eta(x^3+A) / eta(x^12+A))^2, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006 */
CROSSREFS
A112606(n) = a(2*n). 2 * A112607(n) = a(2*n + 1). A123884(n) = a(3*n). A112605(n) = a(3*n + 2). A131961(n) = a(6*n). A112608(n) =a(6*n + 2). 2 * A131963(n) = a(6*n + 3). 2 * A112609(n) = a(6*n + 5). - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
Cf. A002324, A033762, A093766, A164272.
Cf. A000700, A000122, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
James A. Sellers, Dec 21 2005
STATUS
approved
A093829
Expansion of q * psi(q^3)^3 / psi(q) in powers of q where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
+10
18
1, -1, 1, 1, 0, -1, 2, -1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, -2, 0, 1, 0, -1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, -1, 1, -2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, -2, 2, 0, 0, -2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, -1, 0, 2, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, -2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -2, 1, 2, 0, -2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, -1, 2, -3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, -2, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
1,7
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
Cubic AGM theta functions: a(q) (see A004016), b(q) (A005928), c(q) (A005882).
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Expansion of (a(q) - a(q^2)) / 6 = c(q^2)^2 / (3 * c(q)) in powers of q where a(), c() are cubic AGM functions. - Michael Somos, Sep 06 2007
Expansion of (eta(q) * eta(q^6)^6) / (eta(q^2)^2 * eta(q^3)^3) in powers of q.
Euler transform of period 6 sequence [ -1, 1, 2, 1, -1, -2, ...].
Moebius transform is period 6 sequence [ 1, -2, 0, 2, -1, 0, ...] = A112300. - Michael Somos, Jul 16 2006
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = (-1)^e if p=2; a(p^e) = 1 if p=3; a(p^e) = 1+e if p == 1 (mod 6); a(p^e) = (1 + (-1)^e) / 2 if p == 5 (mod 6).
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (6 t)) = 12^(-1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is g.f. for A122859.
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = w * (u + v)^2 - v * (v + w) * (v + 4*w).
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = u2 * (u2 - u3 - 4*u6) - (u3 + u6) * (u1 - 3*u3 - 3*u6).
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} (x^k - 2 * x^(2*k) + 2 * x^(4*k) - x^(5*k)) / (1 - x^(6*k)) = x * Product_{k>0} ((1 - x^k) * (1 - x^(6*k))^6) / ((1 - x^(2*k))^2 * (1 - x^(3*k))^3).
a(n) = -(-1)^n * A113447(n). - Michael Somos, Jan 31 2015
a(2*n) = -a(n). a(3*n) = a(n). a(6*n + 5) = 0.
A035178(n) = |a(n)|. A033762(n) = a(2*n + 1). A033687(n) = a(3*n + 1).
a(4*n + 1) = A112604(n). a(4*n + 3) = A112605(n). a(6*n + 1) = A097195(n). a(8*n + 1) = A112606(n). a(8*n + 3) = A112608(n). a(8*n + 5) = 2 * A112607(n).
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/(6*sqrt(3)) = 0.302299894039... . - Amiram Eldar, Nov 21 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = q - q^2 + q^3 + q^4 - q^6 + 2*q^7 - q^8 + q^9 + q^12 + 2*q^13 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, DivisorSum[ n, {1, -2, 0, 2, -1, 0} [[ Mod[#, 6, 1]]] &]];
QP = QPochhammer; s = (QP[q]*QP[q^6]^6)/(QP[q^2]^2*QP[q^3]^3) + O[q]^105; CoefficientList[s, q] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 30 2015, adapted from PARI *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, polcoeff( sum( k=0, n, x^k * (1 - x^k)^2 / (1 + x^(2*k) + x^(4*k)), x * O(x^n)), n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<1, 0, n--; A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A) * eta(x^6 + A)^6 / (eta(x^2 + A)^2 * eta(x^3 + A)^3), n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( -12, d) - if( d%2==0, 2 * kronecker( -3, d/2) ) ))}; /* Michael Somos, May 29 2005 */
(Sage) ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1, prec=90).1; # Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
(Magma) Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1), 90) [2]; /* Michael Somos, Jul 02 2014 */
CROSSREFS
Cf. A033687, A033762, A035178, A112300, A113447, A122859.
