- Saudi Arabia
FAHIM VOHRA
King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Faculty Member
There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus... more
There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present 12-month follow-up study was to assess the efficacy of MD with and without adjunct aPDT in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with T2DM. Sixty-seven patients with diagnosed periimplant inflammation and T2DM were included. Treatment-wise, the patients were divided into 2 groups: (a) test-group (n=34): patients receivedMD+aPDT; and (b) control group (n=33): patients received MD only. Periimplant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) ≥4mm and mesial and distal marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy in both groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the periimplant BOP, PD, MBL and HbA1c levels in both groups. P-values less than 0.05 were ...
Research Interests: Diabetes, Inflammation, Dental Implants, Photodynamic Therapy, Humans, and 15 moreDental Implantology, Diabetes mellitus, Female, Male, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Photochemotherapy, Adult, Bacterial infections, Risk Factors, Debridement, Combined Modality Therapy, Reference standards, and Periodontal Debridement
Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the most appropriate method of treatment for ameloblastomas. Methods: A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published... more
Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the most appropriate method of treatment for ameloblastomas. Methods: A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on treatment of ameloblastomas. Mesh phrases used in the search were: ameloblastoma AND treatment; ameloblastoma AND surgical management. An attempt was made to conduct a systematic review on the subject, but due to inconsistency in terminology, treatment protocol, lack of randomised controlled trial and inadequate follow-up assessment in most of the articles assessed, a narrative critical review of selected relevant literature regarding treatment of ameloblastoma was undertaken. Results: It is widely reported that the recurrence of an ameloblastoma in large part reflects the inadequacy or failure of the primary surgical procedure. Recent studies have unequivocally showed that when a diagnosis of ameloblastoma is made, the treatment must be ...
Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded the edentulous maxilla and picked-up the maxillary hybrid prosthesis with the gold bar suprastructure in poly-vinyl-siloxane (PVS) material.... more
Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded the edentulous maxilla and picked-up the maxillary hybrid prosthesis with the gold bar suprastructure in poly-vinyl-siloxane (PVS) material. The occlusion was registered on the old prosthesis (Fig. 3,4 & 5) • 1 st Laboratory Stage: A master cast was fabricated (Fig. 6) and articulated (Fig. 7) against mandibular cast using a bite registration (Fig. 3) made at the 1 st clinical visit. The acrylic veneer and teeth were removed from the metal suprastructure (Fig. 9) and a new wax up (Fig. 10) for the hybrid prosthesis was completed using an index (Fig. 8) on the original gold bar. • 2 nd Clinical Visit: Same day, a wax try-in of the prosthesis was performed and relationships confirmed. • 2 nd Laboratory Stage: The verified prosthesis was processed , finished and polished overnight in the laboratory . • 3 rd Clinical Visit: The refurbished prosthesis was fitted the next day (Fig. 12).
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation procedures (Cold lateral condensation and Obtura II system) in extracted teeth using a dental operatory microscope. Materials and Method:... more
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation procedures (Cold lateral condensation and Obtura II system) in extracted teeth using a dental operatory microscope. Materials and Method: Sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were instrumented and obturated. Thirty of the teeth were obturated with cold lateral condensation (Group A) and thirty with thermoplasticized injectable technique (Group B). After the setting of sealer all teeth were sectioned horizontally at apical, middle and coronal third levels. Each section were examined under dental operatory microscope (DOM) and scored for absence or presence of voids in each section respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between voids presence in both the experimental groups. Group B (Thermoplastic injectable gutta percha) was found to be more homogenous and revealed less voids at all the three section levels (apical, middle and coronal) as compared to...
Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure of bonded porcelain restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the marginal fidelity of lithium disilicate glass ceramic... more
Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure of bonded porcelain restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the marginal fidelity of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays cemented to teeth using three different resin luting agents Conclusion: The results suggest that Calibra resin cement is less influenced by microleakage for cementation of ceramic onlays, hence the risk of post-operative sensitivity, caries, discoloration, staining and failure may be comparatively minimized
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Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable. The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled... more
Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable. The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings. Experimental, in vitro study. Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test. No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ). The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.
