Vasiliki Anevlavi
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Archaeological Institute, Graduate Student
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Islamic Archaeology, Hellenistic period, Call for Papers, and 33 moreMalta (Archaeology), Minoan Pottery (Ceramic Analysis), Minoan art and archaeology, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Pottery, Hellenistic Delos, Cycladic Archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, Obsidian Sourcing, τοπογραφία, Earth Sciences, Landscape Archaeology, Scientific Research, Geoarchaeology, Archaeology of Societal Collapse, Island archaeology, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Excavations, Ancient Topography, Mediterrranean Archaeology, Islands Archaeology, Port cities, Islands, Archaeological Surveys, Roman Harbours, Roman ports, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Ancient Roman Marbles, Thracian provinces of the Roman Empire, Archaeometry, Geology, and Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studiesedit
- I graduated (BA) from the Department of History, Archaeology and Cultural Resources Management (Archaeology domain). ... moreI graduated (BA) from the Department of History, Archaeology and Cultural Resources Management (Archaeology domain). Recently, I completed my MSc in Cultural Heritage Materials and Technologies, specialization on marble analysis. I am working at the University of Leoben, at the Department of Geosciences and Geophysics, in Austria, as a lab assistant. Our research is focused on marble provenance analysis, with the following techniques: isotope analysis, chemical analysis, fluid analysis and petrographic microscopy.edit
Authors: V. Anevlavi, W. Prochaska and S. Ladstätter This paper presents the results of the investigations carried out at the marble quarries Ab-u Hayat and Ahmet Beyli in the area of Ephesos. An extensive investigation on the marble... more
Authors: V. Anevlavi, W. Prochaska and S. Ladstätter
This paper presents the results of the investigations carried out at the marble quarries Ab-u Hayat and Ahmet Beyli in the area of Ephesos. An extensive investigation on the marble quarries in the area of Ephesos has been held the last years. Ahmet Beyli quarry is located c.20 km north of the ancient city of Ephesos. Ancient traces of tool marks as well as unfinished objects can be observed at the area of the quarry. It seems that this quarry was mainly used for the ancient city of Notion and the sanctuary of Κlaros but no scientific data on the marbles has so far been available. The Ab-u Hayat quarry is about 4 km east of the ancient city of Ephesos. The recent investigation of the quarry showed indications that it was mainly used as a small sarcophagus production centre. Throughout the quarry there are many tool marks on the solid rock and abandoned marble objects. The methods applied in our research were petrographic investigations, chemical and isotopic analysis, and extractable salts (crush-leach analyses). The analysis of the new quarries contributes to the identification of archaeological artefacts coming from the ancient city of Ephesos and its surrounding areas.
This paper presents the results of the investigations carried out at the marble quarries Ab-u Hayat and Ahmet Beyli in the area of Ephesos. An extensive investigation on the marble quarries in the area of Ephesos has been held the last years. Ahmet Beyli quarry is located c.20 km north of the ancient city of Ephesos. Ancient traces of tool marks as well as unfinished objects can be observed at the area of the quarry. It seems that this quarry was mainly used for the ancient city of Notion and the sanctuary of Κlaros but no scientific data on the marbles has so far been available. The Ab-u Hayat quarry is about 4 km east of the ancient city of Ephesos. The recent investigation of the quarry showed indications that it was mainly used as a small sarcophagus production centre. Throughout the quarry there are many tool marks on the solid rock and abandoned marble objects. The methods applied in our research were petrographic investigations, chemical and isotopic analysis, and extractable salts (crush-leach analyses). The analysis of the new quarries contributes to the identification of archaeological artefacts coming from the ancient city of Ephesos and its surrounding areas.
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Authors: Petya Andreeva, Vasiliki Anevlavi, Benjamin Frerix, Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter, Krasimira Karadimitrova The study of marble trade in antiquity has received a lot of scholarly attention in the last few decades; however,... more
Authors: Petya Andreeva, Vasiliki Anevlavi, Benjamin Frerix, Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter, Krasimira Karadimitrova
The study of marble trade in antiquity has received a lot of scholarly attention in the last few decades; however, numerous deposits of high-quality white marble in the Thracian interior have only recently become pivotal in Bulgaria. Following the establishment of Thrace as a Roman province, investments into transport infrastructure, urban and rural construction works and monumentalizing architecture in marble have led to an increased demand for stone. Local marble quarries close to urban centres and larger imperial quarries were used for civic buildings, villas and sanctuaries. Provenance analysis of marble quarries and artefacts has established a close link between the place of origin and subsequent place of use. This multidisciplinary study explores marble sources in the Thracian interior via various approaches such as epigraphy, archaeology, and archaeometry regarding urbanization, trade, and transportation. In this paper, we consider and investigate the Berkovitsa marble, a quarry close to Montana in northwestern Bulgaria, and present a broader framework for the marble trade of the region.
The study of marble trade in antiquity has received a lot of scholarly attention in the last few decades; however, numerous deposits of high-quality white marble in the Thracian interior have only recently become pivotal in Bulgaria. Following the establishment of Thrace as a Roman province, investments into transport infrastructure, urban and rural construction works and monumentalizing architecture in marble have led to an increased demand for stone. Local marble quarries close to urban centres and larger imperial quarries were used for civic buildings, villas and sanctuaries. Provenance analysis of marble quarries and artefacts has established a close link between the place of origin and subsequent place of use. This multidisciplinary study explores marble sources in the Thracian interior via various approaches such as epigraphy, archaeology, and archaeometry regarding urbanization, trade, and transportation. In this paper, we consider and investigate the Berkovitsa marble, a quarry close to Montana in northwestern Bulgaria, and present a broader framework for the marble trade of the region.
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Authors: Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter, Vasiliki Anevlavi The data presented in the “Supplementary Material” are intended to supply a databank for future marble provenance analysis of artefacts to be checked against Ephesian... more
Authors: Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter, Vasiliki Anevlavi
The data presented in the “Supplementary Material” are intended to supply a databank for future marble provenance analysis of artefacts to be checked against Ephesian marbles. For the sake of comparability, the methods of analysis of a sample to be investigated have to be in strict compliance with the analytical methods that were used for the preparation of this databank. In a first step it is shown that there are several different types of Ephesian marbles due to their different geologic sources. These various types of Ephesian marbles are characterised and it is shown that they can be separated by the use of a combination of different variables analysed thus the isotopic overlap can be largely reduced and an intra-site discrimination is possible. Using this multi method approach it is furthermore possible to largely tell apart the Ephesian marbles from other similar medium-grained marbles used in Antiquity all over the Roman Empire. Though not considered to be “white marbles”, the analytical data for the Ephesian Greco Scritto marble from the area of Hasançavuşlar some 20 km NE of Ephesos are presented in order to enable a future user to discriminate against similar grey mottled marbles from Cap de Garde or from Prokonessos.
The data presented in the “Supplementary Material” are intended to supply a databank for future marble provenance analysis of artefacts to be checked against Ephesian marbles. For the sake of comparability, the methods of analysis of a sample to be investigated have to be in strict compliance with the analytical methods that were used for the preparation of this databank. In a first step it is shown that there are several different types of Ephesian marbles due to their different geologic sources. These various types of Ephesian marbles are characterised and it is shown that they can be separated by the use of a combination of different variables analysed thus the isotopic overlap can be largely reduced and an intra-site discrimination is possible. Using this multi method approach it is furthermore possible to largely tell apart the Ephesian marbles from other similar medium-grained marbles used in Antiquity all over the Roman Empire. Though not considered to be “white marbles”, the analytical data for the Ephesian Greco Scritto marble from the area of Hasançavuşlar some 20 km NE of Ephesos are presented in order to enable a future user to discriminate against similar grey mottled marbles from Cap de Garde or from Prokonessos.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Roman History, Geoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Turkey, and 10 moreArchaeometry, Roman Marble trade and distribution, Provenance studies of archaeological material, Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studies, Ephesos, Roman Marble Quarries, Stone, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, Ancient marble quarries, and Roman Archaeology
The island of Keros and the islet of Dhaskalio comprise one of the most important archaeological sites in the Cyclades, dating to the Bronze Age. Hundreds of figurine fragments and marble vessels have been found in the Special Deposits... more
The island of Keros and the islet of Dhaskalio comprise one of the most important archaeological sites in the Cyclades, dating to the Bronze Age. Hundreds of figurine fragments and marble vessels have been found in the Special Deposits South and North (looted) as well as the settlement of Dhaskalio. A scientific examination of the types and degrees of weathering of the figurines found on Keros Special Deposit South and an analysis of the weathering state of the marble is presented. The analyses were performed using a stereoscopic microscope, a petrographic microscope, and a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with an X-ray analysis system. The examination and analysis showed cracks of different sizes going through the marble grains and soil depositions formed at the surface and while penetrating also inside the grain boundaries. A sequence of weathering events could also be detected. These indicate that the figurines were severely weathered under different environmental conditions and episodes.
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Roman production and trading of marble is well known from areas such as Prokonnesos or Thasos and a series of other renowned production sites in antiquity. However, in the broad area of Thrace the numerous marble deposits in the interior,... more
Roman production and trading of marble is well known from areas such as Prokonnesos or Thasos and a series of other renowned production sites in antiquity. However, in the broad area of Thrace the numerous marble deposits in the interior, in particular in today's Bulgaria, have received far less attention. The marble quarries and outcrops area of South-East Bulgaria are extensively studied for the first time. Macroscopic and petrographic investigations all showed transitions from a coarse-grained, deformed texture to an extremely fine-grained, cataclastic marble. The isotopic diagram showed two different groups of marbles, one group with light and another with exceptionally heavy δ13C between 5 and 6 ‰. The marble inventory of the Villa Armira was investigated with the result that all the architectural elements and decorative architecture of the villa are of local origin. The marble sources are the ancient quarries next to the villa on one hand and on the other hand the quarries near Kamilski dol some 27 km away.
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Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter, S., Prochaska W., The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos, Asia Minor, has revealed a rather large number of Meter reliefs which were originally placed in small niches cut... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter, S., Prochaska W.,
The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos, Asia Minor, has revealed a rather large number of Meter reliefs which were originally placed in small niches cut into the marble/limestone bedrock of the Panayırdağ hill. The objects date from the Late Classical to the Early Hellenistic period (i.e. 4th-3th cent. BC). The marble provenance analysis of a group of these reliefs, now located in the Museum of Selçuk in Turkey, proves that the marble originates from different Ephesian quarries. Using various methods including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), and multi-trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography, identifies the provenance of these votive plates, and the workshop for their production in Ephesos. A further investigation of the Meter Relief I 1108 from the Art History Museum in Vienna [Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna (KHM)] showed that this material also originates from the Ephesos II group quarries, linking this object to the Ephesian workshop/production area. Furthermore, recent investigations on Meter reliefs from different regions, now in the Art History Museum in Vienna, showed the use of Dokimeion marble already in the Hellenistic era.