Cf. A097195, A112604, A112605, A112606, A112607, A112608. - Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
Cf. A000700, A000122, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
sign,mult,easy
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, Apr 17 2004
STATUS
approved
A112609
Number of representations of n as a sum of three times a triangular number and four times a triangular number.
+10
14
1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,31
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) := Prod_{k>=1} (1-(-q)^k) (see A121373), phi(q) := theta_3(q) := Sum_{k=-oo..oo} q^(k^2) (A000122), psi(q) := Sum_{k=0..oo} q^(k*(k+1)/2) (A010054), chi(q) := Prod_{k>=0} (1+q^(2k+1)) (A000700).
REFERENCES
M. D. Hirschhorn, The number of representations of a number by various forms, Discrete Mathematics 298 (2005), 205-211.
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions
FORMULA
a(n) = 1/2*( d_{1, 3}(8n+7) - d_{2, 3}(8n+7) ) where d_{a, m}(n) equals the number of divisors of n which are congruent to a mod m.
Expansion of phi(q^3) * psi(q^4) in powers of q where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function. - Michael Somos, Mar 10 2008
Expansion of q^(-7/8) * (eta(q^6) * eta(q^8))^2 / (eta(q^3) * eta(q^4)) in powers of q. - Michael Somos, Mar 10 2008
Euler transform of period 24 sequence [ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, -2, ...]. - Michael Somos, Mar 10 2008
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (24 t)) = 3^(1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is g.f. for A138270.
a(3*n+2) = 0.
EXAMPLE
a(30) = 2 since we can write 30 = 3*10 + 4*0 = 3*6 + 4*3
q^7 + q^31 + q^39 + q^63 + q^79 + q^103 + q^111 + q^127 + q^151 + ...
MATHEMATICA
A112609[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[(QPochhammer[q^6]*QPochhammer[q^8])^2/
(QPochhammer[q^3]*QPochhammer[q^4]), {q, 0, n}]; Table[A112609[n], {n, 0, 50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Sep 25 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, n=8*n+7; sumdiv(n, d, kronecker(-3, d))/2)} /* Michael Somos, Mar 10 2008 */
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( (eta(x^6 + A) * eta(x^8 + A))^2 / (eta(x^3 + A) * eta(x^4 + A)), n))} /* Michael Somos, Mar 10 2008 */
CROSSREFS
A131962(n) = a(3*n). A112607(n) = a(3*n+1). A128617(n) = a(4*n+3).
A112605(2*n+1) = 2 * a(n). A112607(3*n+1) = a(n). A033762(4*n+3) = 2 * a(n). A112604(6*n+5) = 2 * a(n). A002324(8*n+7) = a(n). A123484(24*n+21) = 2 * a(n).
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
James A. Sellers, Dec 21 2005
STATUS
approved
A035178
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} Kronecker(-12, d) (= A134667(d)).
+10
10
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
1,7
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
REFERENCES
J. V. Uspensky and M. A. Heaslet, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1939, p. 346.
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Moebius transform is period 6 sequence [ 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, ...]. - Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = (u1 - u2) * (u1 - u2 - u3 + u6) - (u2 -u6) * (1 + 3*u6). - Michael Somos, May 29 2005
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s) * L(chi,s) where chi(n) = Kronecker( -12, n). Sum_{n>0} a(n) / n^s = Product_{p prime} 1 / ((1 - p^-s) * (1 - Kronecker( -12, p) * p^-s)). - Michael Somos, Jun 24 2011
a(n) is multiplicative with a(p^e) = 1 if p=2 or p=3, a(p^e) = 1+e if p == 1 (mod 6), a(p^e) = (1 + (-1)^e)/2 if p == 5 (mod 6).