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ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F Vohra Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post etch cleaning, silane and heated silane on Microtensile bond... more
ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F Vohra Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post etch cleaning, silane and heated silane on Microtensile bond strength of Lithium-disilicate hot pressed glass ceramic when bonded to composite resin. Methods: 24 blocks of lithium-disilicate were fabricated (Hot Pressing) and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid. Seven experimental groups (Including control) resulted from the various surface treatment combinations which included, post-etch cleaning (PEC) (37.5% Phosphoric acid for 1 min , rinse with water for 20 seconds and ultrasonic bath immersion), silane application (S) and heat (100°C for 5 minutes) or air dried silane. Silica based hot pressed ceramic blocks were also fabricated and surface treated to be used as a control group. Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured composite resin as ...
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia towards shortened dental arch therapy (SDAT). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study self-designed questionnaires were... more
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia towards shortened dental arch therapy (SDAT). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study self-designed questionnaires were hand distributed and emailed among dentists in Saudi Arabia divided into Specialists (SP), Residents (RES) and General dental practitioners (GDP). Other than demographic details, the questionnaire, enquired about opinion regarding function, esthetic and comfort in SDAT. The association of SDAT with tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), tooth migration and hygiene maintenance was also assessed. Participants were also asked to grade decision-making factors for SDAT according to their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were computed to compare the responses, considering p value 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 300 respondents, 47% were SP, 39% were GDP and 14% were RES. 42% and 25.3%of respondents had...
Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the center of all these procedures is the use of cast and die material and its impact on the definitive fit of the restoration. Dental stone has... more
Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the center of all these procedures is the use of cast and die material and its impact on the definitive fit of the restoration. Dental stone has long been used as a cost-effective cast and die material for fixed prosthodontics. However in cases of periodontally involved teeth having tall and thin tooth preparations, die stones lack the desired ideal mechanical properties of fracture strength and abrasion resistance. Polyurethane resin die material has long been introduced to the dental laboratory technician and has provided a viable alternative to die stone in order to avoid failure in complex prosthodontic procedures. This case report attempts to present the effective use of polyurethane resin dies during full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with generalized tooth wear.
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch (SDA) therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed... more
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch (SDA) therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among specialists (SP), residents (RES), and general dental practitioners (GDP) in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire enquired about dentists' opinion regarding function, esthetic, and comfort in patients with SDA. It also enquired about the risks associated with SDA treatment (tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and tooth migration). Participants also graded SDA decision-making factors for their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 300 questionnaires were completed. 53.9% of SP applied SDA therapy in <10% of patients. However, 54.8% of RES and 46.6% of GDP never used SDA therapy. SDA was considered by dentists to provide a satisfactory or acceptable function (76.4%), esthetics (76.1%), and comfort (76.8%). There was a significant difference in opinions of SP, GDP, and RES, in relation to the effect of SDA on esthetics (P = 0.039), tooth-wear (P < 0.001), TMD (P < 0.001), and tooth migration (P = 0.002). The knowledge of SP and GDP with regards to SDA therapy was broadly in line with current standards. Less than 10% of patients had objections towards SDA therapy. SDA therapy was clinically applied in fewer than 10% of cases.
Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in... more
Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in association with bleeding and suppuration. Dental plaque is at the center of its etiology, and in addition, systemic diseases, smoking, and parafunctional habits are also implicated. The pathogenic species associated with peri-implantitis include, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The goal in the management of peri-implantitis is the complete resolution of peri-implant infection with function. Therapies using various biomaterials to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of peri-implantitis e.g. fibers, gels, and beads. The use of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes loaded with antimicrobials has shown success in re-osseointegrating the infected implants in animal models. Several uncertainties still remain regarding the management of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this article is to present a background of peri-implantitis along with a case of peri-implantitis successfully treated for bone regeneration.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological factors for root canal therapy in 400 patients visiting the out patient department (OPD) of Karachi Medical and Dental College. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was an analytical, descriptive and cross... more
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological factors for root canal therapy in 400 patients visiting the out patient department (OPD) of Karachi Medical and Dental College. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was an analytical, descriptive and cross sectional study. Information about the etiologic factors of root canal therapy was collected from around 400 patients at the dental out patient department Karachi Medical and Dental College through specially designed forms by trained investigators posted in the department. RESULT: The results showed that irreversible pulpitis (3 8%) as being the predominant cause for root canal therapy followed by necrotic pulp (33.5%), trauma (16%) and failed RCT (8%). Reasons for root canal failure comprised of short obturation (71_8%), over-obturation (15.6%) and others ( 12.5%) the most commonly exposed teeth were mandibuIar first molars (32%%). CONCLUSION: Irreversible pulpitis was the most common cause for initial root canal treatment, while short obturation was fo...
