Jong R Kim
Nazarbayev University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Member
Understanding the link between the energy-efficiency of buildings and climatic conditions can improve the design of energy-efficient housing. Due to global climate change and growing requirements for building energy-efficiency, the number... more
Understanding the link between the energy-efficiency of buildings and climatic conditions can improve the design of energy-efficient housing. Due to global climate change and growing requirements for building energy-efficiency, the number of publications on climate zoning for buildings has grown over the last 20 years. This review attempted to give the reader an up-to-date assessment of the scientific literature in the field of climate mapping for buildings on a global and national scale, filling in the gaps of previous works and focusing on details that were not presented before. There were 105 scientific sources examined. The most dominant climate zoning variables were thoroughly analyzed. A clear categorization of climate zoning methods with specific criteria was shown. The most used methods were evaluated, emphasizing their similarities and differences, as well as their essential components and advantages. The main literature review was supported with bibliometric and bibliograp...
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Nowadays, the residential sector of Kazakhstan accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the energy estimation model for residential buildings in Kazakhstan so as to reduce energy... more
Nowadays, the residential sector of Kazakhstan accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the energy estimation model for residential buildings in Kazakhstan so as to reduce energy consumption. This research is aimed to develop the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) based Building Energy Simulation Model (BESM) for the reduction of energy consumption through the envelope of residential buildings in seven cities of Kazakhstan. A brute force optimization method was adopted to obtain the optimal envelope configuration varying window-to-wall ratio (WWR), the angle of a pitched roof, the depth of the overhang shading system, the thermal conductivity, and the thicknesses of wall composition materials. In addition, orientation-related analyses of the optimized cases were conducted. Finally, the economic evaluation of the base and optimized cases were presented. The results showed that an average energy reduction for heating was 6156.8 k...
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Southern and southeastern Kazakhstan is a region of intraplate seismicity characterized by several destructive earthquakes. Almaty, the largest metropolis in this region, has many structures with different construction materials and... more
Southern and southeastern Kazakhstan is a region of intraplate seismicity characterized by several destructive earthquakes. Almaty, the largest metropolis in this region, has many structures with different construction materials and seismic-resistant systems. Among them, residential buildings constructed in the Soviet Union era (before the 1990s) may possess low seismic resisting capacities due to limited seismic design and detailing provisions. Therefore, it is essential to assess seismic risks for these buildings. This paper collected information from a government agency (i.e., KazNIISA), including construction materials, lateral force-resisting systems, and structural ductility capacities for residential buildings constructed in this era. These buildings were then categorized in terms of their seismic vulnerabilities following the European Macro-seismic Scale (EMS-98). Vulnerability curves and probability of damages were developed under different earthquake intensities and peak g...
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Data-driven models with some evolutionary optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs, have in recent times been validated as one of the... more
Data-driven models with some evolutionary optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs, have in recent times been validated as one of the best-performing machine learning algorithms. Log data from well-logging tools and physics-driven models is difficult to collate and model to enhance decision-making processes. The study sought to train, test, and validate synthetic data emanating from CMG’s numerically propped fracture morphology modeling to support and enhance productive hydrocarbon production and recovery. This data-driven numerical model was investigated for efficient hydraulic-induced fracturing by using machine learning, gradient descent, and adaptive optimizers. While satiating research curiosities, the online predictive analysis was conducted using the Google TensorFlow tool with the Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), focusing on linear and non-linear neural network regressions. ...
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In the common practice of geotechnical design, the state of soil is considered fully saturated, while recent examples show the importance of the consideration of unsaturated conditions as well due to the location of the groundwater table... more
In the common practice of geotechnical design, the state of soil is considered fully saturated, while recent examples show the importance of the consideration of unsaturated conditions as well due to the location of the groundwater table at deeper levels. However, it is problematic to design a foundation and calculate bearing capacity as the internal stress in unsaturated conditions needs to be quantified. The mechanics of unsaturated soils are critical in geotechnical engineering, especially when the case of the foundation design is required. This study aims to investigate the influence of suction on the shaft capacity of pile foundations based on the data obtained from in situ and laboratory testing. The three modified methods (i.e., modified α, β, and λ) were implemented in this study in order to calculate the shaft capacity of the pile foundation incorporating unsaturated soil mechanics principles. In addition, the effect of varying matric suction on shaft capacity was discussed...
