H. Hoetzl

... Hence, the stratospheric inven-tory of Chernobyl-derived caesium isotopes is possibly substantially lower than the reported value. ... Aarkrog, A., L. Better-Jensen, Chen Quing Jiang, H. Dahlgaard, H. Hansen, E. Holm, B. Lauridsen, SP Nielsen and J. S0gaard-Hansen, 1988b. ...

A sensitivity of 0.04 to 0.01 pCi/m3 for long-lived α-emitters in air is obtained by α-spectrometry of electrostatically precipitated aerosols in a large Frisch grid ionization chamber after decay of the natural activity for 2 or 4 hrs and 100 min counting. This corresponds to about 0.1 to 0.01 of the maximum permissible concentrations (168 hrs/week) for239Pu and other toxic long-lived α-emitters. The dependence of the sensitivity of the procedure on variable background contributions by Rn and Tn daughter products was investigated. After212Bi (ThC) has significantly decayed, the sensitivity is 0.0002 to 0.001 pCi/m3 in the 5 MeV region with 1 000 min counting. Direct determination of the natural210Po (RaF) content in the atmosphere or the detemination of other α-emitters at that activity level is thus possible without sample preparation or chemical treatment. An example for the low-level detection of transuranium nuclides in the air of a hot laboratory is presented.

Leachates leaking from damaged landfills and leaky sewerage systems represent a potential threat of groundwater pollution and become more and more a matter of common and public concern. Old landfills with no or insufficient leachate collection systems and leaky sewerage systems allow waste degradation products, including leachates and gases, to percolate downwards and dilute and attenuate passing through the unsaturated zone beneath the site. Such processes include both biological and physicochemical reactions. A significant benefit of an unsaturated zone below leaky landfills and damaged sewerage systems is controlling the seepage of leachate into the saturated zone, such that the residual contaminant load is balanced by a continuous supply of oxygen and dilution which may well be available in the groundwater underflow. Unsaturated zone calculations must therefore be coupled with determinations of the supply of oxygen, dilution and addition attenuation available within the saturated zone.

... The total annual evaporation is 577,000 3 3 3 km : 505,000 km on sea surfaces, 72,000 km ... 50% of the groundwater is below the level of 1000 meters under the earth's surface (Tab ... Of basic importance in this context is the recycling rate, which indicates the duration of the natural ...

يمكن أن تقسم الرسوبيات على الساحل السعودي للبحر الأحمر والمتزامنة مع انشقاقه إلى ترسبات قارية في القاعدة يليها ترسبات مصاحبة لغمر مياه البحر ، فترسبات ملحة تبخرية ثم ترسبات فتاتية جيرية مختلطة . ويدل تغيير هذه السحنات على الخطوات المميزة في تطوير القوى الحركي الأرضية. لقد أجريت دراسات مفصلة على مناطق شمال البحر الأحمر وجيزان، وكان للعثور على متحجرات جديدة واستناج الأعمار المطلقة لفضل في تطوير فهمنا للتسلسل الزمني للأحداث الجيولوجية . ونجد أن ترسبات أزمان الاوليجوسين والميوسين المتزامنة مع انشقاق البحر قد حفظت وظهرت في عدة أماكن. ويمكننا أن نميز أربع وحدات " طبقات" من هذه الترسبات. ففي منطقة مدين ، نجد أن هذه الوحدات تبدأ من الأسفل بطبقات فتاتية حمراءز كماتمثل هذه الوحدات عموما سحنات ترسيب بحرية عميقة تكونت في الجزء المحوري من الخسيف .وتتراوح أعمار هذه الترسبات ما بين الروبيليان إلى السيرافليان .ونجد أن أقدم الترسبات المتزامنة مع الانشقاق في جنوب غرب الجزيرة العربية يتمثل في تزامل ترسبات غير مجموعة المتحجرات الحيوانية في تكوين البيض وبيان النظائر في لاصخور النارية المتزامنة مع ـ أو الأصغر من ـ الرسوبية تحديد عمر الـ ( أوليجوسين ـ من 27 إلى 32 مليون سنة ) لصخور البيض . ومن هذا يتبين لنا أن عمر هذا التكوين يتكافأ مع عمر الطبقات البحرية في شمال البحر الأحمر ويبرهن على أن الاشتقاق المبدئي قد حدث على طول حوض البحر الأحمر في ذلك الوقت .

... doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.008 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI Copyright © 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Groundwater flow regime, recharge and regional-scale solute transport in the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana derived from isotope ...

The migration and fate of contaminants from damaged sewerage systems and leaky landfills have been investigated, using combined hydrogeological and tracer techniques, soil gas surveys and geophysical methods. The results indicate that soil gas survey, tracer techniques and geophysical investigations allow to evaluate the fate of contaminants. In this way, the groundwater contamination potential of leaking sewerage systems and waste

... 1. Introduction Maintaining pipelines is important to ensure the cost efficient transport of both water and wastewater. ... The 3D sensor used in earlier systems like KARO (Kuntze et al. 1995) or PIRAT (Campbell et al. ... The need for various sensor systems varies considerably. ...