The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos, Asia Minor, has revealed a rather large number of Meter reliefs which were originally placed in small niches cut into the marble/limestone bedrock of the Panayırdağ hill. The objects date from the Late Classical to the Early Hellenistic period (i.e. 4th-3th cent. BC). The marble provenance analysis of a group of these reliefs, now located in the Museum of Selçuk in Turkey, proves that the marble originates from different Ephesian quarries. Using various methods including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), and multi-trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography, identifies the provenance of these votive plates, and the workshop for their production in Ephesos. A further investigation of the Meter Relief I 1108 from the Art History Museum in Vienna [Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna (KHM)] showed that this material also originates from the Ephesos II group quarries, linking this object to the Ephesian workshop/production area. Furthermore, recent investigations on Meter reliefs from different regions, now in the Art History Museum in Vienna, showed the use of Dokimeion marble already in the Hellenistic era.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Geochemistry, Museum Studies, Stable Isotope Analysis, Geoarchaeology, and 9 moreHellenistic History, Archaeometry, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Roman Marble trade and distribution, Asia Minor, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, and Roman Archaeology
Im Zuge einer systematischen Beprobung römerzeitlich genutzter Marmorsteinbrüche und ihrer Artefakte in der Provinz Noricum ergab sich 2019 die Möglichkeit, Objekte im Stadtmuseum von Villach und in der Keltenwelt von Frög zu beproben. In... more
Im Zuge einer systematischen Beprobung römerzeitlich genutzter
Marmorsteinbrüche und ihrer Artefakte in der Provinz Noricum
ergab sich 2019 die Möglichkeit, Objekte im Stadtmuseum von Villach
und in der Keltenwelt von Frög zu beproben. In der vorliegenden
Studie werden insgesamt 26 Artefakte vorgestellt, die für eine
Marmorherkunftsanalyse herangezogen wurden. Der weitaus größte
Anteil entfällt auf Funde aus dem Flussbett der Drau (Abbildung 1)2,
ergänzt durch zwei Objekte – eine spätantik sekundär verwendete
Grabplatte aus Maglern (Villach 1) und die Grabstele des Macrinus
aus Villach-Stadt (Villach 2).
Marmorsteinbrüche und ihrer Artefakte in der Provinz Noricum
ergab sich 2019 die Möglichkeit, Objekte im Stadtmuseum von Villach
und in der Keltenwelt von Frög zu beproben. In der vorliegenden
Studie werden insgesamt 26 Artefakte vorgestellt, die für eine
Marmorherkunftsanalyse herangezogen wurden. Der weitaus größte
Anteil entfällt auf Funde aus dem Flussbett der Drau (Abbildung 1)2,
ergänzt durch zwei Objekte – eine spätantik sekundär verwendete
Grabplatte aus Maglern (Villach 1) und die Grabstele des Macrinus
aus Villach-Stadt (Villach 2).
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This paper presents the research conducted on the origin of the white marble architecture of the basilica of Ascalon (Israel). The basilica is located in the civic centre of the Roman city of Ascalon and it is one of the relatively few... more
This paper presents the research conducted on the origin of the white marble architecture of the basilica of Ascalon (Israel). The basilica is located in the civic centre of the Roman city of Ascalon and it is one of the relatively few known monumental buildings of Roman Palestine. The various construction phases of the basilica are dated from the first century BC to the third century AD. As Israel has no sources of marble, this paper explores the origin of the white marble that was used for several architectural elements such as bases, columns, capitals, and figurative pilasters to identify their provenance. The methodology includes petrographic studies, chemical and isotopic analyses, and chemical analyses of inclusion fluids and extractable salts (crush-leach analyses) of the marble. The results demonstrate that the imported marble highlights the wide extent of connectivity and interregional trade in the region. Some of the main sources of building materials used in the construction programme of this basilica originate from famous supra-regional quarries such as Prokonnesos and Thasos, and different quarries on the island of Lesbos. The similarities between the Severan basilica in Ascalon and the contemporary building in Leptis Magna are also discussed in this paper. In combination with the absence of a built-up port in the ancient city of Ascalon, these results also provide important information on the economy of Roman Palestine, transportation networks, and the logistical organisation of large-scale building programmes.
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The hinterland of the metropolis of Ephesos belonged to the most important quarrying region for white marbles in the ancient world. Here, two main groups can be differentiated, which have been divided into Ephesos I and II based on... more
The hinterland of the metropolis of Ephesos belonged to the most important quarrying region for white marbles in the ancient world. Here, two main groups can be differentiated, which have been divided into Ephesos I and II based on petrographic-geochemical criteria. In addition to the two large groups of Ephesian marble, Ephesos I and II, there are smaller local marble supplies which differ petrographically and geochemically from these. One of these stone quarries, which demonstrably was already exploited in antiquity, is that of Ab-u Hayat, which will be analysed in detail in what follows.
Research Interests: Roman History, Roman Epigraphy, Roman Marble trade and distribution, Provenance research, Ancient Greek Epigraphy, and 10 moreEpigraphy, Roman Sarcophagi, Ancient Quarries, Marble quarrying, Ephesos, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, Ancient marble quarries, and Ancient Roman Marbles
Marble is one of the most widespread materials used by man from prehistory until today. This research focuses on the analysis of Naxos marble. A brief review of research related to the island of Naxos is reported. The main objectives of... more
Marble is one of the most widespread materials used by man from prehistory until today. This research focuses on the analysis of Naxos marble. A brief review of research related to the island of Naxos is reported. The main objectives of this paper highlight the importance of marble studies, and a brief account of the techniques used in the research. A brief description of the geology of Naxos is presented in this paper. In addition to the known marble quarries (ancient and modern), such as Melanes, Apollas, Kinidaros, the characteristics of different grey marbles are presented. The physical and chemical properties of marble, the sampling procedure, sample preparation, and statistical analysis, as well as the results for different archaeological objects, are also mentioned. These investigations focused on the characterization of changes in mineralogical and petrographic characteristics and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O). The results provide additional data and complement the databases for marble provenance analysis. A number of marble vessels dating to the Bronze Age come from the island of Naxos. Fragments of marble vases dating from the 6th to the 3rd millennium in the Ephesus region of Asia Minor are associated with Naxian marbles
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Αντιμετωπίζοντας την εκπαίδευση ως το μηχανισμό, εκείνο που μέσω αυτού αλλά και μέσα από αυτόν διαμορφώνεται μια επικοινωνία με το παρελθόν και συνάμα κατασκευάζεται η καθημερινή πραγματικότητα για τα παιδιά, σχεδιάστηκε ένα εκπαιδευτικό... more
Αντιμετωπίζοντας την εκπαίδευση ως το μηχανισμό, εκείνο που μέσω αυτού αλλά και μέσα από αυτόν διαμορφώνεται μια επικοινωνία με το παρελθόν και συνάμα κατασκευάζεται η καθημερινή πραγματικότητα για τα παιδιά, σχεδιάστηκε ένα εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα το οποίο απευθύνεται σε παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας και αφορά ένα κομμάτι της τοπικής ιστορίας της Νάξου. Ο σχεδιασμός μιας μαθησιακής διαδικασίας σε διαθεματικό πλαίσιο με τη χρήση παιχνιδιού, στοχεύει στην ενεργή εμπλοκή των παιδιών, στην εξέλιξη του τρόπου σκέψης και δράσης τους, στην ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων όπου αφορούν την ολότητά τους. Ταυτόχρονα, η συγκεκριμένη προσπάθεια στηρίζεται στην άποψη ότι γνώση και μάθηση είναι αποτέλεσμα μιας συνεργατικής διαδικασίας και αλληλεπίδρασης των συμμετεχόντων.
Το εκπαιδευτικό αυτό πρόγραμμα παρουσιάζει την σχέση μεταξύ μιας αρχαιολόγου, με ένα χελιδόνι, μια αράχνη, ένας γλάρος και τους Κούρους της Νάξου, καθώς και τα παιδιά ενός νηπιαγωγείου. Μέσα από ένα παιχνίδι το οποίο ακροβατεί μεταξύ πραγματικότητας και φαντασίας, παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας εξερευνούν το μαρμάρινο παρελθόν της Νάξου και γνωρίζουν Κούρους της αρχαϊκής εποχής. Μυστήρια γράμματα καταφθάνουν στην τάξη που τους ωθούν να γίνουν ερευνητές και να εξερευνήσουν το παρελθόν. Η διαθεματική προσέγγιση του εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος προσκαλεί και προκαλεί τα παιδιά να επεξεργαστούν τη συνθήκη περιπλέκοντας θετικά ιστορία, τέχνη, γεωγραφία, ζωολογία, μαθηματικά και τη λαογραφία του νησιού.
Το εκπαιδευτικό αυτό πρόγραμμα παρουσιάζει την σχέση μεταξύ μιας αρχαιολόγου, με ένα χελιδόνι, μια αράχνη, ένας γλάρος και τους Κούρους της Νάξου, καθώς και τα παιδιά ενός νηπιαγωγείου. Μέσα από ένα παιχνίδι το οποίο ακροβατεί μεταξύ πραγματικότητας και φαντασίας, παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας εξερευνούν το μαρμάρινο παρελθόν της Νάξου και γνωρίζουν Κούρους της αρχαϊκής εποχής. Μυστήρια γράμματα καταφθάνουν στην τάξη που τους ωθούν να γίνουν ερευνητές και να εξερευνήσουν το παρελθόν. Η διαθεματική προσέγγιση του εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος προσκαλεί και προκαλεί τα παιδιά να επεξεργαστούν τη συνθήκη περιπλέκοντας θετικά ιστορία, τέχνη, γεωγραφία, ζωολογία, μαθηματικά και τη λαογραφία του νησιού.
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Considering education as a planned interventionist process, far from random and fragmented learning, an attempt will be made to present a proposal aimed at utilizing the Jesuit Resort in the "Kalamitsia" of Naxos as a place for the... more
Considering education as a planned interventionist process, far from random and fragmented learning, an attempt will be made to present a proposal aimed at utilizing the Jesuit Resort in the "Kalamitsia" of Naxos as a place for the development of educational programs. It is a sequence of actions with a unified narrative structure and an active involvement of educated individuals in an out-of-school environment that will lead to the acquisition and acquisition of cognitive skills. As part of the study of the promotion of the Jesuit Resort as a museum and exhibition space, a parallel thematic theme was developed concerning the implementation of educational programs. These educational programs aim at highlighting the island through various themes (geology, agriculture, archaeology, culture, etc.). The aim of the educational programs is the utilization of multiple information and events from the island of Naxos and the in-depth study and understanding of the various themes of the programs by Greek and foreign students.
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Primary semantic condensations through symbols cannot be linguistically shaped as a whole by man. Condensation through images and symbols, which takes a form perceived both mentally and sensually, leads us to the study of the... more
Primary semantic condensations through symbols cannot be linguistically shaped as a whole by man. Condensation through images and symbols, which takes a form perceived both mentally and sensually, leads us to the study of the ecclesiastical image and how it affects expression and communication, functioning as an essential part of this condensation. The icon is intertwined with religious worship and religious tourism, as at the same time its creation is a special artistic system. As such, the system has its principles and values. Not looking for photographic resemblance to the original and its representation, this particular visual system records some of its features that shape its existence. The deliberate removal of the temporary and the perishable, but also the avoidance of attributing personal characteristics and emotions to the forms, are decisive elements in the formation of a form of communication. This communication draws its main part from the sacred and speaks of spiritual life, and which also draws from the treasure of myths and leads to religiosity. Also, this communication is ultimately based on icons that survive through their metaphysical truth and which do not need to change form every time to be perceived by the believer-viewer. The similarity observed in the interiority, in the moral-spiritual dimension of the icons is the one that defines them and separates them from any other art form over time.