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Landfill leachate, especially when produced in old municipal solid waste landfills, is a challenging type of wastewater which contains a variety of toxic substances. The existence of pollutants in the landfill leachate is primarily due to... more
Landfill leachate, especially when produced in old municipal solid waste landfills, is a challenging type of wastewater which contains a variety of toxic substances. The existence of pollutants in the landfill leachate is primarily due to inadequate solid waste separation at the source. Pretreatment on site is a must for the landfill leachate to be safely released into the environment. One-step treatment is insufficient since landfill leachate has a complex composition that spatially and temporally varies. Often, the landfill leachate and municipal wastewater are treated together. Biological treatment is a routine technique which is applied to landfill leachate less than five years old. The concentration of easily biodegradable organic matter in the young landfill leachate declines with time and, as a result, the application of physical and chemical treatment processes is required. The goal of the current work is to investigate the usefulness and capability of the most efficient and...
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Many reclaimed areas in Indonesia have abandoned swampland or idle land which is attributed to various factors. One of the main factors is the unsuitability of the exiting flow system in this area since the condition of the canals and... more
Many reclaimed areas in Indonesia have abandoned swampland or idle land which is attributed to various factors. One of the main factors is the unsuitability of the exiting flow system in this area since the condition of the canals and water structures in this area has not been rehabilitated for a long time. No study has been carried out to investigate the suitable model for simulating the appropriate criteria for assessment of erosion within the channel on Tidal lowland in Indonesia. This study focuses on the investigation of erosion occurring within the Rural Channel and Main Drainage Channel on Tidal lowland in Palembang, Indonesia which becomes the originality of this manuscript. The erosion was attributed to the accumulation of sediment transport within the channel of the reclaimed tidal delta region Telang I. The results of the research on the P8-13S scheme show that equilibrium on the accumulation of sediment transport in the channel was observed in the Rural Channel and Main ...
Research Interests: Geology, Fluids, Erosion, Sediment transport, Delta, and 4 moreSediment, Sedimentation, Drainage, and Sediment Transport
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Background: The aim of the study is to model the corneal dynamic deformation under an air puff excitation. The deformation response of the cornea was modeled by using linear and nonlinear viscoelastic models. The corneal deformation... more
Background: The aim of the study is to model the corneal dynamic deformation under an air puff excitation. The deformation response of the cornea was modeled by using linear and nonlinear viscoelastic models. The corneal deformation responses generated from the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic model were correlated with the clinical results, which were obtained from Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Tonometer (Corvis ST) to evaluate the comparable biomechanical parameters of the cornea. Methods: A prompt deformation occurs when the external force applied to the cornea. Then a continuous deformation follows. A simple mass, spring and dashpot system were used to model human eyeball. Results: In linear viscoelastic model, the corneal elastic stiffness commanded behavior of the corneal deformation and its maximum, when the viscous component affected for its lateral shifting and marginally alter the magnitude.Whereas, in the nonlinear viscoelastic model, the corneal material nonlinearity co...
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The design of shallow foundations is performed in accordance with different building regulations depending on geotechnical and geological conditions. This paper involves the design calculations applying Kazakhstani and European... more
The design of shallow foundations is performed in accordance with different building regulations depending on geotechnical and geological conditions. This paper involves the design calculations applying Kazakhstani and European approaches. The design of shallow foundations in Nur-Sultan city in Kazakhstan was implemented by the calculation of bearing capacity and elastic settlement in accordance with the design procedures provided in SP RK 5.01-102-2013: Foundations of buildings and structures, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design. The calculated results of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for two types of shallow foundations, such as pad foundation and strip foundation, adhering to Kazakhstani and European approaches are relatively comparable. However, the European approach provided higher values of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for the designed shallow foundation compared to the Kazakhstani approach. The difference in the results is explained by the application of ...
