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A010815
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From Euler's Pentagonal Theorem: coefficient of q^n in Product_{m>=1} (1 - q^m).
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1527
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1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
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OFFSET
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0,1
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COMMENTS
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When convolved with the partition numbers A000041 gives 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
Also, number of different partitions of n into parts of -1 different kinds (based upon formal analogy). - Michele Dondi (blazar(AT)lcm.mi.infn.it), Jun 29 2004
The comment that "when convolved with the partition numbers gives [1, 0, 0, 0, ...]" is equivalent to row sums of triangle A145975 = [1, 0, 0, 0, ...]; where A145975 is a partition number convolution triangle. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 25 2008
When convolved with n-th partial sums of A000041 = the binomial sequence starting (1, n, ...). Example: A010815 convolved with A014160 (partial sum operation applied thrice to the partition numbers) = (1, 3, 6, 10, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 11 2008
(A000012^(-n) * A000041) convolved with A010815 = n-th row of the inverse of Pascal's triangle, (as a vector, followed by zeros); where A000012^(-1) = the pairwise difference operator. Example: (A000012^(-4) * A000041) convolved with A010815 = (1, -4, 6, -4, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 11 2008
Also sum of [product of (1-2/(hook lengths)^2)] over all partitions of n. - Wouter Meeussen, Sep 16 2010
Cayley (1895) begins article 387 with "Write for shortness sqrt(2k'K / pi) / [1-q^{2m-1}]^2 = G, ..." which is a convoluted way of writing G = [1-q^{2m}] = (1-q^2)(1-q^4)... - Michael Somos, Aug 01 2011
This is an example of the quintuple product identity in the form f(a*b^4, a^2/b) - (a/b) * f(a^4*b, b^2/a) = f(-a*b, -a^2*b^2) * f(-a/b, -b^2) / f(a, b) where a = x^3, b = x. - Michael Somos, Jan 21 2012
Number 1 of the 14 primitive eta-products which are holomorphic modular forms of weight 1/2 listed by D. Zagier on page 30 of "The 1-2-3 of Modular Forms". - Michael Somos, May 04 2016
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REFERENCES
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M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 825.
B. C. Berndt, Ramanujan's theory of theta-functions, Theta functions: from the classical to the modern, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1993, pp. 1-63. MR 94m:11054. See page 3.
T. J. I'a. Bromwich, Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series, Macmillan, 2nd. ed. 1949, p. 116, Problem 18.
A. Cayley, An Elementary Treatise on Elliptic Functions, G. Bell and Sons, London, 1895, p. 295, Art. 387.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 104, [5g].
N. J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; p. 77, Eq. (32.12) and (32.13).
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, Theorem 353.
B. Schoeneberg, Elliptic Modular Functions, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1974, p. 70.
A. Weil, Number theory: an approach through history; from Hammurapi to Legendre, Birkhäuser, Boston, 1984; see p. 186.
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LINKS
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M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
A. A. Bennett, Problem 3553, Amer. Math. Monthly, 39 (1932), 300.
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FORMULA
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a(n) = (-1)^m if n is of the form m(3m+-1)/2; otherwise a(n)=0. The values of n such that |a(n)|=1 are the generalized pentagonal numbers, A001318. The values of n such that a(n)=0 is A090864.
Expansion of the Dedekind eta function without the q^(1/24) factor in powers of q.
Euler transform of period 1 sequence [ -1, -1, -1, ...].
G.f.: (q; q)_{infinity} = Product_{k >= 1} (1-q^k) = Sum_{n=-oo..oo} (-1)^n*q^(n*(3n+1)/2). The first notation is a q-Pochhammer symbol.
Expansion of f(-x) := f(-x, -x^2) in powers of x. A special case of Ramanujan's general theta function; see Berndt reference. - Michael Somos, Apr 08 2003
Expansion of f(x^5, x^7) - x * f(x, x^11) in powers of x where f(, ) is Ramanujan's general theta function. - Michael Somos, Jan 21 2012
G.f.: q^(-1/24) * eta(t), where q = exp(2 Pi i t) and eta is the Dedekind eta function.