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This research aims to address the needs of small and local museums when it comes to the attraction of tourists, both foreign and domestic, through the use of new technological means. As a case study, the Historical & Folklore Museum of... more
This research aims to address the needs of small and local museums when it comes to the attraction of tourists, both foreign and domestic, through the use of new technological means. As a case study, the Historical & Folklore Museum of Kalamata that is located in the Messenian Prefecture, Greece has been chosen. This museum attracts more than 2000 visitors per year, and this can be considered a great number, taking into consideration its size and complicated layout. In order to make the right suggestions that would fit exactly the needs of the museum, intensive observation sessions took place. Two different sets of questionnaires were prepared and distributed via social media, and after the visitor tours. Moreover, interviews were carried out with all the employees, and also a complete space syntax analysis was conducted so as to outline the interaction between visitor and museum space. The proposals were based on the identified requirements and the space utilization. Some of the te...
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Authors: Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V., Chatzopoulou E., Argyropoulpou M.,
Harokopio University of Athens, Greece,
8th and 9th of March 2024
Harokopio University of Athens, Greece,
8th and 9th of March 2024
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Authors: Vasiliki Anevlavi, Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter Provenance studies of white marble aim to combine the disciplines of archaeology and economic history with geology and the applied analytical techniques of petrography and... more
Authors: Vasiliki Anevlavi, Walter Prochaska, Sabine Ladstätter
Provenance studies of white marble aim to combine the disciplines of archaeology and economic history with geology and the applied analytical techniques of petrography and geochemistry. In recent years, our research has focused on the combination of geological samples from local quarries and outcrops and the evaluation of all archaeometric data of the marbles under consideration. This contributes to answering questions about the regional and long-distance trade of white marble, which was an important component of the economic history of the Roman Empire. For this study, the Eastern Mediterranean is the targeted region, with case studies from Corinth (Greece), Ephesos (Turkey), Ascalon (Israel) and the province of Thrace (Bulgaria). The analytical methods applied to the samples included petrographic investigations, chemical analysis with a large range of elements (variables: Mn, Mg, Fe, Sr, Y, V, Cd, La, Ce, Yb, U), and isotopic analysis (δ18O ‰, δ13C ‰) Statistical treatment for each sample was applied. All samples were compared with the large database of quarry samples across the ancient world. The provenance of these artefacts shows and unwraps, in several cases, the importance of the local material, as well as the supra-regional quarries and their marble trade network.
Provenance studies of white marble aim to combine the disciplines of archaeology and economic history with geology and the applied analytical techniques of petrography and geochemistry. In recent years, our research has focused on the combination of geological samples from local quarries and outcrops and the evaluation of all archaeometric data of the marbles under consideration. This contributes to answering questions about the regional and long-distance trade of white marble, which was an important component of the economic history of the Roman Empire. For this study, the Eastern Mediterranean is the targeted region, with case studies from Corinth (Greece), Ephesos (Turkey), Ascalon (Israel) and the province of Thrace (Bulgaria). The analytical methods applied to the samples included petrographic investigations, chemical analysis with a large range of elements (variables: Mn, Mg, Fe, Sr, Y, V, Cd, La, Ce, Yb, U), and isotopic analysis (δ18O ‰, δ13C ‰) Statistical treatment for each sample was applied. All samples were compared with the large database of quarry samples across the ancient world. The provenance of these artefacts shows and unwraps, in several cases, the importance of the local material, as well as the supra-regional quarries and their marble trade network.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Roman History, Mediterranean Studies, Bulgaria, Turkey, and 11 moreArchaeometry, Mediterranean archaeology, Roman Marble trade and distribution, History of the Eastern Mediterranean, Provenance research, Provenance studies of archaeological material, Greece, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, and Roman Archaeology
Authors: Anevlavi, V., Andreeva, P., Prochaska, W., Ladstätter, S. In contrast to iconographic and stylistic evidence, the provenance study of small-format marble votive plaques has been the subject of very little analysis. However, a... more
Authors: Anevlavi, V., Andreeva, P., Prochaska, W., Ladstätter, S.
In contrast to iconographic and stylistic evidence, the provenance study of small-format marble votive plaques has been the subject of very little analysis. However, a comprehensive investigation of the material used for this particular group of artefacts provides ground-breaking new insights into patterns of raw material distribution and their impact on local sanctuaries. The determination of the origin of the marble provides relevant details to argue for the localisation of workshops and their artisans with different levels of craftsmanship.
Comparative case studies of three groups of marble votive plaques from three different sanctuaries in Roman Thrace are the subject of investigation: the sanctuary of the Three Nymphs in the territory of Philippopolis, the sanctuary of Artemis in the area of Nicopolis ad Istrum, and the sanctuary of Asclepius at the Glava Panega Spring. The paper presents the completed analysis of the sampled artefacts and throws light on an exemplary evaluation. Various methods, such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18) and multi-element trace analysis by ICP-MS, combined with petrography, allowed the marble provenance of these votive plaques to be established. It is revealed that local marble extracted from the Asenovgrad quarries (near Philippopolis) is the primary source of raw material for these objects. Its widespread use in the production of votives dedicated to deities in various sanctuaries raises further questions about the regional trade and transport networks of finished small marble artefacts commissioned to be placed in sacred contexts.
In contrast to iconographic and stylistic evidence, the provenance study of small-format marble votive plaques has been the subject of very little analysis. However, a comprehensive investigation of the material used for this particular group of artefacts provides ground-breaking new insights into patterns of raw material distribution and their impact on local sanctuaries. The determination of the origin of the marble provides relevant details to argue for the localisation of workshops and their artisans with different levels of craftsmanship.
Comparative case studies of three groups of marble votive plaques from three different sanctuaries in Roman Thrace are the subject of investigation: the sanctuary of the Three Nymphs in the territory of Philippopolis, the sanctuary of Artemis in the area of Nicopolis ad Istrum, and the sanctuary of Asclepius at the Glava Panega Spring. The paper presents the completed analysis of the sampled artefacts and throws light on an exemplary evaluation. Various methods, such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18) and multi-element trace analysis by ICP-MS, combined with petrography, allowed the marble provenance of these votive plaques to be established. It is revealed that local marble extracted from the Asenovgrad quarries (near Philippopolis) is the primary source of raw material for these objects. Its widespread use in the production of votives dedicated to deities in various sanctuaries raises further questions about the regional trade and transport networks of finished small marble artefacts commissioned to be placed in sacred contexts.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Bulgaria, Archaeometry, Roman Marble trade and distribution, and 11 moreProvenance research, Provenance studies of archaeological material, Thracian Archaeology, History of ancient Thrace, Bulgarian archaeology, Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studies, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, Stone, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, and Ancient Roman Marbles
Authors: Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V., Argyropoulou M.
Research Interests:
Authors: Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Anevlavi V.
18-21 September 2023
18-21 September 2023
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W. Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023 The project’s targets are mainly focused on archaeological material and quarry samples. Based on experience, a number of samples are necessary for each category of an... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W.
Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023
The project’s targets are mainly focused on archaeological material and quarry samples. Based on experience, a number of samples are necessary for each category of an architectural element. Since the main emphasis of the project is marble as a building material, paving slabs, socles and curbs are included. The case study of Philippopolis involves various buildings such as the Agora, the theatre, the stadium, the eastern gate, etc. According to the preliminary evaluation, the majority of these constructions are made of local Rhodopes marble, with several marble combinations such as the use of Prokonnesian marble in the Corinthian capitals of the Agora, or the use of local coloured breccia in the theatre.
The analytical methods applied to the samples included petrographic investigations, chemical analysis with a large range of elements (variables: Mn, Mg, Fe, Sr, Y, V, Cd, La, Ce, Yb, U), and isotopic analysis (δ18O ‰, δ13C ‰) Statistical treatment for each sample was applied. All samples were compared with the large database of quarry samples across the ancient world.
The provenance of these artefacts shows and unwraps the importance of the local material as well as the possibility of the existence of a workshop for the production of these elements in the area of Asenovgrad/Philippopolis. The combination of the geological samples from local quarries and outcrops and the evaluation of all the archaeometric data contribute to answering questions in relation to the regional and long-distance trade in white marble, which represented a significant economic-historical component in the Roman Imperial period.
Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023
The project’s targets are mainly focused on archaeological material and quarry samples. Based on experience, a number of samples are necessary for each category of an architectural element. Since the main emphasis of the project is marble as a building material, paving slabs, socles and curbs are included. The case study of Philippopolis involves various buildings such as the Agora, the theatre, the stadium, the eastern gate, etc. According to the preliminary evaluation, the majority of these constructions are made of local Rhodopes marble, with several marble combinations such as the use of Prokonnesian marble in the Corinthian capitals of the Agora, or the use of local coloured breccia in the theatre.
The analytical methods applied to the samples included petrographic investigations, chemical analysis with a large range of elements (variables: Mn, Mg, Fe, Sr, Y, V, Cd, La, Ce, Yb, U), and isotopic analysis (δ18O ‰, δ13C ‰) Statistical treatment for each sample was applied. All samples were compared with the large database of quarry samples across the ancient world.
The provenance of these artefacts shows and unwraps the importance of the local material as well as the possibility of the existence of a workshop for the production of these elements in the area of Asenovgrad/Philippopolis. The combination of the geological samples from local quarries and outcrops and the evaluation of all the archaeometric data contribute to answering questions in relation to the regional and long-distance trade in white marble, which represented a significant economic-historical component in the Roman Imperial period.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Bulgaria, Archaeometry, Bulgarian history, and 8 moreRoman Marble trade and distribution, Provenance studies of archaeological material, Marbles, Bulgarian archaeology, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, and Ancient Roman Marbles
Authors: Anevlavi V., Petkova K., Prochaska W. Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023 In contrast to other archaeological elements, the small-format votive plate material has rarely been analysed. Yet, ground-breaking new insights into regional... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Petkova K., Prochaska W.
Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023
In contrast to other archaeological elements, the small-format votive plate material has rarely been analysed. Yet, ground-breaking new insights into regional trade and distribution patterns can be expected for this group in particular. The determination of the origin of the marble used provides important information about the localization of the workshops, especially in the case of average handcrafted products, since the long-distance migration of craftsmen or raw materials can be largely excluded. Ultimately, a comprehensive analysis of the material brings two aspects into focus: on the one hand, the significance of regional distribution patterns and with it the impact on regional sanctuaries, and on the other hand, the carriage of finished votive plates by individuals and their placement in other settings.
One example of marble use investigated in this project is the Sanctuary of the Three Nymphs, in the territory of Philippopolis. The analyses of the artefacts taken at this site are completed and an exemplary evaluation is presented below. The cult of the three Nymphs is related to hot springs and Roman bathing facilities near the village Ognyanovo, known also as the Nymphaeum of Burdapa. It is located in the Pazardzhik region and it is in close association with the territory of Philippopolis. Many votive plates have been found, mostly in dedication to the three nymphs dated in the Roman period (3rd AD).
The application of various methods such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), and multi-element trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography showed the provenance of these artefacts and unwraps the workshop for the production of these votive plates in the area of Asenovgrad/Philippopolis. This marble occurs widespread in the Rhodope Mountains and represents different degrees of deformation. Further investigations on votive plates from Philippopolis and from different regions showed the use of Asenovgrad marble as a main source of raw material.
Stara Zagora, 9-14 May 2023
In contrast to other archaeological elements, the small-format votive plate material has rarely been analysed. Yet, ground-breaking new insights into regional trade and distribution patterns can be expected for this group in particular. The determination of the origin of the marble used provides important information about the localization of the workshops, especially in the case of average handcrafted products, since the long-distance migration of craftsmen or raw materials can be largely excluded. Ultimately, a comprehensive analysis of the material brings two aspects into focus: on the one hand, the significance of regional distribution patterns and with it the impact on regional sanctuaries, and on the other hand, the carriage of finished votive plates by individuals and their placement in other settings.