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It is common to increase road capacity by constructing ring roads to reduce traffic congestion in city areas, although this is often found to be ineffective in the long run. Accordingly, this study investigates various traffic congestion... more
It is common to increase road capacity by constructing ring roads to reduce traffic congestion in city areas, although this is often found to be ineffective in the long run. Accordingly, this study investigates various traffic congestion management approaches and their effectiveness in major cities, and explores an identical transport problem in Almaty, Kazakhstan: The Big Almaty Ring Road (BAKAD). Several case examples from the existing literature are examined in which various approaches were taken for managing traffic congestion problems, and these approaches are classified into three concepts. The first concept comprises heavy engineering measures such as ring road development, new road construction, expansion of existing roads, etc. Such measures can initially reduce traffic congestion, but often become ineffective with time due to the generation of induced traffic. Many cities have taken Push and Pull measures that ensure more efficient use of existing capacity and have initiat...
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Due to the increased demands of adapting the sustainability concept in the construction industry, many researchers have developed and evaluated the composite materials made with agricultural by-products, such as straws, fruit-shells, and... more
Due to the increased demands of adapting the sustainability concept in the construction industry, many researchers have developed and evaluated the composite materials made with agricultural by-products, such as straws, fruit-shells, and cobs, as construction materials. Because no research work has been reported regarding the incorporation of common reed fiber (CRF) into a concrete composite to produce the green and sustainable concrete, this research has focused on the evaluation of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of mortar mixture containing CRF regarding density, porosity, compressive and flexural strengths, and thermal conductivity. In total, six mixtures with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% CRF; 0.5% steel fiber (SF); and the combination of 6% CRF and 0.5% SF were prepared. Based on the experimental outputs, a simple analysis of heat loss was also been performed. The test results presented that the incorporation of CRF into mortar mixture proportionally reduced its unit weight ...
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Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a newly emerging concrete material that is being used for various applications where high-strength concrete is required. RPC is obtained by removing coarse aggregates and adding fine powders such as... more
Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a newly emerging concrete material that is being used for various applications where high-strength concrete is required. RPC is obtained by removing coarse aggregates and adding fine powders such as silica fume into the concrete mixture. This research has focused on the proportioning and characterization of RPC mixture to be used as a material for energy storage pile application. For mixture parameters, the water-to-binder ratio (WB), silica fume (SF) content, and normal and warm temperature curing have been selected. The relative flowability, penetration resistance, setting time, drying shrinkage, and compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated. Based on the test results, the mixture with WB = 0.22 and SF = 20% was the best mixture with the highest tensile strength and other characteristics. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments and find the optimum mixture proportions to achieve the highest compressive strengt...
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The objectives of the research program were to: (1) Define asphalt-rubber interactions; (2) Conduct a preliminary assessment of both laboratory tests and the resulting mixture properties of crumb rubber modified bituminous (CRM) mixtures;... more
The objectives of the research program were to: (1) Define asphalt-rubber interactions; (2) Conduct a preliminary assessment of both laboratory tests and the resulting mixture properties of crumb rubber modified bituminous (CRM) mixtures; (3) Evaluate both the fundamental properties and field performance of CRM mixtures.
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Since 2015 the transition from the traditional seismic design regulation to the newly developed code of practice has been initiated in Kazakhstan. The introduced regulatory system involves the application of the European approach for the... more
Since 2015 the transition from the traditional seismic design regulation to the newly developed code of practice has been initiated in Kazakhstan. The introduced regulatory system involves the application of the European approach for the seismic design of buildings and structures on the territory of Kazakhstan. This study aims to present a comparative analysis of seismic design codes applied in Kazakhstan (i.e., SP RK 5.01-102-2013* Foundations of Buildings and Structures and SP RK 2.03-30-2017* Construction in Seismic Regions) and SP RK EN 1998-5:2004/2012 Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, identical to Eurocode 8 (EC8). One of the critical aspects of the research investigates the difficulties of integrating European design standards into the local regulatory system. The necessity of applying the European approach considering the geotechnical features of the country provided in the National Annex (NA) is defined and proved. The designed codes of practice are also compa...