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} (x^k + x^(3*k)) / (1 + x^(2*k) + x^(4*k)) = Sum_{k>=0} x^(6*k + 1) / (1 - x^(6*k + 1)) - x^(6*k + 5) / (1 - x^(6*k + 5)). - Michael Somos, Feb 14 2006
a(n) = |A093829(n)| = -(-1)^n * A137608(n) = a(2*n) = a(3*n). a(6*n + 1) = A097195(n). a(6*n + 5) = 0.
From Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009: (Start)
3 * a(n) = A107760(n) unless n=0. a(2*n + 1) = A033762(n). a(3*n + 1) = A033687(n). a(4*n + 1) = A112604(n). a(4*n + 3) = A112605(n).
a(8*n + 1) = A112606(n). a(8*n + 3) = A112608(n). a(8*n + 5) = 2 * A112607(n). a(8*n + 7) = 2 * A112608(n). a(12*n + 1) A123884(n). a(12*n + 7) = 2 * A121361(n).
a(24*n + 1) = A131961(n). a(24*n + 7) = 2 * A131962(n). a(24*n + 13) = 2 * A131963(n). a(24*n + 19) = 2 * A131964(n). (End)
Expansion of (psi(q)^3 / psi(q^3) - 1) / 3 in powers of q where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function. - Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/(2*sqrt(3)) = 0.906899... (A093766). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 16 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = q + q^2 + q^3 + q^4 + q^6 + 2*q^7 + q^8 + q^9 + q^12 + 2*q^13 + 2*q^14 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, Sum[ KroneckerSymbol[ -12, d], { d, Divisors[ n]}]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 24 2011 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, Times @@ (Which[ # < 5, 1, Mod[#, 6] == 5, 1 - Mod[#2, 2], True, #2 + 1 ] & @@@ FactorInteger@n)]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q^(1/2)]^3 / EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q^(3/2)] - 4) / 12, {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 *)
a[n_] := DivisorSum[n, KroneckerSymbol[-12, #]&]; Array[a, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 01 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( -12, d)))}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 18 2004 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 / ((1 - X) * (1 - kronecker( -12, p) * X))) [n])}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 24 2011 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( (eta(x^3 + A) * eta(x^2 + A)^6 / (eta(x^6 + A)^2 * eta(x + A)^3) - 1) / 3, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A, p, e); if( n<1, 0, A = factor(n); prod(k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p<5, 1, p%6==5, 1-e%2, 1+e)))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 */
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1), 88); B<q> := (A[1] - 1) / 3 + A[2]; B; /* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 */
CROSSREFS
Cf. A033687, A033762, A093829, A093766, A097197, A107760, A112604, A112605.
Cf. A112606, A112607, A112608, A121361, A123884, A131961, A131962.
Cf. A131963, A131964, A137608.
Cf. A000122, A000700, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,mult
AUTHOR
N. J. A. Sloane
EXTENSIONS
Definition edited by Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
STATUS
approved
A123484
Expansion of eta(q)^2 * eta(q^6)^4 * eta(q^8) * eta(q^24) / (eta(q^2) * eta(q^3) * eta(q^12))^2 in powers of q.
+10
10
1, -2, 1, 0, 0, -2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, -4, 0, 0, 0, -2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, -4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, -4, 2, 0, 0, -4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, -2, 0, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, -4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, -4, 1, 0, 0, -4, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, -6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
Expansion of (a(q) - 2 * a(q^2) - a(q^4) + 2*a(q^8)) / 6 in powers of q where a() is a cubic AGM function.
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
FORMULA
Euler transform of period 24 sequence [ -2, 0, 0, 0, -2, -2, -2, -1, 0, 0, -2, 0, -2, 0, 0, -1, -2, -2, -2, 0, 0, 0, -2, -2, ...].