One example of marble use investigated in this project is the Sanctuary of the Three Nymphs, in the territory of Philippopolis. The analyses of the artefacts taken at this site are completed and an exemplary evaluation is presented below. The cult of the three Nymphs is related to hot springs and Roman bathing facilities near the village Ognyanovo, known also as the Nymphaeum of Burdapa. It is located in the Pazardzhik region and it is in close association with the territory of Philippopolis. Many votive plates have been found, mostly in dedication to the three nymphs dated in the Roman period (3rd AD).
The application of various methods such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), and multi-element trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography showed the provenance of these artefacts and unwraps the workshop for the production of these votive plates in the area of Asenovgrad/Philippopolis. This marble occurs widespread in the Rhodope Mountains and represents different degrees of deformation. Further investigations on votive plates from Philippopolis and from different regions showed the use of Asenovgrad marble as a main source of raw material.
Research Interests:
2-3 February 2023
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Cenati C.
Athens, Greece
31 October - 1 November 2022
Athens, Greece
31 October - 1 November 2022
Research Interests:
Authors: Cenati C., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Corinth was in Roman times one of the most significant harbour cities in the Mediterranean and represented a pivot point in the commercial routes between... more
Authors: Cenati C., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Corinth was in Roman times one of the most significant harbour cities
in the Mediterranean and represented a pivot point in the commercial
routes between Rome and Ephesos. In particular, archaeological
evidence has shown the strong commercial connections of the Roman
colony with Asia Minor. In this context of research, marble provenance
studies provide significant details that contribute to outline the map of
trade and economy of the Greek city. Among all marble monuments,
inscriptions are extremely important for this purpose, as they carry
precise information about the time of production, the function and the
commissioners of the monument itself. During the last marble sampling
campaign of the Austrian Archaeological Institute, 15 samples were
taken from inscriptions on the archaeological site, at the archaeological
museum and in its depots. These inscriptions are mainly connected
with the evergetism of the colonial elites and with the imperial cult, two
traits which are strikingly present in Roman Corinth. The monuments
date from the foundation of the Roman colony in the 1st c. BC to the
3rd c. AD, are of a different types, have different functions and their
texts are both in Greek and Latin. For the provenance analysis of white
marbles, a series of methods are used. The techniques applied to these
samples include petrographic investigations, chemical (trace elements)
and isotopic analysis (δ18O, δ13C). Statistical treatment for each sample
is applied. The artefacts are compared with a database of 4,500 quarry
samples from the classical marble quarries known in antiquity. The
identification of the origin of the marbles used for these inscribes
objects will allow shedding more light on how and if the marble use
changed during the time, according to the type and the function of the
monument (public or private), as well as to the status of the people
involved. Furthermore, it will be considered if the provincial borders
had some meaning in the marble trade, or, on the contrary, if the
commerce was organized on the basis of extended macro areas. The
results of this research show the use of regional marbles like those from
Mani and from sub-regional quarries such as Prokonnesos and Penteli.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Corinth was in Roman times one of the most significant harbour cities
in the Mediterranean and represented a pivot point in the commercial
routes between Rome and Ephesos. In particular, archaeological
evidence has shown the strong commercial connections of the Roman
colony with Asia Minor. In this context of research, marble provenance
studies provide significant details that contribute to outline the map of
trade and economy of the Greek city. Among all marble monuments,
inscriptions are extremely important for this purpose, as they carry
precise information about the time of production, the function and the
commissioners of the monument itself. During the last marble sampling
campaign of the Austrian Archaeological Institute, 15 samples were
taken from inscriptions on the archaeological site, at the archaeological
museum and in its depots. These inscriptions are mainly connected
with the evergetism of the colonial elites and with the imperial cult, two
traits which are strikingly present in Roman Corinth. The monuments
date from the foundation of the Roman colony in the 1st c. BC to the
3rd c. AD, are of a different types, have different functions and their
texts are both in Greek and Latin. For the provenance analysis of white
marbles, a series of methods are used. The techniques applied to these
samples include petrographic investigations, chemical (trace elements)
and isotopic analysis (δ18O, δ13C). Statistical treatment for each sample
is applied. The artefacts are compared with a database of 4,500 quarry
samples from the classical marble quarries known in antiquity. The
identification of the origin of the marbles used for these inscribes
objects will allow shedding more light on how and if the marble use
changed during the time, according to the type and the function of the
monument (public or private), as well as to the status of the people
involved. Furthermore, it will be considered if the provincial borders
had some meaning in the marble trade, or, on the contrary, if the
commerce was organized on the basis of extended macro areas. The
results of this research show the use of regional marbles like those from
Mani and from sub-regional quarries such as Prokonnesos and Penteli.
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 This research aims to explore, investigate and compare the ancient white marble quarries and outcrops of the north-eastern Aegean Islands in Greece and most... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
This research aims to explore, investigate and compare the ancient
white marble quarries and outcrops of the north-eastern Aegean Islands
in Greece and most specifically the islands of Samos, Fourni and Icaria.
Studying the ancient quarries and the traces of the tool marks can help
to get further information on the technological knowledge and the
corresponding progress in each period. Ancient trade on land and sea
route can be recorded, giving information on the transfer of the material,
exchange of products, technicians and art. The last years’ research
showed that the Greeks and the Romans used first quality marble for
many cases such as statuary or architecture. The very favourable logistic
position of these high-quality marbles suggests not only the importance
to cover the need for raw material on a local scale but also offers perfect
conditions for the international distribution of these marbles.
The major aim of this research consists of distinguishing the different
marble types of these islands by means of petrographic and geochemical
criteria, including quantitative approaches, comparing the data from
the already studied quarries of the ancient world with the properties of
the new samples and identifying the fingerprint of these quarries. Eight
locations were studied and in total 120 samples were analysed with a
petrographic microscope, stable isotopes analysis, fluids and ICP-MS
analysis. The results of the investigation of the north-eastern Greek
islands and the analytical data will be used in future researches and
fulfil the list of the ancient white marble quarries of antiquity.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
This research aims to explore, investigate and compare the ancient
white marble quarries and outcrops of the north-eastern Aegean Islands
in Greece and most specifically the islands of Samos, Fourni and Icaria.
Studying the ancient quarries and the traces of the tool marks can help
to get further information on the technological knowledge and the
corresponding progress in each period. Ancient trade on land and sea
route can be recorded, giving information on the transfer of the material,
exchange of products, technicians and art. The last years’ research
showed that the Greeks and the Romans used first quality marble for
many cases such as statuary or architecture. The very favourable logistic
position of these high-quality marbles suggests not only the importance
to cover the need for raw material on a local scale but also offers perfect
conditions for the international distribution of these marbles.
The major aim of this research consists of distinguishing the different
marble types of these islands by means of petrographic and geochemical
criteria, including quantitative approaches, comparing the data from
the already studied quarries of the ancient world with the properties of
the new samples and identifying the fingerprint of these quarries. Eight
locations were studied and in total 120 samples were analysed with a
petrographic microscope, stable isotopes analysis, fluids and ICP-MS
analysis. The results of the investigation of the north-eastern Greek
islands and the analytical data will be used in future researches and
fulfil the list of the ancient white marble quarries of antiquity.
Research Interests:
Authors: Ladstätter S., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 There are comparatively few marble statues from the northern provinces of the Roman Empire. However, they represent Roman culture like hardly any... more
Authors: Ladstätter S., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
There are comparatively few marble statues from the northern
provinces of the Roman Empire. However, they represent Roman
culture like hardly any other group of finds. Of extraordinary quality
and cultural-historical significance is that group of statues, which has
been uncovered at the beginning of the 20th century in an intra-urban
insula in Virunum, the capital of the Roman province of Noricum.
However, there are other round sculptural, life-size figures, whose
original context is not certain. In the archaeological literature it is noted
that both regional Eastern Alpine marble and marble of Mediterranean
origin were used for the production of these statues. The attribution
was made solely on the basis of macroscopic observations, however,
led to far-reaching cultural-historical conclusions. On the one hand, the
import of finished statues from Italy was postulated, as well as a large
sculptor’s workshop in Noricum, influenced by Aquileia.
In the course of a recently initiated research project, samples were
taken from all the statues and analysed. A combination of different
scientific methods was used to characterize the composition of the
marbles. To compare these results with quarry data a collection of approx. 4,500 samples from quarries of the ancient world (regional
and international) was available. Through these scientific analyses, the
origin of the marbles could be clearly identified. The consequence is a
paradigm shift as these results. They include regional alpine marbles,
but also others from Prokonnesos and Thasos. If we look at the statues
from both an archaeometric and an art-historical perspective, several
production variants can be identified. On the one hand, local marble
was produced in local workshops, on the other hand, raw material – in
blocks or roughly modelled – was delivered from the Mediterranean
region and further processed on site. For individual pieces, however,
it is also possible that finished objects were actually imported. A
clarification of this can only be provided by a new stylistic-craft analysis
of the objects, the marble analyses, however, have shown the way.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
There are comparatively few marble statues from the northern
provinces of the Roman Empire. However, they represent Roman
culture like hardly any other group of finds. Of extraordinary quality
and cultural-historical significance is that group of statues, which has
been uncovered at the beginning of the 20th century in an intra-urban
insula in Virunum, the capital of the Roman province of Noricum.
However, there are other round sculptural, life-size figures, whose
original context is not certain. In the archaeological literature it is noted
that both regional Eastern Alpine marble and marble of Mediterranean
origin were used for the production of these statues. The attribution
was made solely on the basis of macroscopic observations, however,
led to far-reaching cultural-historical conclusions. On the one hand, the
import of finished statues from Italy was postulated, as well as a large
sculptor’s workshop in Noricum, influenced by Aquileia.
In the course of a recently initiated research project, samples were
taken from all the statues and analysed. A combination of different
scientific methods was used to characterize the composition of the
marbles. To compare these results with quarry data a collection of approx. 4,500 samples from quarries of the ancient world (regional
and international) was available. Through these scientific analyses, the
origin of the marbles could be clearly identified. The consequence is a
paradigm shift as these results. They include regional alpine marbles,
but also others from Prokonnesos and Thasos. If we look at the statues
from both an archaeometric and an art-historical perspective, several
production variants can be identified. On the one hand, local marble
was produced in local workshops, on the other hand, raw material – in
blocks or roughly modelled – was delivered from the Mediterranean
region and further processed on site. For individual pieces, however,
it is also possible that finished objects were actually imported. A
clarification of this can only be provided by a new stylistic-craft analysis
of the objects, the marble analyses, however, have shown the way.
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter S., Prochaska W. 5th-6th September 2022 Abstract For 60 years, scholars have been applying natural science methods in the study of marble (petrographic and geochemical techniques) to investigate marble... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter S., Prochaska W.
5th-6th September 2022
Abstract
For 60 years, scholars have been applying natural science methods in the study of marble (petrographic and geochemical techniques) to investigate marble in terms of provenance, authenticity, weathering, conservation, and so on. Knowledge of the origin of marble could also be useful in the study of restoration, for example, in terms of substances of the same origin and confirmation of prior restoration attempts.