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The problem of weak ground conditions is currently of great interest, as with the rapid development of infrastructure, researchers are trying to cope with the improvement of problematic soil properties to build structures on it. In cold... more
The problem of weak ground conditions is currently of great interest, as with the rapid development of infrastructure, researchers are trying to cope with the improvement of problematic soil properties to build structures on it. In cold regions, the problem of weak soils is further exacerbated by freeze–thaw cycling. For the improvement of soil properties, the soil stabilization method using ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is commonly applied, but it produces a significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to present laboratory testing results for the evaluation of soil treatment using Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement that has a lesser carbon footprint. On stabilized soil specimens cured for 3, 7, and 14 days and subjected to freeze–thaw cycles, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing were performed. Samples were prepared at optimum moisture content using different cement content, 3%, 5%, ...
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Like many other countries, the presence of wasteful activities is very common in Kazakhstan’s construction industry. This severely affects the productivity of construction processes. Lean methodology maximizes the value of a process by... more
Like many other countries, the presence of wasteful activities is very common in Kazakhstan’s construction industry. This severely affects the productivity of construction processes. Lean methodology maximizes the value of a process by minimizing wasteful or non-value adding (NVA) activities. This study aims to explore and quantify the impact NVA items on construction productivity. Several observations were made for construction processes in Astana, Kazakhstan to investigate and quantify various types of wasteful activities. Moreover, a survey was conducted to examine the general understanding of wasteful activities and Lean methods within the construction industry in Kazakhstan. In terms of wasteful activities, a similarity was found between the observed construction processes and survey results. Furthermore, apart from the commonly found seven types of wasteful activities, some other sources of waste, such as “preparation” and “break”, were found from the observations. Finally, wa...
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Analytical solutions describing free transverse vibrations with large amplitude of axially loaded Euler–Bernoulli beams for various end restrains resting on a Winkler one-parameter foundation are obtained using the Adomian modified... more
Analytical solutions describing free transverse vibrations with large amplitude of axially loaded Euler–Bernoulli beams for various end restrains resting on a Winkler one-parameter foundation are obtained using the Adomian modified decomposition method (AMDM). The AMDM allows the governing equation to become a recursive algebraic equation, and, after some additional simple mathematical operations, the equations can be cast as an eigenvector problem whose solution results in the calculation of natural frequencies and corresponding closed-form series solution of the mode shapes. Important to the use of the Adomian modified decomposition method is the treatment of the nonlinear Fredholm integral coefficient, which forms part of the governing equation. In addition to the calculation of natural frequencies and mode shapes, investigations are made of the effects on the free vibrations of the Winkler parameter and of increasing the axial loading.
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To accommodate growing demands on either heavy steel structures or unique buildings with irregular configurations, built-up wide-flange steel (BWS) beams are being popularly used in modern steel construction. In current fabrication... more
To accommodate growing demands on either heavy steel structures or unique buildings with irregular configurations, built-up wide-flange steel (BWS) beams are being popularly used in modern steel construction. In current fabrication practices of BWS members, high-performance steels produced in steelmaking factories under the thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) are typically utilized to achieve proper welding performances. However, since its basic unit price is quite higher than typical hot-rolled steel materials, this study introduced a hybrid BWS section for cost saving with no performance degradation, where high-performance TMCP steel was used in flanges, and conventional hot-rolled steel was adopted in web plate. To verify the tensile performances of a hybrid BWS section with non-uniform properties, split T tension and Charpy impact tests were conducted, and flexural tests were also carried out on hybrid and homogeneous BWS beam members. On this basis, it was confirmed that t...
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A new method of stability evaluation of the stage-constructed embankment on soft ground using stress path is developed and presented in this paper. A series of CU tests was carried out to develop the new method to evaluate the stability... more
A new method of stability evaluation of the stage-constructed embankment on soft ground using stress path is developed and presented in this paper. A series of CU tests was carried out to develop the new method to evaluate the stability of soft ground. A new concept of stability index (SI) is defined with stress path. The effective stress path (ESP) line approaches to the Kf line gradually along the same direction to a certain point, then the direction changes and approaches to the Kf line rapidly. The potential of failure increases swiftly when SI is less than 0.4, and the value of SI=0.4 could be assumed as a representative value to evaluate the potential of failure for the tested material.
