Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literatu... more Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literature. The aim of the study was to assess the trends in complete denture impression materials and techniques among general dental practitioners (GDP) and specialists (SP) in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among 500 dentists in Pakistan. The three-part questionnaire enquired about the demographic features, preferred impression materials, impression techniques and related procedures commonly used in their clinical practice. A comparison between the responses of SP and GDP was also drawn. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 294 questionnaires were completed at a response rate of 58.8%. 75% of GDP used alginate for primary impressions and 66% of SP preferred impression compound for the same. A majority of both SP and GDP favoured the used of custom trays (SP 81%, GDP 85%...
The exact etiology of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS) is unknown. The management of RAS is not al... more The exact etiology of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS) is unknown. The management of RAS is not always straightforward. The aim of this review is to critically analyze and summarize the clinical literature focusing on the management of aphthous ulcers using low-level lasers. The Medline (PubMed), Web of Knowledge (ISI), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Embase databases were searched electronically for studies published in last 20 years (1995-2015) using the keywords "recurrent aphthous stomatitis," "aphthous ulcers," and "laser." A total of 85 articles were found during the initial search; 76 studies were excluded for not fulfilling the criteria whereas nine studies were deemed suitable for this review. Among the included studies, two articles were case reports and seven were randomized clinical trials. Study design, sample size, type of intervention and control of each study were critically analyzed and summarized according to the CONSORT protocol. In majority of the patients, immediate pain relief and accelerated ulcer healing was observed following irradiation with lasers. Although various types of lasers have succeeded in providing immediate pain relief to patients, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers have the unique advantage of requiring a short exposure time (5-10s). In order to ascertain the efficacy of laser for treating ulcers in the clinical setting, more clinical trials are required.
Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applic... more Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clinical applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mechanical properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mechanical stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addition, various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser) is used widely in a range of biom... more Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser) is used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (such as caries detection) and operative applications (such as tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser applications are patient's comfort, pain relief and better results for specific applications. Major concerns for using dental lasers frequently are high cost, need for specialized training and sensitivity of the technique thereby compromising its usefulness particularly in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and summarize the applications of lasers in restorative dentistry including a comparison of the applications of lasers for major restorative dental procedures and conventional clinical approaches. A remarkable increase in the applications of lasers for dental application is expected in the near future.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a wide-ranging class of host-defense molecules that act early t... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a wide-ranging class of host-defense molecules that act early to contest against microbial invasion and challenge. These are small cationic peptides that play an important in the development of innate immunity. In the oral cavity, the AMPs are produced by the salivary glands and the oral epithelium and serve defensive purposes. The aim of this review was to discuss the types and functions of oral AMPs and their role in combating microorganisms and infections in the oral cavity.
Purpose. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the relevant literature regarding th... more Purpose. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the relevant literature regarding the different ways how polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be modified to overcome its limited bioactivity, and thereby making it suitable as a dental implant material. Study Selection. An electronic literature search was conducted via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "PEEK dental implants," "nano," "osseointegration," "surface treatment," and "modification." A total of 16 in vivo and in vitro studies were found suitable to be included in this review. Results. There are many viable methods to increase the bioactivity of PEEK. Most methods focus on increasing the surface roughness, increasing the hydrophilicity and coating osseoconductive materials. Conclusion. There are many ways in which PEEK can be modified at a nanometer level to overcome its limited bioactivity. Melt-blending with bioactive nanoparticles can be used to produce bioactive nanocomposites, while spin-coating, gas plasma etching, electron beam, and plasma-ion immersion implantation can be used to modify the surface of PEEK implants in order to make them more bioactive. However, more animal studies are needed before these implants can be deemed suitable to be used as dental implants.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literatu... more Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literature. The aim of the study was to assess the trends in complete denture impression materials and techniques among general dental practitioners (GDP) and specialists (SP) in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among 500 dentists in Pakistan. The three-part questionnaire enquired about the demographic features, preferred impression materials, impression techniques and related procedures commonly used in their clinical practice. A comparison between the responses of SP and GDP was also drawn. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 294 questionnaires were completed at a response rate of 58.8%. 75% of GDP used alginate for primary impressions and 66% of SP preferred impression compound for the same. A majority of both SP and GDP favoured the used of custom trays (SP 81%, GDP 85%...
OBJECTIVE: To radiographically measure the thickness of dentin and width of pulp space for differ... more OBJECTIVE: To radiographically measure the thickness of dentin and width of pulp space for different age groups. METHODOLOGY: Non-pathological mandibular 2nd premolars with closed apices of 200 patients were evaluated radiographically using the Digora®radiographic imaging system. The sample was categorized into three groups; 15-29 years, 30-44 years and 45-59 years old. The dentin thickness and pulp space width were measured at different levels and recorded. SPSS version 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. One way ANOVA testing was done to statistically test the results. Level of significancewas kept at p value <0.05. RESULTS: It was observed that the mean dentin thickness was highest at levelA; 4.45mm+-0.54 in the 15-29 year age group.Whereas, the dentin thickness was highest at level B for the other age groups i.e., 4.59mm +- 0.56mm(30-44 years) and 4.69mm+- 0.39 (45-59 years) respectively.However, the lowestmean dentine thickness of all age groups was found at level E. Mor...