This work presents the results of research on the origin and types of marble used in the architectural façade of the so-called Temple of Domitian in Ephesos, Asia Minor. Located at the western end of the Upper Agora, the façade is composed of three zones and is decorated with reliefs representing barbarians and allegories. Shortly after the excavation in the 1960s, a partial reconstruction (anastylosis) was carried out using elements attributed to the building without prior scientific evidence. Recent archaeological investigations cast doubt on the proposed assembly. A major question related to this building program is whether the building material was obtained from the main marble source or whether other marble sources and quarries were used for this building or if the restoration project used mixed architectural elements without classification.
In order to characterize the different types of marbles and to determine their origin, petrographic, chemical, and isotopic analyses were performed. The results showed that different types of marbles can be detected in the present anastylosis and consequently reinforce the justified doubts about the correctness of the reconstruction.
5th-6th September 2022
Abstract
For 60 years, scholars have been applying natural science methods in the study of marble (petrographic and geochemical techniques) to investigate marble in terms of provenance, authenticity, weathering, conservation, and so on. Knowledge of the origin of marble could also be useful in the study of restoration, for example, in terms of substances of the same origin and confirmation of prior restoration attempts.
This work presents the results of research on the origin and types of marble used in the architectural façade of the so-called Temple of Domitian in Ephesos, Asia Minor. Located at the western end of the Upper Agora, the façade is composed of three zones and is decorated with reliefs representing barbarians and allegories. Shortly after the excavation in the 1960s, a partial reconstruction (anastylosis) was carried out using elements attributed to the building without prior scientific evidence. Recent archaeological investigations cast doubt on the proposed assembly. A major question related to this building program is whether the building material was obtained from the main marble source or whether other marble sources and quarries were used for this building or if the restoration project used mixed architectural elements without classification.
In order to characterize the different types of marbles and to determine their origin, petrographic, chemical, and isotopic analyses were performed. The results showed that different types of marbles can be detected in the present anastylosis and consequently reinforce the justified doubts about the correctness of the reconstruction.
Research Interests:
Authors: Prochaska, W., Anevlavi V., Cenati C.
University of Lisbon
16th-20th May 2022
University of Lisbon
16th-20th May 2022
Research Interests:
Authors: Katsarova V., Anevlavi V., Ladstätter S., Prochaska W.
Vienna/Carnuntum; 16th–21st May 2022
Vienna/Carnuntum; 16th–21st May 2022
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Plattner G. The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus 14-18 March 2022 The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos has revealed a large number of Meter reliefs... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Plattner G.
The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
14-18 March 2022
The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos has revealed a large number of Meter reliefs which were originally placed in small niches cut into the marble/limestone bedrock of the Panayırdağ. The dating of the objects is i.e. late classical-early hellenistic 4/3 c. BC. The marble provenance analysis of a group of these reliefs, now located in the Museum of Selçuk in Turkey proves that the marble of these objects originates from different Ephesian quarries. The application of various methods such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi – element trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography showed the provenance of these artefacts and unwraps the workshop for the production of these votive plates in Ephesos in Asia Minor. A further investigation on the Meter Relief I 1108 from the Art History Museum in Vienna showed that this marble also originates from the Ephesos II quarries (Ladstätter et al. 2019). Further recent investigations on Meter reliefs from different regions, now in the Art History Museum in Vienna, showed the use of other provenance sources such as Prokonnesian and Pentelic marbles.
The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
14-18 March 2022
The Sanctuary of Meter, on the north slope of the Panayırdağ in Ephesos has revealed a large number of Meter reliefs which were originally placed in small niches cut into the marble/limestone bedrock of the Panayırdağ. The dating of the objects is i.e. late classical-early hellenistic 4/3 c. BC. The marble provenance analysis of a group of these reliefs, now located in the Museum of Selçuk in Turkey proves that the marble of these objects originates from different Ephesian quarries. The application of various methods such as stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi – element trace element analysis by ICP-MS, in combination with petrography showed the provenance of these artefacts and unwraps the workshop for the production of these votive plates in Ephesos in Asia Minor. A further investigation on the Meter Relief I 1108 from the Art History Museum in Vienna showed that this marble also originates from the Ephesos II quarries (Ladstätter et al. 2019). Further recent investigations on Meter reliefs from different regions, now in the Art History Museum in Vienna, showed the use of other provenance sources such as Prokonnesian and Pentelic marbles.
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V. 15th March 2022 Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw The quarries are the primary contexts, the first stage of each object. Studying the tool marks, the imprints on the parent rock, the waste, and the unfished... more
Author: Anevlavi V.
15th March 2022
Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw
The quarries are the primary contexts, the first stage of each object. Studying the tool marks, the imprints on the parent rock, the waste, and the unfished objects at a quarry reveal the secrets of the precision work which was conducted in these locations. The abandoned objects in combination with the waste, give valuable information about the context, the organization of each quarry as well as the manufacturing process, the transportation, and the stone trade in antiquity.
Each group of objects, in many cases, uses different quality materials, production tools, workmen, and various steps during the pre-shaping of each item. The extension of the scattered pieces in a quarry can show the large size of the quarries. Example where pieces are gathered in one spot can be the indication of a pick-up location or the place of the exit/entrance of the quarry. A characteristic example is the Abu-Hayat roman quarry near Ephesos, which has recently been studied. Five semi-worked blocks can be observed all in one direction, possibly ready for transportation. While, new studies on the island of Tinos reveal numerous tool marks, in combination with special graffities and inscriptions and help us to have a better understanding on the ancient marble industry in Cycladic Islands.
The studies of these examples not only extend the marble landscape of each area from both a topographical-archaeological viewpoint, but they are also examples of the usage of marbles with particular qualities, extraction methods, and productions.
15th March 2022
Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw
The quarries are the primary contexts, the first stage of each object. Studying the tool marks, the imprints on the parent rock, the waste, and the unfished objects at a quarry reveal the secrets of the precision work which was conducted in these locations. The abandoned objects in combination with the waste, give valuable information about the context, the organization of each quarry as well as the manufacturing process, the transportation, and the stone trade in antiquity.
Each group of objects, in many cases, uses different quality materials, production tools, workmen, and various steps during the pre-shaping of each item. The extension of the scattered pieces in a quarry can show the large size of the quarries. Example where pieces are gathered in one spot can be the indication of a pick-up location or the place of the exit/entrance of the quarry. A characteristic example is the Abu-Hayat roman quarry near Ephesos, which has recently been studied. Five semi-worked blocks can be observed all in one direction, possibly ready for transportation. While, new studies on the island of Tinos reveal numerous tool marks, in combination with special graffities and inscriptions and help us to have a better understanding on the ancient marble industry in Cycladic Islands.
The studies of these examples not only extend the marble landscape of each area from both a topographical-archaeological viewpoint, but they are also examples of the usage of marbles with particular qualities, extraction methods, and productions.
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V.
Innsbruck University
12-13 December 2021
Innsbruck University
12-13 December 2021
Research Interests:
Authors: Gkountroumpi V., Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V. 17-19 November 2021 Poland (online) Geospatial analyzes are a new field of archaeology, as long as the various possible representations of the different social, economic, or... more
Authors: Gkountroumpi V., Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V.
17-19 November 2021
Poland (online)
Geospatial analyzes are a new field of archaeology, as long as the various possible representations of the different social, economic, or commercial/trade relations and interconnections are attempted. Such models use a variety of spatial and descriptive data, which include, among others, calculating the orientation of a location, calculating and analyzing distances, or calculating routes with the lowest transport costs. As a case study, the ‘Portara’, the remains of the Apollo Temple in Naxos Island, Greece, is chosen to experiment with this new data and approach.
On the islet of Palatia, around 530 BC, a marble temple was built by the tyrant Lygdamis (545-524 BC) in honor of the god Apollo. The temple was designed as a peristyle Ionian temple with 6 columns on the front and 12 on the sides. The tyranny of Lygdamis ended in 524 BC. and the project remained unfinished. Only parts of the temple were constructed. The entrance was formed in a monumental doorway with a monolithic threshold, lintel, and pilasters that each weigh about 20 tons. The monumental doorway was spread as the main element of monumentation in architecture, with a width of 6.20 m, a height of 9 m. A similar size pillar has been discovered at the ancient quarry of the Archaic period in the village of Melanes, 10km from the temple. With the assistance of the Geographical Information System (GIS) useful information can be added to the archaeological study and various answers can be given in questions such as: which was the transportation route, how long was the duration of the transport, how the natural environment was interfering with the work labor, etc.
17-19 November 2021
Poland (online)
Geospatial analyzes are a new field of archaeology, as long as the various possible representations of the different social, economic, or commercial/trade relations and interconnections are attempted. Such models use a variety of spatial and descriptive data, which include, among others, calculating the orientation of a location, calculating and analyzing distances, or calculating routes with the lowest transport costs. As a case study, the ‘Portara’, the remains of the Apollo Temple in Naxos Island, Greece, is chosen to experiment with this new data and approach.
On the islet of Palatia, around 530 BC, a marble temple was built by the tyrant Lygdamis (545-524 BC) in honor of the god Apollo. The temple was designed as a peristyle Ionian temple with 6 columns on the front and 12 on the sides. The tyranny of Lygdamis ended in 524 BC. and the project remained unfinished. Only parts of the temple were constructed. The entrance was formed in a monumental doorway with a monolithic threshold, lintel, and pilasters that each weigh about 20 tons. The monumental doorway was spread as the main element of monumentation in architecture, with a width of 6.20 m, a height of 9 m. A similar size pillar has been discovered at the ancient quarry of the Archaic period in the village of Melanes, 10km from the temple. With the assistance of the Geographical Information System (GIS) useful information can be added to the archaeological study and various answers can be given in questions such as: which was the transportation route, how long was the duration of the transport, how the natural environment was interfering with the work labor, etc.
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V. Evora University 24-26 August 2021 This study is focusing on the production and use of white marble in Roman Thrace and it is interdisciplinary research connecting the antiquity-directed disciplines of archaeology and... more
Author: Anevlavi V.
Evora University
24-26 August 2021
This study is focusing on the production and use of white marble in Roman Thrace and it is interdisciplinary research connecting the antiquity-directed disciplines of archaeology and Roman economic history with geology and the application-based analysis procedures of petrography and geochemistry.
Stone, and more specific marble, is one of the most permanent materials preserved during antiquity. By examining the working traces in combination with the geological characteristics, answers can be given concerning both the manufacture as well as the origin of the stone. The research aims to examine, analyze and deepen the subject of production and use of white marble in Roman Thrace. The main domains of the research will be focused on both regional and long-distance trade in white marbles, which represented a significant economic-historical component in the Roman imperial period (1st-3rd centuries AD) in the region of Thrace.
The analytical methods applying to these samples include isotope analysis, chemical analysis (atomic absorption spectroscopy), fluid analysis (ion chromatography), ICP-MS, and petrographic microscopy. Statistical treatment for each sample is applied. The artifacts are compared with a database of 4000 quarry samples from locations known in antiquity. An overview of epigraphic and literary evidence is also taken into consideration, giving valuable information in the research.
Through investigation of the Thracian quarries and Roman architectural elements in the main urban centers in the region of Thrace, theories regarding marble trade and the cultural and technological transfer between the Roman world, Asia Minor and Thrace will be examined.
Evora University
24-26 August 2021
This study is focusing on the production and use of white marble in Roman Thrace and it is interdisciplinary research connecting the antiquity-directed disciplines of archaeology and Roman economic history with geology and the application-based analysis procedures of petrography and geochemistry.