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The latest industrial revolution 4 enabled significant performance improvement through technological advancements. Simultaneously, the industry is setting high-level expectations for changing business practices toward long-term benefits... more
The latest industrial revolution 4 enabled significant performance improvement through technological advancements. Simultaneously, the industry is setting high-level expectations for changing business practices toward long-term benefits in all three sustainability dimensions. The concept of sustainability embraces all production and operation processes in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. This study systematically explores the literature on sustainability with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies in the AEC industry and the sustainability vision for their integration. The different types of ERP and BIM implementations have similarities in addressing the broad scope of functionalities. The emergence and proliferation of ERP and BIM have brought crucial changes to the business environment. Further evolution to cloud-based operations is transforming companies from technology-oriented practices to data-cen...
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Research on the digital built environment in the context of identifying and minimizing clashes is a critical area to investigate owing to the significant influence of clashes on the construction process. This research aims to identify the... more
Research on the digital built environment in the context of identifying and minimizing clashes is a critical area to investigate owing to the significant influence of clashes on the construction process. This research aims to identify the current state of building information modeling (BIM) enabled clash detection in the architecture, engineering, and construction and operation (AECO) industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It further identifies the main reasons for clash occurrence, methods, and practices used to decrease the workload on BIM project teams. It also recognizes the existence of BIM departments (their type and functionalities). It aims to answer whether the transition from clash detection to clash avoidance is possible in a country where BIM technology has just penetrated. This research conducted a literature review and review of current regulatory documents regarding BIM technology, interviews with industry professionals, and a survey among construction companies and ...
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Developing sustainable concrete with less ordinary Portland cement is a growing issue in the construction industry. Incorporating industrial by-products (such as fly ash or slag) or municipal solid wastes (such as waste glass or recycled... more
Developing sustainable concrete with less ordinary Portland cement is a growing issue in the construction industry. Incorporating industrial by-products (such as fly ash or slag) or municipal solid wastes (such as waste glass or recycled concrete aggregate) into the concrete becomes an effective way to reduce the consumption of natural sources and carbon dioxide emission if a proper mix design is provided. The present study examines the influence of the combined use of off-ASTM Class F fly ash (FFA) and waste limestone powder (LSP) on flowability, compressive strength, and expansion characteristics of mortar mixtures containing waste glass sand (WGS). FFA and LSP were used as cement replacement while WGS was used as partial reactive siliceous river sand replacement. Material variables included different WGS replacement ratios (25%, 50%, and 75%) with river sand, LSP contents (25%, 50%, and 75%), FFA contents (15%, 30%, and 45%), and different combinations of FFA-LSP (15–10%, 15–15%,...
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The consumption of structural concrete in the construction industry is rapidly growing, and concrete will remain the main construction material for increasing urbanization all over the world in the near future. Meanwhile, construction and... more
The consumption of structural concrete in the construction industry is rapidly growing, and concrete will remain the main construction material for increasing urbanization all over the world in the near future. Meanwhile, construction and demolition waste from concrete structures is also leading to a significant environmental problem. Therefore, a proper sustainable solution is needed to address this environmental concern. One of the solutions can be using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Extensive research has been conducted in this area in recent years. However, the usage of RCA concrete in the industry is still limited due to the absence of structural regulations appropriate to the RCA concrete. This study addresses a safety margin of RCA concrete beams in terms of shear capacity which is comparable to natural coarse aggregates (NCA) concrete beams. To this end, a database for reinforced concrete beams made of recycled coarse aggregates wit...
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Changes in climatic conditions are expected globally resulting in a higher rainfall intensity and longer duration of rainfall. The increase in the rainwater infiltration into the soil contributes to many geotechnical issues, such as... more
Changes in climatic conditions are expected globally resulting in a higher rainfall intensity and longer duration of rainfall. The increase in the rainwater infiltration into the soil contributes to many geotechnical issues, such as excessive settlement, retaining wall failure and rainfall-induced slope failures. These geotechnical problems could be mitigated by the improvement of the problematic soil with the incorporation of the unsaturated soil mechanic principles. Dual-porosity soils or soils with bimodal water retention curve (WRC) are able to retain more water during prolonged drying and they would be able to drain out water faster during intense rainfall to maintain the slope stability. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the unsaturated shear strength of soil with bimodal WRC. In addition, the new mathematical equation is proposed to estimate the unsaturated shear strength of soils with a bimodal WRC. The results of the study indicated that t...