Common problems for Edentulous patients, specially mandibular, include poor retention and stability, compromised function and comfort and low self confidence and quality of life. The range of treatment options for edentulous mandible... more
Common problems for Edentulous patients, specially mandibular, include poor retention and stability, compromised function and comfort and low self confidence and quality of life. The range of treatment options for edentulous mandible include a removable conventional denture, implant retained mucosa supported and implant retained implant supported overdentures, implant supported fixed hybrid prosthesis and implant retained porcelain fused to metal prosthesis. The factors vital in decision making include the amount of bone loss, availability of interocclusal space, anatomic constraints at potential implant sites, opposing dentition, available cost and time and patient preference for fixed or removable prosthesis. A two Impant retained mucosa supported overdenture is proposed to be the first line of treatment for edentulous mandible patients both in the McGill and York consensus reports.The statement indicates (McGill consensus report) that as a minimal treatment objective, the mandibu...
Zirconia implants have been used for oral rehabilitation; however, evidence of their ability to maintain crestal bone and periimplant soft tissue health is not clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate crestal bone loss... more
Zirconia implants have been used for oral rehabilitation; however, evidence of their ability to maintain crestal bone and periimplant soft tissue health is not clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate crestal bone loss (CBL) around zirconia dental implants and clinical periimplant inflammatory parameters. The focus question addressed was, "Do zirconia implants maintain crestal bone levels and periimplant soft tissue health?" Databases were searched for articles from 1977 through September 2014 with different combinations of the following MeSH terms:…
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Objective: Presence of resin composite restoration on a abutment can compromise the bond between a resin bonded bridge (RBB) retainer and tooth substrate. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro ageing on the... more
Objective: Presence of resin composite restoration on a abutment can compromise the bond between a resin bonded bridge (RBB) retainer and tooth substrate. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro ageing on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) between resin based composite (RBC) and resin luting cement (RLC). Materials and methods: Thirty-three standardized RBC blocks were fabricated. RBC blocks were randomly divided into three groups (N=11 per group). Group 1 received no ageing (thermocycling) (control), in group 2 (TC 500) specimen were exposed to 500 cycles of thermocyling (5-55 0C) and in group 3 (TC5000) specimen were exposed to 5000 cycles of thermocycling. Following treatment, the RBC blocks in the three groups were bonded to identical composite blocks randomly using RLC (Panavia F 2.0), under standardized load (5 kg). A total of 264 specimen sticks (8 x 1mm²) were subjected to micro-tensile testing. Fractographic analysis was performed using a stereomic...
Altered cast impression technique is commonly used for the mandibular distal extension partially dentulous arches. The technique is relatively simple but requires increased chair-side time and laboratory cost. Oral tissues that have been... more
Altered cast impression technique is commonly used for the mandibular distal extension partially dentulous arches. The technique is relatively simple but requires increased chair-side time and laboratory cost. Oral tissues that have been displaced during the impression procedure attempt to regain the anatomic form and they may get inflamed if the denture base does not permit them to do so. The aim of this case report is to portray an approach of recording a minimal tissue displacing altered cast impression using addition cured silicone material.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical periodontal parameters and whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and... more
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical periodontal parameters and whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and non-chewers (controls). METHODS: Forty-five habitual gutka-chewers and 45 controls were included. Demographic information regarding age, gender, duration and daily frequency of gutka chewing, duration of gutka placement in the buccal vestibule and oral hygiene maintenance were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD] > 3mm, clinical attachment loss [CAL], marginal bone loss [MBL]) and number of missing teeth were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) samples were collected and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) was determined. Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-8 and MMP-9 were measured in UWS using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: PI [...