Stone, and more specific marble, is one of the most permanent materials preserved during antiquity. By examining the working traces in combination with the geological characteristics, answers can be given concerning both the manufacture as well as the origin of the stone. The research aims to examine, analyze and deepen the subject of production and use of white marble in Roman Thrace. The main domains of the research will be focused on both regional and long-distance trade in white marbles, which represented a significant economic-historical component in the Roman imperial period (1st-3rd centuries AD) in the region of Thrace.
The analytical methods applying to these samples include isotope analysis, chemical analysis (atomic absorption spectroscopy), fluid analysis (ion chromatography), ICP-MS, and petrographic microscopy. Statistical treatment for each sample is applied. The artifacts are compared with a database of 4000 quarry samples from locations known in antiquity. An overview of epigraphic and literary evidence is also taken into consideration, giving valuable information in the research.
Through investigation of the Thracian quarries and Roman architectural elements in the main urban centers in the region of Thrace, theories regarding marble trade and the cultural and technological transfer between the Roman world, Asia Minor and Thrace will be examined.
Research Interests:
Autor: Anevlavi V.
14th - 17th of January 2021
14th - 17th of January 2021
Research Interests:
Authors: Panagiotopoulou K., Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V.
Athens, Greece
Athens, Greece
Research Interests: Archaeology and Education
In prehistory, people used to use the marble for religion purposes for example the Cycladic figurines, Early Bronze Age period, 3200-2200 BC, but not so often for architectural purposes. More systematically, marble was used from the... more
In prehistory, people used to use the marble for religion purposes for example the Cycladic figurines, Early Bronze Age period, 3200-2200 BC, but not so often for architectural purposes. More systematically, marble was used from the archaic period. Since that time we have the first evidence for ancient quarries in different places in Greece, more specifically in Cyclades (Paros, Naxos) and in Attica (Pentelikon). It is important to underline the use of Naxian marble – white and grey- in prehistory.
Research Interests:
Στόχος της ιστοσελίδας είναι η προβολή της κληρονομιάς του χωριού σε ψηφιακή μορφή (παραδόσεις, ιστορία, αρχαιολογία, φωτογραφίες, συντεταγμένες, κ.λπ.). Η "Ψηφιακή κληρονομιά των Μελάνων" αποσκοπεί στο να ενσωματώσει το μικρό παραδοσιακό... more
Στόχος της ιστοσελίδας είναι η προβολή της κληρονομιάς του χωριού σε ψηφιακή μορφή (παραδόσεις, ιστορία, αρχαιολογία, φωτογραφίες, συντεταγμένες, κ.λπ.). Η "Ψηφιακή κληρονομιά των Μελάνων" αποσκοπεί στο να ενσωματώσει το μικρό παραδοσιακό χωριό στον ψηφιακό κόσμο και να δημιουργήσει μια ψηφιακή μετάβαση προς την Ευρωπαϊκή και διεθνή κοινότητα. Παράλληλα, δίνει στον επισκέπτη τη δυνατότητα να γνωρίσει και να κατανοήσει τη σημασία του χωριού και των πολιτιστικών του μνημείων.
Αποτελεί μια ιδιωτική πρωτοβουλία που έχει ως στόχο την ανάδειξη του τόπου. Ο καλύτερος δυνατός τρόπος για την ενημέρωση του τοπικού και διεθνούς πληθυσμού. Η ιστοσελίδα είναι δίγλωσση (Ελληνικά, Αγγλικά) με μελλοντικά πλάνα ένταξης περισσότερων γλωσσών. Ενθάρρυνση για τη δημιουργία παρόμοιων έργων στην περιοχή της Νάξου.
Αποτελεί μια ιδιωτική πρωτοβουλία που έχει ως στόχο την ανάδειξη του τόπου. Ο καλύτερος δυνατός τρόπος για την ενημέρωση του τοπικού και διεθνούς πληθυσμού. Η ιστοσελίδα είναι δίγλωσση (Ελληνικά, Αγγλικά) με μελλοντικά πλάνα ένταξης περισσότερων γλωσσών. Ενθάρρυνση για τη δημιουργία παρόμοιων έργων στην περιοχή της Νάξου.
Research Interests:
Authors: Sideridis A., Anevlavi V., Jakobitsch. T., Hauzenberger C., Koutsovitis P., Aggelopoulou A.
Patras, Greece
17–19 October 2022
Patras, Greece
17–19 October 2022
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Andreeva P., Popov H. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Abstract The geographical location of the Strymon Valley represents a major crossroads of ancient roads that ensured the... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Andreeva P., Popov H. Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
The geographical location of the Strymon Valley represents a major
crossroads of ancient roads that ensured the connection between the
Aegean world and the Balkan hinterland, crossed the borders between
Roman Macedonia and Thrace, and constituted a link between East and
West, signed by the Via Egnatia in the southern area. Recent epigraphic
and literary studies have shown that the provincial boundaries had
mainly a political significance and were not associated with trade.
The analyses of 35 artefacts from the Regional History Museum
Blagoevgrad provide information about the trade network of this
region. These artefacts are made of white marble, dating from the
Roman period, and were found at various locations in the Strymon
region. The samples were analysed using various techniques, such as
petrography, stable isotopes, and chemical analysis.
The results of the analysis show that a large number of dolomitic
marble artefacts are made of Thasian and Sivec marble, while a smaller
number of objects are produced with marble from local sources. This
research shows that trade networks extended beyond provinces and
can be observed between neighbouring areas with no geographical
boundaries. The catalogue of the artefacts discussed in this paper
underlines the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the
study of ancient marble production, which combines economic history,
archaeology, and archaeometry.
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
The geographical location of the Strymon Valley represents a major
crossroads of ancient roads that ensured the connection between the
Aegean world and the Balkan hinterland, crossed the borders between
Roman Macedonia and Thrace, and constituted a link between East and
West, signed by the Via Egnatia in the southern area. Recent epigraphic
and literary studies have shown that the provincial boundaries had
mainly a political significance and were not associated with trade.
The analyses of 35 artefacts from the Regional History Museum
Blagoevgrad provide information about the trade network of this
region. These artefacts are made of white marble, dating from the
Roman period, and were found at various locations in the Strymon
region. The samples were analysed using various techniques, such as
petrography, stable isotopes, and chemical analysis.
The results of the analysis show that a large number of dolomitic
marble artefacts are made of Thasian and Sivec marble, while a smaller
number of objects are produced with marble from local sources. This
research shows that trade networks extended beyond provinces and
can be observed between neighbouring areas with no geographical
boundaries. The catalogue of the artefacts discussed in this paper
underlines the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the
study of ancient marble production, which combines economic history,
archaeology, and archaeometry.
Research Interests:
Authors: Georgiev P., Prochaska W., Ivanov I., Anevlavi V., Kabakchieva G., Ladstätter S., Popov H., Frerix B. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Abstract Villa Armira is the most sumptuous and the best-studied Roman villa in... more
Authors: Georgiev P., Prochaska W., Ivanov I., Anevlavi V., Kabakchieva G., Ladstätter S., Popov H., Frerix B.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
Villa Armira is the most sumptuous and the best-studied Roman villa in
present-day Bulgaria. Taking into account the extraordinary lavishness
and quality of its marble decoration, as well as the marble deposits that
exist in the region of modern Ivaylovgrad, a hypothesis is often put
forward in the scholarly publications that the richness of Villa Armira
is directly related to the local marble. Until now, no direct evidence has
been offered to support this hypothesis.
In 2018, the Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy
of Sciences and the National Archaeological Institute at the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences started a pilot project aimed to investigate
the marble objects from two Roman villas (Armira and Kasnakovo)
including the investigation of the local quarries. This initial research
led to the large-scale project Fingerprinting White Marbles: Quarries
and Cities of Roman Thrace, 1st–3rd c. AD (OFWF 033042). A central
place in it was reserved for the investigations of the sources of raw
materials (marbles and metals) in the microregion of Ivaylovgrad and
its surroundings. The team adopted a combined, interdisciplinary
approach by sampling archaeological materials and quarries in
combination with traditional field surveys.
Modern remote nondestructive methods were applied in the fieldwork.
ÖAI-ÖAW and NAIM-BAS funded an airborne laser scanning (LiDAR)
in the winter of 2020–2021. The surveyed polygons in the lands of
Ivaylovgrad, Kamilski Dol, and Valche Pole covered an area of more
than 40 km2. In the autumn of 2021 and the spring of 2022, campaigns
were organized to verify the information obtained from airborne laser
scanning. The terrain to the west of the villa is mountainous, often
covered with dense deciduous forests. For this reason, the preliminary
airborne laser scanning proved to be very successful and of high
efficiency. The subsequent prospection on the ground corroborated
the existence of numerous old quarries for gneiss and marble in the
mountains to the west of Villa Armira. Some of them yielded pottery
from the Roman Period. Due to the large scanned area (more than
40 km2), it was impossible to study it in detail within two short
campaigns. The work in the field will continue in order to broaden our
knowledge of the human activities in the Roman Period not only in the
immediate surroundings of the villa but also in its farther periphery.
The current studies of the region of Ivaylovgrad and Kamilski Dol
will confirm if these sources are among the important sources of raw
material for the marble industry of Roman Thrace.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
Villa Armira is the most sumptuous and the best-studied Roman villa in
present-day Bulgaria. Taking into account the extraordinary lavishness
and quality of its marble decoration, as well as the marble deposits that
exist in the region of modern Ivaylovgrad, a hypothesis is often put
forward in the scholarly publications that the richness of Villa Armira
is directly related to the local marble. Until now, no direct evidence has
been offered to support this hypothesis.
In 2018, the Austrian Archaeological Institute at the Austrian Academy
of Sciences and the National Archaeological Institute at the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences started a pilot project aimed to investigate
the marble objects from two Roman villas (Armira and Kasnakovo)
including the investigation of the local quarries. This initial research
led to the large-scale project Fingerprinting White Marbles: Quarries
and Cities of Roman Thrace, 1st–3rd c. AD (OFWF 033042). A central
place in it was reserved for the investigations of the sources of raw
materials (marbles and metals) in the microregion of Ivaylovgrad and
its surroundings. The team adopted a combined, interdisciplinary
approach by sampling archaeological materials and quarries in
combination with traditional field surveys.
Modern remote nondestructive methods were applied in the fieldwork.
ÖAI-ÖAW and NAIM-BAS funded an airborne laser scanning (LiDAR)
in the winter of 2020–2021. The surveyed polygons in the lands of
Ivaylovgrad, Kamilski Dol, and Valche Pole covered an area of more
than 40 km2. In the autumn of 2021 and the spring of 2022, campaigns
were organized to verify the information obtained from airborne laser
scanning. The terrain to the west of the villa is mountainous, often
covered with dense deciduous forests. For this reason, the preliminary
airborne laser scanning proved to be very successful and of high
efficiency. The subsequent prospection on the ground corroborated
the existence of numerous old quarries for gneiss and marble in the
mountains to the west of Villa Armira. Some of them yielded pottery
from the Roman Period. Due to the large scanned area (more than
40 km2), it was impossible to study it in detail within two short
campaigns. The work in the field will continue in order to broaden our
knowledge of the human activities in the Roman Period not only in the
immediate surroundings of the villa but also in its farther periphery.
The current studies of the region of Ivaylovgrad and Kamilski Dol
will confirm if these sources are among the important sources of raw
material for the marble industry of Roman Thrace.