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Glaucoma is associated with damage and death of optic nerve fibers within the Lamina Cribrosa (LC) region of the Optic Nerve Head. The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear, and the anterior LC surface morphology of different individuals... more
Glaucoma is associated with damage and death of optic nerve fibers within the Lamina Cribrosa (LC) region of the Optic Nerve Head. The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear, and the anterior LC surface morphology of different individuals can be one of the possible contributor of glaucoma development and progression. The current study evaluates the relationship between the LC surface curvature and distribution of shear stresses on the LC surface. The patient-specific reconstructed ocular model was developed and analyzed in a finite element analysis software. In addition, the effect of elastic modulus of both sclera and LC on the shear stress was examined. Results showed that there is a correlation between the shear stress distribution and the curvature of the anterior LC surface. This finding highlights the potential significance of the LC morphology on the distribution of LC shear stress and require further investigation.
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This study conducted an extensive review and evaluation of torsional design methods specified in SNiP and other international building codes. Unlike thin‐walled tube approach utilized as a key basis of design expressions in ACI 318, CSA,... more
This study conducted an extensive review and evaluation of torsional design methods specified in SNiP and other international building codes. Unlike thin‐walled tube approach utilized as a key basis of design expressions in ACI 318, CSA, and Eurocode 2, skew‐bending theory is still adopted as torsional design methods specified in SNiP code used through Eurasia region. This comparative study is timely required since there are radical code changes in leading Eurasia countries, such as Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, toward Eurocode from SNiP code. To this end, a total of 253 reinforced concrete (RC) specimens that failed in pure torsion were collected from the literature to compare the analytical accuracy of the torsional design methods specified in various design codes. It was found that the torsional design methods specified in SNiP and CSA codes can estimate the torsional strengths of RC members with good level of accuracy, while Eurocode 2 provided quite conservative results. In addition, the maximum limitations stipulated in each design code on the compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of reinforcements are of importance for the safe and efficient torsional design due to interrelation between reinforcement ratios considering materials strengths and inclination angle of compressive concrete strut.
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A new pile foundation system is being developed for renewable energy storage through a multi-disciplinary research project. This system utilizes the compressed air technology to store renewable energy inside the reinforced concrete pile... more
A new pile foundation system is being developed for renewable energy storage through a multi-disciplinary research project. This system utilizes the compressed air technology to store renewable energy inside the reinforced concrete pile foundation configured with hollowed sections. The compressed air can result in high air pressure to which the structural response of the pile foundation subjected has been studied. However, the temperature in the pile foundation can be affected by the compressed air if sufficient cooling is not provided. The temperature change can generate thermal stresses and affect the structural safety of the pile foundation. As a first step to investigate this thermal effect, this paper studies temperature distributions inside the concrete section for the pile foundation through non-steady state heat transfer analyses. Several parameters were considered in the study, including thermal conductivities of the concrete, specific heat capacities of the concrete, and d...
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Although wireless smart sensor platforms have been available over a decade, only a limited number of full-scale wireless smart sensor–based structural health monitoring implementations have been realized. Most wireless smart sensor... more
Although wireless smart sensor platforms have been available over a decade, only a limited number of full-scale wireless smart sensor–based structural health monitoring implementations have been realized. Most wireless smart sensor platforms that are validated in full-scale implementations have now become obsolete and are no longer commercially available. While wireless sensing capabilities have grown, presenting significant opportunities, obstacles to wide application of wireless smart sensor for structural health monitoring exist both in terms of hardware and software. This article assesses the efficacy of the Xnode, a new wireless platform whose development has been driven by structural health monitoring requirements, as well as lessons learned from several full-scale wireless smart sensor deployments. The capabilities of the platform are evaluated in comparison with other commercial wireless smart sensors, in terms of hardware, software, and mechanical design. Extensive laborato...