This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegrad... more This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted Materials 2015, 8 5745 much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literatu... more Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literature. The aim of the study was to assess the trends in complete denture impression materials and techniques among general dental practitioners (GDP) and specialists (SP) in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among 500 dentists in Pakistan. The three-part questionnaire enquired about the demographic features, preferred impression materials, impression techniques and related procedures commonly used in their clinical practice. A comparison between the responses of SP and GDP was also drawn. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 294 questionnaires were completed at a response rate of 58.8%. 75% of GDP used alginate for primary impressions and 66% of SP preferred impression compound for the same. A majority of both SP and GDP favoured the used of custom trays (SP 81%, GDP 85%...
The exact etiology of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS) is unknown. The management of RAS is not al... more The exact etiology of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS) is unknown. The management of RAS is not always straightforward. The aim of this review is to critically analyze and summarize the clinical literature focusing on the management of aphthous ulcers using low-level lasers. The Medline (PubMed), Web of Knowledge (ISI), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Embase databases were searched electronically for studies published in last 20 years (1995-2015) using the keywords &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;recurrent aphthous stomatitis,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;aphthous ulcers,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;laser.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; A total of 85 articles were found during the initial search; 76 studies were excluded for not fulfilling the criteria whereas nine studies were deemed suitable for this review. Among the included studies, two articles were case reports and seven were randomized clinical trials. Study design, sample size, type of intervention and control of each study were critically analyzed and summarized according to the CONSORT protocol. In majority of the patients, immediate pain relief and accelerated ulcer healing was observed following irradiation with lasers. Although various types of lasers have succeeded in providing immediate pain relief to patients, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers have the unique advantage of requiring a short exposure time (5-10s). In order to ascertain the efficacy of laser for treating ulcers in the clinical setting, more clinical trials are required.
Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applic... more Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clinical applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mechanical properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mechanical stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addition, various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser) is used widely in a range of biom... more Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser) is used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (such as caries detection) and operative applications (such as tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser applications are patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s comfort, pain relief and better results for specific applications. Major concerns for using dental lasers frequently are high cost, need for specialized training and sensitivity of the technique thereby compromising its usefulness particularly in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and summarize the applications of lasers in restorative dentistry including a comparison of the applications of lasers for major restorative dental procedures and conventional clinical approaches. A remarkable increase in the applications of lasers for dental application is expected in the near future.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a wide-ranging class of host-defense molecules that act early t... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a wide-ranging class of host-defense molecules that act early to contest against microbial invasion and challenge. These are small cationic peptides that play an important in the development of innate immunity. In the oral cavity, the AMPs are produced by the salivary glands and the oral epithelium and serve defensive purposes. The aim of this review was to discuss the types and functions of oral AMPs and their role in combating microorganisms and infections in the oral cavity.
Purpose. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the relevant literature regarding th... more Purpose. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the relevant literature regarding the different ways how polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be modified to overcome its limited bioactivity, and thereby making it suitable as a dental implant material. Study Selection. An electronic literature search was conducted via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;PEEK dental implants,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;nano,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;osseointegration,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;surface treatment,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;modification.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; A total of 16 in vivo and in vitro studies were found suitable to be included in this review. Results. There are many viable methods to increase the bioactivity of PEEK. Most methods focus on increasing the surface roughness, increasing the hydrophilicity and coating osseoconductive materials. Conclusion. There are many ways in which PEEK can be modified at a nanometer level to overcome its limited bioactivity. Melt-blending with bioactive nanoparticles can be used to produce bioactive nanocomposites, while spin-coating, gas plasma etching, electron beam, and plasma-ion immersion implantation can be used to modify the surface of PEEK implants in order to make them more bioactive. However, more animal studies are needed before these implants can be deemed suitable to be used as dental implants.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literatu... more Multiple materials and techniques have been reported for complete denture impressions in literature. The aim of the study was to assess the trends in complete denture impression materials and techniques among general dental practitioners (GDP) and specialists (SP) in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among 500 dentists in Pakistan. The three-part questionnaire enquired about the demographic features, preferred impression materials, impression techniques and related procedures commonly used in their clinical practice. A comparison between the responses of SP and GDP was also drawn. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 294 questionnaires were completed at a response rate of 58.8%. 75% of GDP used alginate for primary impressions and 66% of SP preferred impression compound for the same. A majority of both SP and GDP favoured the used of custom trays (SP 81%, GDP 85%...
OBJECTIVE: To radiographically measure the thickness of dentin and width of pulp space for differ... more OBJECTIVE: To radiographically measure the thickness of dentin and width of pulp space for different age groups. METHODOLOGY: Non-pathological mandibular 2nd premolars with closed apices of 200 patients were evaluated radiographically using the Digora®radiographic imaging system. The sample was categorized into three groups; 15-29 years, 30-44 years and 45-59 years old. The dentin thickness and pulp space width were measured at different levels and recorded. SPSS version 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. One way ANOVA testing was done to statistically test the results. Level of significancewas kept at p value <0.05. RESULTS: It was observed that the mean dentin thickness was highest at levelA; 4.45mm+-0.54 in the 15-29 year age group.Whereas, the dentin thickness was highest at level B for the other age groups i.e., 4.59mm +- 0.56mm(30-44 years) and 4.69mm+- 0.39 (45-59 years) respectively.However, the lowestmean dentine thickness of all age groups was found at level E. Mor...
This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegrad... more This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted Materials 2015, 8 5745 much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.
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