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The aim was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of specialists (SP) and general dental practitioners (GDP) toward cement-retained restoration (CRR), screw-retained restoration (SRR) and implant restorations in Saudi Arabia.... more
The aim was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of specialists (SP) and general dental practitioners (GDP) toward cement-retained restoration (CRR), screw-retained restoration (SRR) and implant restorations in Saudi Arabia. Self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed between SP and GDP by hand and through E-mails. Opinion of dentists regarding factors vital in selection of CRR and SRR was enquired. Factors included esthetics, retrievability, retention, passive fit, fracture resistance, tissue health, cost-effectiveness, fabrication ease, and required expertise. Participants also graded significance of treatment-planning factors for implant-retained prosthesis. Analysis of comparative response frequencies and significance grades was done using the Chi-square and independent t-test. Of 552 respondents, 64% were SP and 36% were GDP with overall response rate of 67%. About 75% of SP and 80% of GDP used SRR in <50% and <25% of their implant practice respectively. The...
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The aim was to compare the periodontal inflammatory conditions among habitual gutka chewers and betel quid (BQ) chewers. Forty-five gutka chewers, 45 BQ chewers and 50 non-chewers (controls) were included. Demographic data regarding age,... more
The aim was to compare the periodontal inflammatory conditions among habitual gutka chewers and betel quid (BQ) chewers. Forty-five gutka chewers, 45 BQ chewers and 50 non-chewers (controls) were included. Demographic data regarding age, gender, duration, and frequency of gutka- and BQ-chewing habits and gingival bleeding were collected using a questionnaire. Clinical periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL)] were recorded. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured on digital panoramic radiographs. Group differences in periodontal inflammatory parameters were tested using univariate and multivariable analyses (α < 5%). Periodontal inflammatory parameters [PI, BOP, PD (4-6 and >6 mm), clinical AL and MBL] were significantly high in gutka and BQ chewers than controls. There was no significant difference in periodontal inflammatory parameters among gutka and BQ chewers. The odds for gingival bleeding we...
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ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the goals in comprehensive orthodontic treatment is to obtain an optimal final occlusion, overbite and overjet. Material and methods: It is the descriptive, cross sectional study conducted in... more
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the goals in comprehensive orthodontic treatment is to obtain an optimal final occlusion, overbite and overjet. Material and methods: It is the descriptive, cross sectional study conducted in orthodontic department of KMDC. Sampling methods was non probability convenient. Sample sizes were 55 patients. Age ranges between 12 to 23 years old. Results: In the current study the men of anterior and overall ratio for class I malocclusion were similar to those of Bolton figures when comparing the mean tooth size ratio for these malocclusion group. It was found that class III&gt; class II&gt; class I for the over all anterior ratio. Conclusion: In the orthodontics treatment during diagnostics phase Bolton analysis should be used for the initial diagnostics and for treatment planning. In our study the mean and overall ratio for class I malocclusion similar to Bolton, no statistical difference were found among different malocclusion groups.
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In comparison to previous days, the clinical decision-making is more based on the derivation of information from the research and studies than it was before1 . For practitioners, finding pertinent and high quality... more
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In comparison to previous days, the clinical decision-making is more based on the derivation of information from the research and studies than it was before1 . For practitioners, finding pertinent and high quality information to inform health care decisions, is important and can be a difficult task. Appropriately chosen and well-conducted study to answer any particular question makes valuable contribution towards Evidence-based Practice. This essay, in relation to the aforementioned issues, will briefly discuss the different studies available which are conducted to establish superiority of one intervention over other. This essay would also discuss those key elements, which form the basis of organizing a perfect Trial.
ABSTRACT Bisphosphonates, particularly those administered through infusions (pamidronate and zolidronate) are commonly used in the therapy of metastatic bone diseases. Although the mechanism is not well understood yet, efficacy of these... more
ABSTRACT Bisphosphonates, particularly those administered through infusions (pamidronate and zolidronate) are commonly used in the therapy of metastatic bone diseases. Although the mechanism is not well understood yet, efficacy of these agents in reducing bone pain, hypercalcemia and skeletal complications has been widely accepted. In the past few years it has been recognized that osteonecrosis of jaw bones can sometimes develop in relation to long term bisphosphonate treatment spontaneously or in relation to dental procedures. We present summaries of six cases of jaw osteonecrosis, all being females and diagnosed with multiple myeloma with a mean age of 62 years, median number of treatment cycles of bisphosphonates given was 44 infusions and the mean time of exposure was 45 months, demonstrating possible relation between osteonecrosis jaw and long term bisphosphonate therapy in order to create awareness of this possible complication within the health care community.