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Permanent deformation in asphalt concrete pavements manifests itself as depressions along the wheel paths, ruts. The prediction of rut depth requires a knowledge of materials characteristics that relate the asphalt concrete permanent... more
Permanent deformation in asphalt concrete pavements manifests itself as depressions along the wheel paths, ruts. The prediction of rut depth requires a knowledge of materials characteristics that relate the asphalt concrete permanent strains to stress and temperature. This paper analyzes the character of permanent strains as inferred from a creep/recovery test. It is shown that the separation of the strains into the time-independent elastic and plastic strains and the time-dependent viscoelastic strains requires tests with various times to unloading. The analysis is illustrated with the results of a series of uniaxial compression creep/recovery tests on one asphalt concrete mixture. The tested material exhibits temperature-dependent elastic and plastic strains that are proportional to the level of stress. The time- and temperature-dependent viscoelastic strains are nonlinearly related to the stress level and stress history. An approximate constitutive equation that disregards this nonlinearity is presented.
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This paper assesses the technical, economic and environmental impact for the implementation of a small-scale anaerobic digestion system in an animal farm located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All data for manure availability and local... more
This paper assesses the technical, economic and environmental impact for the implementation of a small-scale anaerobic digestion system in an animal farm located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All data for manure availability and local energy consumption was obtained from the model farm " Buranbayev Company " which is located in Uralsk, Kazakhstan. A Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system based on a reciprocating engine and heat recovery system was considered as the technology to operate with the biogas generated through a mesophilic anaerobic biodigester exporting power to the grid, which is currently the source of power and heating in the farm. The techno-economic study includes Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) and Entrepreneurship Development Fund " DAMU " loan subsidy, which are current governmental incentives in Kazakhstan. The small size farm biodigester is fed with manure from around 600 heads of cattle and runs a 100 kW genset unit. Results of the analysis demonstrate that DAMU subsidy positively influences the financial outcome of the project leading to an IRR of 38.3% on the equity investment. The model developed here may be easily used in the future by other local farmers in order to assess the economic and technical advantages of own power generation and its sales to the grid.
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The city of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, which has a population of 804,474, and has been experiencing rapid growth over the last 15 years, generates approximately 1.39 kg capita(-1) day(-1) of municipal solid waste (MSW). Nearly 700... more
The city of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, which has a population of 804,474, and has been experiencing rapid growth over the last 15 years, generates approximately 1.39 kg capita(-1) day(-1) of municipal solid waste (MSW). Nearly 700 tonnes of MSW are collected daily, of which 97% is disposed of at landfills. The newest landfill was built using modern technologies, including a landfill gas (LFG) collection system. The rapid growth of Astana demands more energy on its path to development, and the viability analysis of MSW to generate electricity is imperative. This paper presents a technical-economic pre-feasibility study comparing landfill including LFG utilization and waste incineration (WI) to produce electricity. The performance of LFG with a reciprocating engine and WI with steam turbine power technologies were compared through corresponding greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction, cost of energy production (CEP), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), net present value (NPV) and internal rate...
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Recently, nanomaterials have attracted attention in the field of pavement construction as modifiers to endure heavy loads and climate changes. In this study, conventional asphalt (bitumen) of penetration grade AC (60/70) was modified with... more
Recently, nanomaterials have attracted attention in the field of pavement construction as modifiers to endure heavy loads and climate changes. In this study, conventional asphalt (bitumen) of penetration grade AC (60/70) was modified with graphene platelets (GnPs) at three different contents: 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% by weight of asphalt content. Kinematic viscosity, softening point, penetration, and dynamic shear rheology tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of modified binder. The results showed that adding GnPs improves the mechanical properties of asphalt binder; the kinematic viscosities, softening points, and rutting parameters increased but penetrations decreased with the contents of GnPs. Hot mix asphalt specimens with GnPs-modified asphalt were prepared and characterized with Marshall tests, thermal stress restrained specimen tests (TSRST), wheel tracking tests, and indirect tensile tests. Similar to the results of asphalt binder, the mechanical properties...