This paper investigates the impact of large scale Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) research programs in trans-boundary environments at the example of the complex water resources of the Lower Jordan River Basin (LJRB). Under the current figures of demand growth, large scale desalination is the paradigm to satisfy the rising regional demand but gains in energy and cost efficiency are possible through the use of decentralized non conventional water resources. Decentralised wastewater treatment was demonstrated at a pilot site and the research project delivered regional implementation concepts jointly with the institutions. The major urban areas are situated on vulnerable karstic aquifer systems with possibilities for direct stormwater recharge. Most investigated springs were found to be affected by microbial contamination and persistant organics. Major uncertainties are remaining in water planning due to the still evolving models for groundwater recharge and missing monitor...

Key words: managed artifi cial recharge, karst aquifer, hydrogeology Groundwater is the main fresh water resource in Abstract: Jordan but is limited in quantity and not always suffi cient in quality. Natural recharge takes place by infi ltration from rainwater or streams. Rare but intensive rainfall events can generate fast runoff in the mountains where surface water is conducted through wadis to the Jordan Valley, but only a small amount infi ltrates naturally into the ground. To optimize the use of fl oodwaters, several storage dams were constructed in Jordan during the last decades along the slopes of the Jordan Valley. One of these is the Wala dam in Madaba region in Jordan. Its main function is to store water during the winter season and recharge it into the underlying Wadi Es Sir Limestone aquifer. Groundwater from this aquifer is used for the drinking water supply to nearby communities (Sawarieh et al. 2010). Since its completion in 2002, the Wala reservoir fi lls during wint...

This study investigates the potential use of treated wastewater (TWW), blended with fresh water, for irrigated agriculture in the Jordan Valley (JV). A random sample of 401 farmers was asked if they would accept TWW, their willingness to pay (WTP) and the reasons behind these decisions. Almost all the farmers accept TWW and more than 55 % of the farmers are willing to pay more than five times of the price of freshwater. An ordered logit model for the entire sample shows that higher farm profits increases the bids while concern about water tariff is the second highest factor that influences farmers’ decision. Yet, overall model results were weak and separate models for the Northern, Middle and Southern region of the JV have a larger predictive power and present better hit ratios. The results indicate that it is recommended to implement site specific pricing and extension programs when the use of TWW is introduced or further expanded in the JV.

... Richter, D. (1984): Allgäuer Alpen. - Sammlung Geologischer Führer, Bd. ... Nizvodno najdemo estavele, obËasne izvire in stalne izvire, kjer pretok moËno niha. Izviri leæe veËinoma na podroËju, kjer je antiklinala potopljena pod dolino, tako da vodonosnik seka povr{je. ...

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The Lower Jordan River Valley is a place of extreme water scarcity and constitutes an overexploited closed river basin. No surface runoff currently leaves the area and the water level of the Dead Sea, as the final sink, has already dropped by more than 20 m over the past fifty years as a result. This demonstrates, that even apart from water quality considerations, total inflows into the system do not match outflows, resulting in a continuous depletion of the available storage, i.e. all available water is already utilised. The only means of providing additional volumes of water to the area are water imports or reduction of evaporation from open water bodies or reduction of evapotranspiration from irrigated agriculture. Wastewater reuse and desalinisation would increase the amount of water fit for human demand but not affect the water balance in total. Increasing the amount of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) would be beneficial to the water availability of the region ...

... Logo. Home. Library. The PI method - a GIS-based approach to mapping groundwatervulnerability with special consideration of karst aquifers. Author: Goldscheider, Nico & Klute, Markus & Sturm,Sebastian & Hötzl, Heinz: Group ...

In Europe, large volumes of public water supply come from urban aquifers and so efficient urban water management and decision tools are essential to maintain quality of life both in terms of health, personal freedom and environment. In the United Kingdom, this issue gained increased importance with the last year's low volumes of groundwater replenishment that resulted in increased water shortages all over the country. An urban water volume and quality model (UVQ) was applied to a suburb of Doncaster (United Kingdom) to assess the current water supply system and to compare it with new potential scenarios of water management. The initial results show considerable changes in both water and solute fluxes for some scenarios and rather limited changes for others. Changing impermeable roads and paved areas to permeable areas, for example, would lead to higher infiltration rates that may be welcome from a water resources viewpoint but less so from a water quality point of view due to hi...