Research Interests:
Authors: Sideridis A., Anevlavi V., Hauzenberger C., Koutsovitis P., Aggelopoulou A. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Abstract In recent years, research is increasingly focused on individual marble production centres of antiquity.... more
Authors: Sideridis A., Anevlavi V., Hauzenberger C., Koutsovitis P., Aggelopoulou A.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
In recent years, research is increasingly focused on individual
marble production centres of antiquity. However, the commercial
term »marble« oftentimes includes rocks with different origins than
that described by the geological term i.e. metamorphic carbonate
rocks. Tinos’ recent mining activity is focused on ophicalcites, yet
the abandoned ancient quarry of Ag. Georgios Ras (Ras) comprise
a unique type of serpentinite deprived of any carbonate minerals.
The site consists of two small-scale open pits facing north and south
respectively. Characteristic tool marks and grooves for the separation
of the stone from the parental one, as well as the holes for the insertion
of wedges were noticed. The Ras’ serpentinite is composed of two
serpentine varieties; the darkest is a massive dark-green coloured
serpentinite that is cross-cut by a light green serpentine network. Small
concentrations (< 1 %) of other minerals include: talc, chlorite and iron
oxides. Research on serpentinite provenance is rather limited and there
is a substantial lack of information and data. Therefore, this study is
an effort to enrich the present database using contemporary technics,
including EMPA, LA-ICP-MS to determine the chemical make-up of
the Ras serpentinite ancient quarry pit. The new geochemical data are
interpreted accordingly to depict the environment that these rocks
were formed, in other words, their unique chemical imprint that will
distinguish them from similar occurrences. Finally, this research helps
to shed light in the intriguing quarrying history of the Aegean islands.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
In recent years, research is increasingly focused on individual
marble production centres of antiquity. However, the commercial
term »marble« oftentimes includes rocks with different origins than
that described by the geological term i.e. metamorphic carbonate
rocks. Tinos’ recent mining activity is focused on ophicalcites, yet
the abandoned ancient quarry of Ag. Georgios Ras (Ras) comprise
a unique type of serpentinite deprived of any carbonate minerals.
The site consists of two small-scale open pits facing north and south
respectively. Characteristic tool marks and grooves for the separation
of the stone from the parental one, as well as the holes for the insertion
of wedges were noticed. The Ras’ serpentinite is composed of two
serpentine varieties; the darkest is a massive dark-green coloured
serpentinite that is cross-cut by a light green serpentine network. Small
concentrations (< 1 %) of other minerals include: talc, chlorite and iron
oxides. Research on serpentinite provenance is rather limited and there
is a substantial lack of information and data. Therefore, this study is
an effort to enrich the present database using contemporary technics,
including EMPA, LA-ICP-MS to determine the chemical make-up of
the Ras serpentinite ancient quarry pit. The new geochemical data are
interpreted accordingly to depict the environment that these rocks
were formed, in other words, their unique chemical imprint that will
distinguish them from similar occurrences. Finally, this research helps
to shed light in the intriguing quarrying history of the Aegean islands.
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V., Panagiotopoulou A. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 By treating education as the mechanism which communicates with the past and at the same time connects the daily reality of students, we designed... more
Authors: Anevlavis E., Anevlavi V., Panagiotopoulou A.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
By treating education as the mechanism which communicates with
the past and at the same time connects the daily reality of students,
we designed an educational programme focused on the local
history of Naxos Island, Greece. The design of a learning process in
an interdisciplinary context with the use of play aims at the active
involvement of children, at the development of their way of thinking
and acting, at the development of skills that concern their wholeness.
This work is based on the view that knowledge and learning are the
result of a collaborative process and interaction of participants. Through
a game that rotates between reality and fantasy, students explore the
marble past of Naxos and meet Kouros of the Archaic era.
A combination of different characters designed for each day will help
the students travel through history and learn. Mysterious letters arrive
in the classroom which encourages them to become researchers by
searching the past. The interdisciplinary approach of the educational
programme invites and challenges the children to elaborate the condition
by positively combining the history, art, geography, mathematics and
archaeology of the island. The programme will focus on the marble as
a material, in combination with other parameters such as trade, tool
marks and tools, workshops, sculptures, preservation and conservation
of marble and heritage. The programme, with correct adjustments, can
be presented to various school levels as well as adults.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
By treating education as the mechanism which communicates with
the past and at the same time connects the daily reality of students,
we designed an educational programme focused on the local
history of Naxos Island, Greece. The design of a learning process in
an interdisciplinary context with the use of play aims at the active
involvement of children, at the development of their way of thinking
and acting, at the development of skills that concern their wholeness.
This work is based on the view that knowledge and learning are the
result of a collaborative process and interaction of participants. Through
a game that rotates between reality and fantasy, students explore the
marble past of Naxos and meet Kouros of the Archaic era.
A combination of different characters designed for each day will help
the students travel through history and learn. Mysterious letters arrive
in the classroom which encourages them to become researchers by
searching the past. The interdisciplinary approach of the educational
programme invites and challenges the children to elaborate the condition
by positively combining the history, art, geography, mathematics and
archaeology of the island. The programme will focus on the marble as
a material, in combination with other parameters such as trade, tool
marks and tools, workshops, sculptures, preservation and conservation
of marble and heritage. The programme, with correct adjustments, can
be presented to various school levels as well as adults.
Research Interests:
Authors: Delli G., Tenczar W., Anevlavi V. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Abstract On the eastern Aegean lies the island of Samos, mostly known for its ancient wealth and power. The centre of the island was the city of Samos,... more
Authors: Delli G., Tenczar W., Anevlavi V.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
On the eastern Aegean lies the island of Samos, mostly known for
its ancient wealth and power. The centre of the island was the city of
Samos, nowadays known as Pythagoreion. The current study focuses
on the macroscopic observations of re-used material in the 7th c. AD
basilica in the byzantine castle of Pythagoreion.
The church was built after the destructive attack of Arabs in 665/6 using
salvaged material from the city. The research is mainly focused on the
coloured material of the coloured stones, especially the columns of the
central aisle, which indicate diverse origins. Part of the coloured material
can be either found in situ within basilicas peristyle or scattered around
the castle ground. Excavations revealed that the basilica was built on
top of a Hellenistic-Roman villa that may have been used by Emperor
Augustus. Material from Asia Minor: Euromos and Iasos quarries
indicate the wealth and extensive trade network between Pythagoreion
other cities of the region. This material cannot be found in any other
Byzantine church on the island of Samos.
These aspects are part of the preliminary material studies of the basilica.
Future analyses could specify not only the origin of the coloured material
but also white marbles. The pioneering research conducted during this
study in combination with further mortar study of the monument will
shed light on the history of the building as well as the general area.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Abstract
On the eastern Aegean lies the island of Samos, mostly known for
its ancient wealth and power. The centre of the island was the city of
Samos, nowadays known as Pythagoreion. The current study focuses
on the macroscopic observations of re-used material in the 7th c. AD
basilica in the byzantine castle of Pythagoreion.
The church was built after the destructive attack of Arabs in 665/6 using
salvaged material from the city. The research is mainly focused on the
coloured material of the coloured stones, especially the columns of the
central aisle, which indicate diverse origins. Part of the coloured material
can be either found in situ within basilicas peristyle or scattered around
the castle ground. Excavations revealed that the basilica was built on
top of a Hellenistic-Roman villa that may have been used by Emperor
Augustus. Material from Asia Minor: Euromos and Iasos quarries
indicate the wealth and extensive trade network between Pythagoreion
other cities of the region. This material cannot be found in any other
Byzantine church on the island of Samos.
These aspects are part of the preliminary material studies of the basilica.
Future analyses could specify not only the origin of the coloured material
but also white marbles. The pioneering research conducted during this
study in combination with further mortar study of the monument will
shed light on the history of the building as well as the general area.
Research Interests:
Authors: Dirican M., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Erdoğu B., Çevik Ö. Vienna, Austria 19–24 September 2022 Marble is probably a symbolically important stone for prehistoric people due to its brightness, patterns, colour,... more
Authors: Dirican M., Anevlavi V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S., Erdoğu B., Çevik Ö.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Marble is probably a symbolically important stone for prehistoric
people due to its brightness, patterns, colour, homogeneity, and
durability. Likely, the symbolic value of small marble objects such as bracelets, beads, and stone bowls would have become more diverse in
prehistoric lifeways, leading to its increased symbolic as well as practical
importance. In western Anatolia, especially marble bracelets appear
for the first time around 5600/5500 BC. This period shows significant
changes both in the material aspects of cultural and social life itself.
Besides in Ulucak Höyük and Uğurlu Höyük, similar small artefacts
were also found in Orman Fidanlığı and Kanlıtaş in Eskişehir, Çine
Tepecik in Aydın, Emporio and Agio Gala in Chios and Aktopraklık
in Bursa. Their distribution in a wider region may indicate that their
symbolic meaning was shared by the 6th–5th millennium communities
in western Anatolia. Some sites appear to have played an important role
in their distribution in western Anatolia as shown by the manufacturing
remains of marble bracelets from Kanlıtaş and Orman Fidanlığı in the
Eskişehir region. The Kulaksızlar Marble Workshop is the only known
workshop in western Anatolia dated to the 5th millennium BC, where
marble vessels as well as various types of figurines, including Kilia
figurines, were produced. Although the Kulaksızlar workshop dates
later than the marble bracelets from Ulucak and Uğurlu, the Manisa-
Akhisar region with its rich marble sources may still have been the
origin of the marble artefacts.
Marble bracelets and other small artefacts might be introduced into
the regional exchange system not as a commodity, but as a prestige
good used for signalling social identity, position or relationships.
The objective is to understand the exchange systems of the 6th-5thmillennium western Anatolian communities in the light of Ulucak and Uğurlu marble artefacts. This poster aims to briefly introduce marble
bracelets and small marble artefacts from Ulucak and Uğurlu and to
evaluate the preliminary results of their provenance analysis in light of
the new data.
Vienna, Austria
19–24 September 2022
Marble is probably a symbolically important stone for prehistoric
people due to its brightness, patterns, colour, homogeneity, and
durability. Likely, the symbolic value of small marble objects such as bracelets, beads, and stone bowls would have become more diverse in
prehistoric lifeways, leading to its increased symbolic as well as practical
importance. In western Anatolia, especially marble bracelets appear
for the first time around 5600/5500 BC. This period shows significant
changes both in the material aspects of cultural and social life itself.
Besides in Ulucak Höyük and Uğurlu Höyük, similar small artefacts
were also found in Orman Fidanlığı and Kanlıtaş in Eskişehir, Çine
Tepecik in Aydın, Emporio and Agio Gala in Chios and Aktopraklık
in Bursa. Their distribution in a wider region may indicate that their
symbolic meaning was shared by the 6th–5th millennium communities
in western Anatolia. Some sites appear to have played an important role
in their distribution in western Anatolia as shown by the manufacturing
remains of marble bracelets from Kanlıtaş and Orman Fidanlığı in the
Eskişehir region. The Kulaksızlar Marble Workshop is the only known
workshop in western Anatolia dated to the 5th millennium BC, where
marble vessels as well as various types of figurines, including Kilia
figurines, were produced. Although the Kulaksızlar workshop dates
later than the marble bracelets from Ulucak and Uğurlu, the Manisa-
Akhisar region with its rich marble sources may still have been the
origin of the marble artefacts.