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Wireless smart sensors (WSS) have been proposed as an effective means to reduce the high cost of wired structural health monitoring systems. However, many damage scenarios for civil infrastructure involve sudden events, such as strong... more
Wireless smart sensors (WSS) have been proposed as an effective means to reduce the high cost of wired structural health monitoring systems. However, many damage scenarios for civil infrastructure involve sudden events, such as strong earthquakes, which can result in damage or even failure in a matter of seconds. Wireless monitoring systems typically employ duty cycling to reduce power consumption; hence, they will miss such events if they are in power-saving sleep mode when the events occur. This paper develops a demand-based WSS to meet the requirements of sudden event monitoring with minimal power budget and low response latency, without sacrificing high-fidelity measurements or risking a loss of critical information. In the proposed WSS, a programmable event-based switch is implemented utilizing a low-power trigger accelerometer; the switch is integrated in a high-fidelity sensor platform. Particularly, the approach can rapidly turn on the WSS upon the occurrence of a sudden eve...
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Traditional seismic monitoring systems for civil infrastructure using wired sensors can be prohibitive, due to onerous and expensive cabling networks. Wireless smart sensors (WSS) offer tremendous opportunity to reduce cost and realize... more
Traditional seismic monitoring systems for civil infrastructure using wired sensors can be prohibitive, due to onerous and expensive cabling networks. Wireless smart sensors (WSS) offer tremendous opportunity to reduce cost and realize the promise of pervasive sensing. However, seismic structural monitoring using WSS remains elusive, and main obstacles include stringent energy constraint and limited transmission bandwidth. To address the challenges, an intelligent wireless system is developed as a cost-effective solution of real-time seismic monitoring of civil infrastructure. The system consists of three main components: ultralow-power on-demand sensing prototypes, a high-throughput live streaming framework, and a MATLAB-based application for real-time damage assessment. The capabilities of the developed system are validated by a lab test, demonstrating that the system can detect seismic motions, provide high-quality synchronized data, and present damage assessment in real-time.
Research Interests:
This contribution illustrates some results from a parametric analysis of the factors affecting soil ploughing. The numerical simulations rely on the Particle Finite Element method, a method known for its capabilities to tackle large... more
This contribution illustrates some results from a parametric analysis of the factors affecting soil ploughing. The numerical simulations rely on the Particle Finite Element method, a method known for its capabilities to tackle large deformations and rapid changing boundaries at large strains. A total stress analysis – assuming a quasi-incompressible elastic model along with a Tresca plastic model - is used to simulate a clayey soil behavior. As a first step, a two-dimensional geometry is used and the effect of contact roughness in the horizontal force along the chip formation is assessed.
Research Interests:
Tailing dams are commonly used to safely store tailings without damaging the environment. Sand tailings (also called Sediment tailings) usually have a high water content and hence undergo consolidation during their placement. As the... more
Tailing dams are commonly used to safely store tailings without damaging the environment. Sand tailings (also called Sediment tailings) usually have a high water content and hence undergo consolidation during their placement. As the sediment tailings are usually placed above the ground water level, the degree of saturation and permeability of the sediment tailing is associated with the unsaturated condition due to the presence of negative pore-water pressure or suction. Current practices normally focus on the analyses saturated conditions. However, this consolidation process requires the flow of water between saturated and unsaturated zones to be considered. The objective of this study is to investigate the stability and consolidation of sediment tailings for the construction of road pillars considering the water flow between saturated and unsaturated zones. The scope of this study includes the unsaturated laboratory testing of sediments and numerical analyses of the road pillar. Th...
Research Interests:
This paper presents the surface water absorption of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing fly ash and silica fume using sorptivity test. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by various combinations of fly ash and silica... more
This paper presents the surface water absorption of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing fly ash and silica fume using sorptivity test. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by various combinations of fly ash and silica fume. Test results show that the presence of fly ash and silica fume significantly reduce the surface water absorption of self-compacting concrete at a water-binder ratio of 0.38. When only fly ash is used to partially replace Ordinary Portland cement, a more noticeable reduction in sorptivity is found when the fly ash content is greater than 20%. The effect of combined use of fly ash and silica fume on reducing the water absorption and sorptivity is much more significant than using fly ash only. Moreover, it is noted that increasing the proportion of fly ash and silica fume leads to an enhanced reduction in water absorption. The addition of fly ash and silica fume, in general, increases the 28-day cube strength. However, there is no correlation between the compressive strength and the sorptivity in SCC achieved.