ABSTRACT The Gulf of Corinth and the northern part of the Peloponnesus/Greece, an area of asymmetric graben structure, step faults and tilted blocks, is one of the most active seismic zones in the world. Six major faults are known to be most responsible for the historic and present seismic activities in the area of Aigion. Our study focuses preliminarily on the area around the Aigion fault, whose trace runs E-W through the harbour of Aigion. Investigations of the stratigraphic sequence, tectonic structure and hydrogeologic conditions of the southern Corinth graben shoulder and first drilling activities there, have started in summer 2001. From July until September 2002 the International Continental Deep Drilling Project (ICDP) and the EU Project DGLab-Gulf of Corinth drilled the AIG10 borehole in the harbour of Aigion to a total depth of 1001 m. Our investigations in this ICDP/EU framework are aimed at studying the thermal-hydraulic conditions on the southern graben shoulder. Here we report the first results on sampling and hydraulic testing. The deep AIG10 borehole has successfully cored in approx. 760 m depth the fault plane, which separates fractured radiolarite in the hanging wall from highly fractured and karstified platy, micritic limestone (Olonos-Pindos Unit) in the footwall. A complete lithologic section is now available through the monitoring of cuttings and cores, which built a major cornerstone for defining an integrated regional tectonic and geologic model. Several pumping tests and hydrochemical investigations made in the region of Aigion and especially in the AIG10 borehole deliver together with geophysical borehole logging the database for a thermo-hydraulic heat flow model. The pumping test AIG10C in the conglomerates of the graben sediments show a hydraulic conductivity of about 2 x 10E-5 m/s - 3 x 10E-4 m/s at a depth of approximately 211 m. The result was a residual drawdown, which indicates a closed hydraulic system between the semi-permeable Aigion fault zone and other faults farther north. The second pumping test AIG10L at 708-750 m depth shows artesian conditions with a fluid pressure of 5 bar and a flow of approx. 40 l/min. The hydraulic conductivity was about 1 x 10E-7 m/s. By drilling deeper an increase of pressure and flux immediately after crossing the fault zone was observed. The cores from 773-786 m depth and the hydraulic behaviour of the deeper intervals up to 1001-m depth suggest karstic water-flow conditions. The water-pressure difference of more than 5 bar between the hanging wall and the footwall provides additional evidence that the Aigion fault zone has a water-blocking capability. An artesian production test showed that the pressure of > 10 bar and the flow of 900 l/min did not decrease for more than four days. An average hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10E-6 m/s was determined. From this test and the second pumping test we conclude that the Aigion fault zone behaves as a semi-permeable zone or even as a hydraulic barrier not only in the conglomerates but also in the platy limestones.

The present paper describes the analysis of isotopes of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium, in air and deposition samples taken at our laboratory site 10 km north of Munich, subsequent to the Chernobyl accident. Uranium-234, ²³⁷U, ²³⁸U, ²³⁹Np, ²³⁸Pu, {sup 239+240}Pu and ²⁴²Cm have been identified and upper limits of detection have been established for ²⁴¹Am and ²⁴⁴Cm. Deposition and air concentration values are discussed. 12 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Waste water can leak from damaged sewerage systems and contaminate groundwater and soil. For that reason, detection of sewer leakages and the restoration of damaged sewerage systems is required by German law. Till today the most commonly applied detection method is by television monitoring. However, this method has been proven to be unreliable in showing the real dimensions of the waste water leakage and to obtain criteria of risk assessment. Therefore, new detection methods have been developed and applied. The feasibility of detecting sewer leakages has been well tested on an old sewerage section. This sewerage section has been proven to be considerably damaged. Further research has been carried out on a specially constructed research sewerage within the region having a fluctuating water table. Both test sites are part of the sewerage system of the city of Rastatt, which is situated in the Upper Rhine Valley, Southern Germany.

ABSTRACT In connection with the geoelectrical investigations to locate leakages in dykes and dams, tests were carried out on a model made of sand in a small channel to measure the electrical streaming potential. By using a PC-computer scanner-system it was possible to record simultaneously the values from 20 platinum electrodes and therefore also the electric field depending on the hydraulic streaming processes. A direct correlation between the measured electric streaming potentials and the water flow processes could not be detected. With regard to the measuring results, it was shown that even under different measuring conditions the streaming potentials and the measured quantity of water seepage corresponded well. Taking Darcy's law and Helmholtz equation into consideration, empirical methods of calculation were derived which made it possible to determine the quantity of water flow via the electrical streaming potentials measured. During the experiments carried out on the model, the actual water flow quantities were consistent with the water flow quantities calculated from the electric field. The empirically determined correlations between the electrical streaming potentials and the quantities of water flow, as well as the experiments performed will be briefly described.

In the frame of the EU Project Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL), the AIG10 borehole was successfully drilled from July until September 2002 through the Aigion normal fault in the harbour of Aigion, northern Peloponnesus, Greece. The scientific objective focuses on the investigation of fault mechanics and the relationship with fluid flow and geochemistry, fluid pressure, stress- and strain fields and earthquakes. Recognition of stratification encountered in the AIG10 borehole is based on an online analysis of well cuttings (0-708.8 m and 787.4-1001 m), core descriptions (708.8-787.4 m), monitoring of drilling parameters, as well as a preliminary geophysical well-log interpretation (0-1001 m). Geologically, the area is part of the Olonos-Pindos tectonic nappe, which is overthrusted on the Tripolitza unit during the Alpine orogeny. The litho-log of the AIG10 borehole comprises at first syn-rift deposits (graben fill). At 496 m, the Olonos-Pindos tectonic unit was encountered, however, not...