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The completely edentulous patient has few treatment options in conventional dentistry. When implants are considered, treatment plans range from a 2-implant overdenture to a completely implant-supported prosthesis.... more
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The completely edentulous patient has few treatment options in conventional dentistry. When implants are considered, treatment plans range from a 2-implant overdenture to a completely implant-supported prosthesis. Edentulous patients with a severely resorbed mandible often experience problems of compromised function, comfort and quality of life. A fixed implant retained prosthesis is always a preferred option for the patient. However, it is highly technique sensitive, needs more implants and hence more cost, demanding laboratory expertise and retrievability and hygiene maintenance is always a challenge. Treatment concepts involving two to four implants for the support of an overdenture have been proposed. Use of endosseous implants and an overdenture in the resorbed mandible is a proven treatment option because of the simplicity and low risk of this treatment option. Implant-supported overdenture has advantages of low cost, retrievability, access for hygiene, increased retention and stability. This article presents two clinical cases of mandibular implant overdentures, highlighting the effectiveness of this treatment option for edentulous patients.
ABSTRACT Patients requesting replacement complete dentures have often worn the same set of dentures,successfully for many years. They have become accustomed with the fitting, polished and occlusal surfaces of their dentures. Patients... more
ABSTRACT Patients requesting replacement complete dentures have often worn the same set of dentures,successfully for many years. They have become accustomed with the fitting, polished and occlusal surfaces of their dentures. Patients should be provided with prosthesis which optimize esthetics, phonetics and function along with preserving the health of existing oral structures. Physical and mental adaptability of patients is of utmost importance in achieving success in complete denture therapy. This case report presents a method of complete denture fabrication along with its clinical and laboratory steps, which involve replicating the desired features of the prosthesis, along with improvements in esthetic, occlusion and stability, utilizing a three visit copy denture technique.
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ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Increased conservative and cosmetic dental practice has raised the demand for predictable adhesive all ceramic restorations (Inlay, onlay, crowns and FPD). Many new bonded all ceramic systems have been introduced... more
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Increased conservative and cosmetic dental practice has raised the demand for predictable adhesive all ceramic restorations (Inlay, onlay, crowns and FPD). Many new bonded all ceramic systems have been introduced improving their optical, mechanical, adhesive and working properties. As they are adhesively bonded to tooth substrate (enamel and dentine), the resin luting cements and the adhesive interface are pivotal for their longevity. Light-cured resin cements (LCC) are often preferred due to their controlled polymerization characteristics. As there is no chemical curing for LCC they require sufficient light to initiate and maintain polymerization. However deep preparations and thick restorations may decrease the light intensity resulting in incomplete polymerization. Other factors like ceramic type, shade and translucency; resin cement type, composition and shade; light curing unit and method of testing similarly influence the luting resin polymerization and its investigation. Insufficient polymerization could lead to poor mechanical and biological properties of the luting cement, compromised mechanical characteristics of bonded ceramics and a decrease in the bond strength between tooth and restoration. This literature review will evaluate multiple factors which could potentially influence the resin polymerization of all ceramic bonded restorations.
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of malocclusion in a sample taken from Karachi population aged 6-25 yrs. STUDY DESIGN: It is an analytical cross sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Malocclusion was clinically... more
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of malocclusion in a sample taken from Karachi population aged 6-25 yrs. STUDY DESIGN: It is an analytical cross sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Malocclusion was clinically examined by using Angle`s classification in 1880 OPD subjects out of which 710 were males and 1170 were females malocclusion. RESULTS: Results of this study showed that 75% of the total sample had malocclusion and most common type is Angle`s class I malocclusion (59.4%) CONCLUSION: Malocclusion has a high prevalence in our society. Angles class I is most prevalent among all age groups.
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This clinical report explains a convenient, efficient, yet effective alternative for management of fractured substructure cast bars for implant-retained overdentures. The technique allows the fracture to be repaired at low cost and short... more
This clinical report explains a convenient, efficient, yet effective alternative for management of fractured substructure cast bars for implant-retained overdentures. The technique allows the fracture to be repaired at low cost and short time without remaking the substructure and the denture and further allowing the patient to keep their denture. The report sketches the clinical and laboratory procedures involved in the repair.