Moebius transform is period 24 sequence [ 1, -3, 0, 2, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, -1, 0, 1, -3, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, -2, 0, 3, -1, 0, ...].
a(n) is multiplicative with a(2) = -2, a(2^e) = 0 if e>1, a(3^e) = 1, a(p^e) = e+1 if p == 1 (mod 6), a(p^e) = (1+(-1)^e)/2 if p == 5 (mod 6).
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (24 t)) = 12^(1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is g.f. for A136748.
G.f.: x * Product_{k>0} (1 -x^(6*k)) * (1 - x^k + x^(2*k))^2 * (1 - x^(8*k)) * (1 + x^(12*k)) / (1 + x^(6*k)).
a(4*n) = a(6*n + 4) = a(6*n + 5) = 0. a(3*n) = a(n).
Sum_{k=1..n} abs(a(k)) ~ c * n, where c = Pi/(2*sqrt(3)) = 0.906899... (A093766). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 22 2024
EXAMPLE
q - 2*q^2 + q^3 - 2*q^6 + 2*q^7 + q^9 + 2*q^13 - 4*q^14 - 2*q^18 + ...
MATHEMATICA
QP = QPochhammer; s = QP[x]^2*QP[x^6]^4*QP[x^8]*(QP[x^24]/(QP[x^2]*QP[x^3]* QP[x^12])^2) + O[x]^105; CoefficientList[s, x] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 06 2015, adapted from PARI, updated Dec 06 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n)=if(n<1, 0, sumdiv(n, d, if(d%2, 1, d/2%2*-2)*kronecker(-12, n/d)))}
(PARI) {a(n)=local(A, p, e); if(n<1, 0, A=factor(n); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], if(p=A[k, 1], e=A[k, 2]; if(p==2, -2*(e<2), if(p==3, 1, if(p%6==1, e+1, !(e%2)))))))}
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<1, 0, n--; A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^2 * eta(x^6 + A)^4 * eta(x^8 + A) * eta(x^24 + A) / (eta(x^2 + A) * eta(x^3 + A) * eta(x^12 + A))^2, n))}
CROSSREFS
A033762(n) = a(2*n+1). A112604(n) = a(4*n+1). -2 * A033762(n) = a(4*n+2). A112605(n) = a(4*n+3). A097195(n) = a(6*n+1). A112606(n) = a(8*n+1). -2 * A112604(n) = a(8*n+2). A112608(n) = a(8*n+3). 2 * A112607(n) = a(8*n+5). -2 * A112605(n) = a(8*n+6). 2 * A112609(n) = a(8*n+7).
A123884(n) = a(12*n+1). 2 * A121361(n) = a(12*n+7). A131961(n) = a(24*n+1). 2 * A131962(n) = a(24*n+7). A112608(n) = a(24*n+9). 2 * A131963(n) = a(24*n+13). 2 * A131964(n) = a(24*n+19).
Cf. A093766, A136748.
KEYWORD
sign,mult
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, Sep 28 2006, Apr 04 2008
STATUS
approved
A107760
Expansion of eta(q^3) * eta(q^2)^6 / (eta(q)^3 * eta(q^6)^2) in powers of q.
+10
8
1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 6, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 6, 6, 0, 3, 0, 3, 6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 3, 3, 6, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 9, 3, 0, 6, 0, 3, 0, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 6, 6, 6, 3, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 6, 6, 3, 6, 0, 6, 6, 0, 3, 0, 0, 6, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 6, 0, 0, 3, 6, 9, 0, 3, 0, 0, 6, 6
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
Cubic AGM theta functions: a(q) (see A004016), b(q) (A005928), c(q) (A005882).
REFERENCES
Nathan J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 80, Eq. (32.42).
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = v^3 + u^2*w + 4 * v*w^2 - 4 * v^2*w - 2 * u*v*w.
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = (u1 - u2) * (u1 - u2 - u3 + u6) - 3 * u6 * (u2 - u6).