Marble bracelets and other small artefacts might be introduced into
the regional exchange system not as a commodity, but as a prestige
good used for signalling social identity, position or relationships.
The objective is to understand the exchange systems of the 6th-5thmillennium western Anatolian communities in the light of Ulucak and Uğurlu marble artefacts. This poster aims to briefly introduce marble
bracelets and small marble artefacts from Ulucak and Uğurlu and to
evaluate the preliminary results of their provenance analysis in light of
the new data.
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi, V., Ladstätter, S., Prochaska, W., Fragnoli, P., Schwaiger, H., Boccalon, E., Burkhart, K., D´Anna, M. B. 23 September 2022 In the wake of phenomenology and postcolonial studies from the 1970s onwards, objects were... more
Authors: Anevlavi, V., Ladstätter, S., Prochaska, W., Fragnoli, P., Schwaiger, H., Boccalon, E., Burkhart, K., D´Anna, M. B.
23 September 2022
In the wake of phenomenology and postcolonial studies from the 1970s onwards, objects were considered as having a biography. As people, things can be considered to follow a life cycle (birth, maturity, death). This differentiation of phases in an object's life manifests through changes in its form, surface features, spatial location, and context, over time and space. Widely used and re-used until today marble objects help us explore the potential of life-cycle approaches. Marble is used as a medium for a form of expression and a way to record history, culture, civilization, and worship, providing insight into the social and economic status of individual communities. Quarry studies The quarries are the primary contexts of marble objects' life cycle. Studying the tool marks, the waste, and the unfished objects at a quarry gives important information on the ancient extraction, technologies, organization, and manufacturing process. Important marble quarries can be found in the southern parts of the Alpine region in Austria, where the primary sources of the Roman marble supply for the areas of Noricum and Pannonia can be found (e.g. Gummern, Treffen, or the Slovenian Pohorje/Bachern marble).
23 September 2022
In the wake of phenomenology and postcolonial studies from the 1970s onwards, objects were considered as having a biography. As people, things can be considered to follow a life cycle (birth, maturity, death). This differentiation of phases in an object's life manifests through changes in its form, surface features, spatial location, and context, over time and space. Widely used and re-used until today marble objects help us explore the potential of life-cycle approaches. Marble is used as a medium for a form of expression and a way to record history, culture, civilization, and worship, providing insight into the social and economic status of individual communities. Quarry studies The quarries are the primary contexts of marble objects' life cycle. Studying the tool marks, the waste, and the unfished objects at a quarry gives important information on the ancient extraction, technologies, organization, and manufacturing process. Important marble quarries can be found in the southern parts of the Alpine region in Austria, where the primary sources of the Roman marble supply for the areas of Noricum and Pannonia can be found (e.g. Gummern, Treffen, or the Slovenian Pohorje/Bachern marble).
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Roman History, Geoarchaeology, Cultural Heritage, and 11 moreHeritage Studies, Conservation, Archaeometry, Roman Marble trade and distribution, Marbles, Marble Provenance, Roman Marble Quarries, Stone, The Use of Marble and Other Stones, Ancient Roman Marbles, and Roman Archaeology
Authors: Fragnoli, P., Ladstätter, S., D´Anna, M. B., Anevlavi, V., Bade, R., Boccalon, E.
3rd Heritage Science Austria, Vienna, Austria
23 September 2023
3rd Heritage Science Austria, Vienna, Austria
23 September 2023
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter S., Prochaska W. University of Lisbon 16th-20th May 2022 This research presents the results of the investigations on the origin and on the types of marbles used in the architecture of the façade of the... more
Authors: Anevlavi V., Ladstätter S., Prochaska W.
University of Lisbon
16th-20th May 2022
This research presents the results of the investigations on the origin and on the types of marbles used in the architecture of the façade of the so-called Domitian Temple in Ephesos, Asia Minor. The temple is located at the western end of the Upper Agora and was dedicated to the Flavian dynasty and erected under the reign of Domitian (89/90 AD). The façade is composed of three zones and decorated with reliefs, depicting barbarians and allegories. Shortly after the excavation in the 1960ies a partial re-erection (anastylosis) took place by using elements, which were attributed to the building without beforehand scientific proof. Recent archaeological investigations give rise to doubt the proposed composition.
One of the main questions referring to this construction program is if the building material was extracted from one main marble source or if other marble sources and quarries were used for that building. Especially high prestigious ventures like imperial projects were built from one hand and usually no spolia were used. There are many examples for this practice in Ephesos in the 1st and 2nd century. In the course of the current project practically all types of decorated architecture of the façade were investigated and samples were taken from decorated pillars, architraves, friezes, orthostates, doors, staircases, foundation blocks etc.
The methods applied the characterization of the different types of marbles and to pinpoint their origin were petrographic investigations, chemical and isotopic analyses and chemical analyses of inclusion fluids and extractable salts (crush-leach analyses) of the marbles. The results showed that different types of marbles can be detected in the present anastylosis. Most frequently Ephesos I marble was used, but there also occur, in a not systematic assemblage, Ephesos II and prokonnesian marbles. The marble analyses therefor reinforce the reasonable doubts on the correctness of the reconstruction.
University of Lisbon
16th-20th May 2022
This research presents the results of the investigations on the origin and on the types of marbles used in the architecture of the façade of the so-called Domitian Temple in Ephesos, Asia Minor. The temple is located at the western end of the Upper Agora and was dedicated to the Flavian dynasty and erected under the reign of Domitian (89/90 AD). The façade is composed of three zones and decorated with reliefs, depicting barbarians and allegories. Shortly after the excavation in the 1960ies a partial re-erection (anastylosis) took place by using elements, which were attributed to the building without beforehand scientific proof. Recent archaeological investigations give rise to doubt the proposed composition.
One of the main questions referring to this construction program is if the building material was extracted from one main marble source or if other marble sources and quarries were used for that building. Especially high prestigious ventures like imperial projects were built from one hand and usually no spolia were used. There are many examples for this practice in Ephesos in the 1st and 2nd century. In the course of the current project practically all types of decorated architecture of the façade were investigated and samples were taken from decorated pillars, architraves, friezes, orthostates, doors, staircases, foundation blocks etc.
The methods applied the characterization of the different types of marbles and to pinpoint their origin were petrographic investigations, chemical and isotopic analyses and chemical analyses of inclusion fluids and extractable salts (crush-leach analyses) of the marbles. The results showed that different types of marbles can be detected in the present anastylosis. Most frequently Ephesos I marble was used, but there also occur, in a not systematic assemblage, Ephesos II and prokonnesian marbles. The marble analyses therefor reinforce the reasonable doubts on the correctness of the reconstruction.
Research Interests:
Authors: Anevlavi V., Cenati C., Katsarova V., Prochaska W., Ladstätter S.
Jahrestagung 2019
11-14/9/2019
Jahrestagung 2019
11-14/9/2019
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Guest Lecture at the Archaeological Department of Archaeology, Univerza v Ljubljani
Research Interests:
Guest presentation - May 2023
Research Interests:
Guest presentation
Course: New Technologies in Archaeology
April 2023
Course: New Technologies in Archaeology
April 2023
Research Interests:
Guest presentation: Archaeology Seminar
April 2023
April 2023
Research Interests:
Guest presentation
Course: Μάρμαρα και Αδρανή Υλικά
20 March 2023
Course: Μάρμαρα και Αδρανή Υλικά
20 March 2023
Research Interests:
Heritage Science Café, Vienna, Austria
3 November 2022
3 November 2022
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V.
Sofia, Bulgaria
27th September 2021
Sofia, Bulgaria
27th September 2021
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V.
University of Patras, Geology Department
13th of January 2021
University of Patras, Geology Department
13th of January 2021
Research Interests:
Author: Anevlavi V.
Master Course: Lecturer Dr Pamela Fragnoli
Universität Wien
Winter semester 2020.
Master Course: Lecturer Dr Pamela Fragnoli
Universität Wien
Winter semester 2020.
Research Interests:
Topics Sessions Applications to Specific Archaeological Questions – Use of Marble Provenance Identification I: Marble Provenance Identification II: Other Stones . Advances in Provenance Techniques,... more
Topics
Sessions
Applications to Specific Archaeological Questions – Use of Marble
Provenance Identification I: Marble
Provenance Identification II: Other Stones
.
Advances in Provenance Techniques, Methodologies and Databases
Quarries and Geology (Quarrying Techniques, Organization, Transport of Stones, New Quarries, Stone Carving and Dressing, Hazards to and Preservation of Quarries)
Stone Properties, Weathering Effects and Restoration, as related to diagnosis problems, matching of stone fragments and authenticity
Pigments and Paintings on Marble
Special Theme Session:
»Production and trade of marble and other stones in the Alpine and Danube provinces – regional resources and Mediterranean imports«
Poster Session I:
Applications to Specific Archaeological Questions, Provenance Identification I and II, Advances in Provenance Techniques, Methodologies and Databases
Poster Session II:
Quarries and Geology, Stone Properties, Weathering Effects and Restoration, Pigments and Paintings on Marble, Special Theme Session
Sessions
Applications to Specific Archaeological Questions – Use of Marble
Provenance Identification I: Marble
Provenance Identification II: Other Stones
.
Advances in Provenance Techniques, Methodologies and Databases
Quarries and Geology (Quarrying Techniques, Organization, Transport of Stones, New Quarries, Stone Carving and Dressing, Hazards to and Preservation of Quarries)
Stone Properties, Weathering Effects and Restoration, as related to diagnosis problems, matching of stone fragments and authenticity
Pigments and Paintings on Marble
Special Theme Session:
»Production and trade of marble and other stones in the Alpine and Danube provinces – regional resources and Mediterranean imports«
Poster Session I:
Applications to Specific Archaeological Questions, Provenance Identification I and II, Advances in Provenance Techniques, Methodologies and Databases
Poster Session II:
Quarries and Geology, Stone Properties, Weathering Effects and Restoration, Pigments and Paintings on Marble, Special Theme Session
Research Interests:
Abstract submission and registration is now open at yrarchaeometry.weebly.com. Deadline for abstract submission is July, 3rd. The workshop will be completely online in response to the large interest from outside Europe last year.... more
Abstract submission and registration is now open at yrarchaeometry.weebly.com. Deadline for abstract submission is July, 3rd. The workshop will be completely online in response to the large interest from outside Europe last year. Participance is free.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Archaeobotany, Cultural Heritage, Pottery (Archaeology), and 10 moreConservation, Archaeological Science, Archaeozoology, Cultural Heritage Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Archaeometry, Physical Anthropology, Archaeometallurgy, Archaeological Chemistry, and Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
In collaboration with the Department of Geology and Geoenvironment of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aix – Marseille University, and the University of Trieste.
Supervisor: Niki Evelpidou
Supervisor: Niki Evelpidou
Research Interests:
The Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory for Archaeological Science The American School of Classical Studies at Athens Supervisors: Takis Karkanas and Paul Goldberg Topic: Field observations, on-site laboratory analysis, study and analysis of... more
The Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory for Archaeological Science
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Supervisors: Takis Karkanas and Paul Goldberg
Topic: Field observations, on-site laboratory analysis, study and analysis of archaeological sediments and deposits, recording of stratigraphy, and the understanding of site formation processes.
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Supervisors: Takis Karkanas and Paul Goldberg
Topic: Field observations, on-site laboratory analysis, study and analysis of archaeological sediments and deposits, recording of stratigraphy, and the understanding of site formation processes.