G.f.: 1 - x - x^2(1-x) - x^3(1-x)(1-x^2) - ... - Jon Perry, Aug 07 2004
Given g.f. A(x), then B(q) = q * A(q^3)^8 satisfies 0 = f(B(q), B(q^2), B(q^4)) where f(u, v, w) = u^2*w - v^3 + 16*u*w^2. - Michael Somos, May 02 2005
Given g.f. A(x), then B(q) = q * A(q^24) satisfies 0 = f(B(q), B(x^q), B(q^3), B(q^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = u1^9*u3*u6^3 - u2^9*u3^4 + 9*u1^4*u2*u6^8. - Michael Somos, May 02 2005
a(n) = b(24*n + 1) where b() is multiplicative with b(p^2e) = (-1)^e if p == 5 or 7 (mod 12), b(p^2e) = +1 if p == 1 or 11 (mod 12) and b(p^(2e-1)) = b(2^e) = b(3^e) = 0 if e>0. - Michael Somos, May 08 2005
Given g.f. A(x), then B(q) = q * A(q^24) satisfies 0 = f(B(q), B(q^2), B(q^4)) where f(u, v, w) = u^16*w^8 - v^24 + 16*u^8*w^16. - Michael Somos, May 08 2005
G.f.: 1 + Sum_{k>0} (-1)^k * x^((k^2 + k) / 2) / ((1 - x) * (1 - x^2) * ... * (1 - x^k)). - Michael Somos, Aug 18 2006
G.f.: A(x) = 1 - x/G(0); G(k) = 1 + x - x^(k+1) - x*(1-x^(k+1))/G(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 25 2012
Expansion of f(-x^2) * chi(-x) = psi(-x) * chi(-x^2) = psi(x) * chi(-x)^2 = f(-x^2)^2 / psi(x) = phi(-x) / chi(-x) = phi(-x^2) / chi(x) in powers of x where phi(), psi(), chi(), f() are Ramanujan theta functions. - Michael Somos, Nov 16 2015
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 0} x^(n*(2*n-1))*(2*x^(2*n) - 1)/Product_{k = 1..2*n} 1 - x^k. - Peter Bala, Feb 02 2021
The g.f. A(x) satisfies A(x^2) = Sum_{n >= 0} x^(n*(n+1)/2) * Product_{k >= n+1} 1 - x^k = 1 - x^2 - x^4 + x^10 + x^14 - x^24 - x^30 + + - - .... - Peter Bala, Feb 12 2021
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 - x - x^2 + x^5 + x^7 - x^12 - x^15 + x^22 + x^26 - x^35 - x^40 + ...
G.f. = q - q^25 - q^49 + q^121 + q^169 - q^289 - q^361 + q^529 + q^625 + ...
G.f.
= 1 + (-x - 3*x^2/2 - 4*x^3/3 - 7*x^4/4 - 6*x^5/5 - ...)
+ 1/2 * (x^2 + 3*x^3 + 59*x^4/12 + 15*x^5/2 + ...)
+ 1/6 * (-x^3 - 9*x^4/2 - 43*x^5/4 - ...)
+ 1/24 * (x^4 + 6*x^5 + ...)
+ 1/120 * (-x^5 - ...)
+ ...
= 1 - x - x^2 + x^5 + .... (End)
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MAPLE
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product(1-x^m, m=1..n) ;
expand(%) ;
coeff(%, x, n) ;
A010815 := proc(n) 24*n + 1; if issqr(%) then sqrt(%);
(-1)^irem(iquo(% + irem(%, 6), 6), 2) else 0 fi end: # Peter Luschny, Oct 02 2022
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MATHEMATICA
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a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ Product[ 1 - x^k, {k, n}], {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 15 2011 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, SeriesCoefficient[ (Series[ EllipticTheta[ 3, Log[y] / (2 I), x^(3/2)], {x, 0, n + Floor@Sqrt[n]}] // Normal // TrigToExp) /. {y -> -x^(1/2)}, {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 15 2011 *)
CoefficientList[ Series[ Product[(1 - x^k), {k, 1, 70}], {x, 0, 70}], x]
(* hooklength[ ] cfr A047874 *) Table[ Tr[ ( Times@@(1-2/Flatten[hooklength[ # ]]^2) )&/@ Partitions[n] ], {n, 26}] (* Wouter Meeussen, Sep 16 2010 *)
a[ n_] := With[ {m = Sqrt[24 n + 1]}, If[ IntegerQ[m], KroneckerSymbol[ 12, m], 0]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 04 2015 *)
nmax = 100; poly = ConstantArray[0, nmax + 1]; poly[[1]] = 1; poly[[2]] = -1; Do[Do[poly[[j + 1]] -= poly[[j - k + 1]], {j, nmax, k, -1}]; , {k, 2, nmax}]; poly (* Vaclav Kotesovec, May 04 2018 *)
Table[m = (1 + Sqrt[1 + 24*k])/6; If[IntegerQ[m], (-1)^m, 0] + If[IntegerQ[m - 1/3], (-1)^(m - 1/3), 0], {k, 0, 100}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 09 2020 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, polcoeff( eta(x + x * O(x^n)), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 05 2002 */
(PARI) {a(n) = polcoeff( prod( k=1, n, 1 - x^k, 1 + x * O(x^n)), n)}; /* Michael Somos, Nov 19 2011 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( issquare( 24*n + 1, &n), kronecker( 12, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 26 2006 */
(PARI) {a(n) = if( issquare( 24*n + 1, &n), if( (n%2) && (n%3), (-1)^round( n/6 )))}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 26 2006 */
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = 1 + O(x^n); polcoeff( sum( k=1, (sqrtint( 8*n + 1)-1) \ 2, A *= x^k / (x^k - 1) + x * O(x^(n - (k^2-k)/2)), 1), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 18 2006 */
(PARI) lista(nn) = {q='q+O('q^nn); Vec(eta(q))} \\ Altug Alkan, Mar 21 2018
(Magma) Coefficients(&*[1-x^m:m in [1..100]])[1..100] where x is PolynomialRing(Integers()).1; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 15 2017
(Julia) # DedekindEta is defined in A000594.
A010815List(len) = DedekindEta(len, 1)
(Python)
from math import isqrt
m = isqrt(24*n+1)
return 0 if m**2 != 24*n+1 else ((-1)**((m-1)//6) if m % 6 == 1 else (-1)**((m+1)//6)) # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 08 2021
(Julia)
r = 24 * n + 1
m = isqrt(r)
m * m != r && return 0
iseven(div(m + m % 6, 6)) ? 1 : -1
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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sign,nice,easy
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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