Expansion of psi(q)^3 / psi(q^3) in powers of q where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
Expansion of (a(q) + a(q^2)) / 2 = b(q^2)^2 / b(q) in powers of q where a(), b() are cubic AGM theta functions. - Michael Somos, Aug 30 2008
Euler transform of period 6 sequence [ 3, -3, 2, -3, 3, -2, ...].
Moebius transform is period 6 sequence [ 3, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0, ...]. - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
a(n) = 3 * b(n) unless n=0 and b() is multiplicative with b(p^e) = 1 if p=2 or p=3; b(p^e) = 1+e if p == 1 (mod 6); b(p^e) = (1 + (-1)^e) / 2 if p == 5 (mod 6). - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (6 t)) = (27/4)^(1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g() is the g.f. for A123330. - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
G.f.: (Product_{k>0} (1 - x^(2*k)) / (1 - x^(2*k - 1)))^3 / (Product_{k>0} (1 - x^(6*k)) / (1 - x^(6*k - 3))). - Michael Somos, Aug 11 2009
a(n) = 3 * A035178(n) unless n=0. a(n) = (-1)^n * A132973. a(2*n) = a(3*n) = a(n). a(6*n + 5) = 0. a(2*n + 1) = 3 * A033762. a(3*n + 1) = 3 * A033687(n). a(4*n + 1) = 3 * A112604(n). a(4*n + 3) = 3 * A112605(n). a(6*n + 1) = 3 * A097195(n). Convolution inverse of A132979.
a(8*n + 1) = 3 * A112606(n). a(8*n + 3) = 3* A112608(n). a(8*n + 5) = 6 * A112607(n-1). a(8*n + 7) = 6 * A112609(n).
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi*sqrt(3)/2 = 2.720699... . - Amiram Eldar, Dec 28 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + 3*q + 3*q^2 + 3*q^3 + 3*q^4 + 3*q^6 + 6*q^7 + 3*q^8 + 3*q^9 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[n == 0], 3 Times @@ (Which[ # < 5, 1, Mod[#, 6] == 5, 1 - Mod[#2, 2], True, #2 + 1 ] & @@@ FactorInteger@n)]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q^(1/2)]^3 / (4 EllipticTheta[ 2, 0, q^(3/2)]), {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 *)
QP = QPochhammer; s = QP[q^3]*(QP[q^2]^6/(QP[q]^3*QP[q^6]^2)) + O[q]^105; CoefficientList[s, q] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 24 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, 3 * direuler( p=2, n, 1 / ((1 - X) * (1 - kronecker( -12, p) * X)))[n])};
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x^3 + A) * eta(x^2 + A)^6 / (eta(x^6 + A)^2 * eta(x + A)^3), n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if ( n<1, n==0, 3 * sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( -12, d)))};
(Sage) A = ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1, prec=90).basis(); A[0] + 3*A[1] # Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1), 88); A[1] + 3*A[2]; /* Michael Somos, Aug 04 2015 */
CROSSREFS
Cf. A033687, A033762, A035178, A097195, A112604, A112605, A123330, A132973, A132979.
Cf. A112606, A112607, A112608, A112609. - Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
Cf. A000122, A000700, A004016, A005882, A005928, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, May 24 2005
STATUS
approved
A122859
Expansion of phi(-q)^3 / phi(-q^3) in powers of q where phi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
+10
8
1, -6, 12, -6, -6, 0, 12, -12, 12, -6, 0, 0, -6, -12, 24, 0, -6, 0, 12, -12, 0, -12, 0, 0, 12, -6, 24, -6, -12, 0, 0, -12, 12, 0, 0, 0, -6, -12, 24, -12, 0, 0, 24, -12, 0, 0, 0, 0, -6, -18, 12, 0, -12, 0, 12, 0, 24, -12, 0, 0, 0, -12, 24, -12, -6, 0, 0, -12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, -12, 24, -6, -12, 0, 24, -12, 0, -6, 0, 0, -12, 0, 24
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
REFERENCES
Nathan J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 84, Eq. (32.64).
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Expansion of 2*a(q^2) - a(q) = b(q)^2 / b(q^2) in powers of q where a(), b() are cubic AGM theta functions.
Expansion of eta(q)^6 * eta(q^6) / (eta(q^2)^3 * eta(q^3)^2) in powers of q.
Euler transform of period 6 sequence [ -6, -3, -4, -3, -6, -2, ...].
Moebius transform is period 6 sequence [ -6, 18, 0, -18, 6, 0, ...].
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = v*(u+v)^2 - 2*u*w*(v+w).
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = (u1-u2-u3+u6) * (u1+2*u2+u3) - (2*u1+u2-2*u3-u6) * (u1+2*u2-u3).
G.f.: Product_{k>0} (1 + x^(3*k)) / (1 + x^k)^3 * (1 - x^k)^3 / (1 - x^(3k)) = 1 + 6 * Sum_{k>0} (-1)^k * x^k / (1 + x^k + x^(2*k)).
G.f.: 1 - 6 * (Sum_{k>0} x^(3*k - 2) / (1 + x^(3*k - 2)) - x(3*k - 1)
/ (1 + x^(3*k - 1))).
a(3*n) = a(4*n) = a(n). a(6*n + 5) = 0.
(-1)^n * a(n) = A113660(n). -6 * a(n) = A122860(n) if n>0.
a(2*n) = A227354(n). a(2*n + 1) = -6 * A033762(n). a(3*n + 1) = -6 * A033687(n). a(4*n + 1) = -6 * A112604(n). a(4*n + 3) = -6 * A112605(n). a(6*n + 1) = -6 * A097195(n). a(8*n + 1) = -6 * A112606(n). a(8*n + 3) = -6 * A112608(n). a(8*n + 5) = -12 * A112607(n-1). a(8*n + 7) = -12 * A112609(n). a(12*n + 1) = -6 * A123884(n). a(12*n + 7) = -12 * A121361(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = 0. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 23 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 - 6*q + 12*q^2 - 6*q^3 - 6*q^4 + 12*q^6 - 12*q^7 + 12*q^8 - 6*q^9 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ EllipticTheta[ 4, 0, q]^3 / EllipticTheta[ 4, 0, q^3], {q, 0, n}] (* Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n)= if( n<1, n==0, 6 * sumdiv(n, d, (-1)^(n/d) * kronecker( -3, d)))}
(PARI) {a(n)= if( n<1, n==0, -6 * sumdiv(n, d, (2 + (-1)^d) * kronecker( -3, d)))}
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x + A)^6 * eta(x^6 + A) / (eta(x^2 + A)^3 * eta(x^3 + A)^2), n))}
(Sage) A = ModularForms( Gamma1(6), 1, prec=90).basis(); A[0] - 6 *A[1] # Michael Somos, Sep 27 2013
CROSSREFS
Cf. A033687, A033762, A097195, A112604, A112605, A112606, A112607, A112608, A112609, A113660, A121361, A122860, A123884, A227354.
Cf. A000122, A000700, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
sign
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, Sep 15 2006
STATUS
approved
A113447
Expansion of i * theta_2(i * q^3)^3 / (4 * theta_2(i * q)) in powers of q^2.
+10
7
1, 1, 1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, 2, 0, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, -2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 3, 1, 0, -2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, -1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, -2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, -2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, -1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0
(list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
1,7
COMMENTS
Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).
Cubic AGM theta functions: a(q) (see A004016), b(q) (A005928), c(q) (A005882).
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Li-Chien Shen, On the Modular Equations of Degree 3, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 122 (1994), no. 4, 1101-1114. See p. 1105, equation (3.8).
Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions, 2019.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions.
FORMULA
Expansion of (eta(q^2) * eta(q^3)^3 * eta(q^12)^3) / (eta(q) * eta(q^4) * eta(q^6)^3) in powers of q.
Euler transform of period 12 sequence [1, 0, -2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, -2, 0, 1, -2, ...].
Moebius transform is period 12 sequence [1, 0, 0, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, -1, 0, ...].
a(n) is multiplicative and a(2^e) = -(-1)^e if e>0, a(3^e) = 1, a(p^e) = e+1 if p == 1 (mod 6), a(p^e) = (1+(-1)^e)/2 if p == 5 (mod 6).
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^(6*k - 5) / (1 - x^(6*k - 5)) - x^(6*k - 1) / (1 - x^(6*k - 1)) - 2 * x^(12*k - 8) / (1 - x^(12*k - 8)) + 2 * x^(12*k - 4) / (1 - x^(12*k-4)).
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^k * (1 - x^(3*k))^2 / (1 + x^(4*k) + x^(8*k)).
G.f.: x * Product_{k>0} (1 - x^k) / (1 - x^(4*k - 2)) * ((1 - x^(12*k - 6)) / (1 - x^(3*k)))^3.
Expansion of theta_2(i * q^3)^3 / (4 * theta_2(i * q)) in powers of q^2.
Expansion of q * psi(-q^3)^3 / psi(-q) in powers of q where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function.
Expansion of (c(q) * c(q^4)) / (3 * c(q^2)) in powers of q where c() is a cubic AGM theta function.
G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (12 t)) = (4/3)^(1/2) (t/i) g(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and g(t) is the g.f. for A132973.
a(n) = -(-1)^n * A093829(n). - Michael Somos, Jan 31 2015
Convolution inverse of A133637.
a(3*n) = a(n). a(6*n + 5) = a(12*n + 10) = 0. |a(n)| = A035178(n).
a(2*n) = A093829(n). a(2*n + 1) = A033762(n).
a(4*n + 1) = A112604(n). a(4*n + 3) = A112605(n).
a(6*n + 1) = A097195(n). a(6*n + 2) = A033687(n).
a(8*n + 1) = A112606(n). a(8*n + 3) = A112608(n). a(8*n + 5) = 2 * A112607(n). a(8*n + 6) = A112605(n). a(8*n + 7) = 2 * A112609(n).
a(12*n + 1) = A123884(n). a(12*n + 7) = 2 * A121361(n).
a(24*n + 1) = A131961(n). a(24*n + 7) = 2 * A131962(n). a(24*n + 13) = 2 * A121963(n). a(24*n + 19) = 2 * A131964(n).
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/(6*sqrt(3)) = 0.604599... (A073010). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 23 2023
EXAMPLE
G.f. = q + q^2 + q^3 - q^4 + q^6 + 2*q^7 + q^8 + q^9 - q^12 + 2*q^13 + ...
MATHEMATICA
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, DivisorSum[ n, {1, 0, 0, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, -1, 0}[[Mod[#, 12, 1]]] &]]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 31 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, -(-1)^max( 1, valuation( n, 2)) * sumdiv(n, d, kronecker( -12, d)))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, if( p==2, 1 + X / (1 + X), 1 / ((1 - X) * (1 - kronecker( -12, p) * X))))[n])};
(PARI) {a(n) = local(A); if( n<1, 0, n--; A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x^2 + A) * eta(x^3 + A)^3 * eta(x^12 + A)^3 / (eta(x + A) * eta(x^4 + A) * eta(x^6 + A)^3), n))};
(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv(n, d, [ 0, 1, 0, 0, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, -1][d%12 + 1]))}; /* Michael Somos, May 07 2015 */
(Magma) A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma1(24), 1), 106); A[2] + A[3] + A[4] - A[5] + A[7] + 2*A[8] + A[9] + A[10]; /* Michael Somos, May 07 2015 */
CROSSREFS
Cf. A033687, A033762, A035178, A073010, A093829, A097195, A112604, A112605, A112606, A112607, A112608, A112609, A121361, A123884, A131961, A131962, A131963, A131964. A133637.
Cf. A000122, A000700, A004016, A005882, A005928, A010054, A121373.
KEYWORD
sign,easy,mult
AUTHOR
Michael Somos, Nov 02 2005
STATUS
approved
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