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Pour justifier et planifier leurs depenses informatiques, les directions des systemes dinformation sont depuis longtemps conduites a evaluer et auditer leurs applications informatiques. Les sites web developpes par les entreprises sont... more
Pour justifier et planifier leurs depenses informatiques, les directions des systemes dinformation sont depuis longtemps conduites a evaluer et auditer leurs applications informatiques. Les sites web developpes par les entreprises sont devenus des applications cruciales, voire strategiques, a linstar des sites de e-commerce. Dans cette communication, nous proposons une demarche daudit specifique pour levaluation dun site web, quelle que soit sa nature. Laudit du site web est fonde sur levaluation de la qualite de ce site en fonction dun nombre limite de criteres. Nous analysons les difficultes particulieres liees a ce type daudit, notamment dues au nombre de ses utilisateurs et a leur localisation. Nous degageons une demarche specifique inspiree de laudit dune application classique. Nous illustrons notre approche sur un cas reel. Enfin, les voies de recherche future sont decrites.
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Cet article compare deux methodes de passage d'une base de donnees reseau CODASYL a une base de donnees relationnelle. La premiere approche consiste en une migration directe d'un systeme a l'autre. La seconde inclut une etape... more
Cet article compare deux methodes de passage d'une base de donnees reseau CODASYL a une base de donnees relationnelle. La premiere approche consiste en une migration directe d'un systeme a l'autre. La seconde inclut une etape de retro-conception de la base a un niveau conceptuel. Les avantages et inconvenients des deux approches sont comparees et des regles de choix sont proposees.
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The effectiveness of a Design Science Research (DSR) project is judged both by the fitness of the designed artifact as a solution in the application environment and by the level of new research contributions. An important and understudied... more
The effectiveness of a Design Science Research (DSR) project is judged both by the fitness of the designed artifact as a solution in the application environment and by the level of new research contributions. An important and understudied challenge is how to translate DSR project research goals into discrete and measurable evaluation criteria for use in the DSR processes. This position paper proposes an inclusive approach for articulating DSR goals and then identifying project evaluation criteria for these goals. The goals are organized hierarchically as utilitarian goals, safety goals, interaction and communication goals, cognitive and aesthetic goals, innovation goals, and evolution goals. Goals in a DSR project are identified pragmatically by considering the components of the context coupled with the hierarchy of goals. Based on the identified goals, the associated evaluation criteria are determined and organized along the same hierarchy. These criteria measure the ability of the...
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this paper presents a novel approach for transforming Business Rules expressed with Semantic of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) into (BPMN) Business Process models. This transformation provides several benefits to Information System... more
this paper presents a novel approach for transforming Business Rules expressed with Semantic of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) into (BPMN) Business Process models. This transformation provides several benefits to Information System project stakeholders, such as: enhancing requirement validation and refinement, improving Business Processes documentation, and reducing their overall modeling effort. To bridge the gap between SBVR and BPMN, we propose novel transformation rules that cover structural and behavioral SBVR rules. We illustrate and discuss our transformations with the EU-Rent case study, provided in the OMG specification.
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Les projets de developpement de bases de donnees prosopographiques connaissent un essor important grâce a l'avenement des humanites numeriques. L'objectif principal de cet article est triple : 1) presenter un etat de l'art... more
Les projets de developpement de bases de donnees prosopographiques connaissent un essor important grâce a l'avenement des humanites numeriques. L'objectif principal de cet article est triple : 1) presenter un etat de l'art detaille relatif aux bases prosopographiques mais aussi aux concepts fondamentaux sous-jacents tels que l'evenement, le temps et l'incertain ; 2) proposer un nouveau modele conceptuel generique des bases de donnees prosopographiques ; 3) decrire son instantiation a la base britannique Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE). L'interet d'une telle approche reside dans la mise a disposition d'un outil riche et evolutif au service des historiens demunis face a la masse d'informations disponibles dans les sources semi-structurees.
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Les PME comme les grandes entreprises sont confrontees a la mobilite de leur personnel. Les bureaux virtuels offrent a ces collaborateurs la possibilite de gerer a distance la plupart des processus metiers et leur permettent d'acceder... more
Les PME comme les grandes entreprises sont confrontees a la mobilite de leur personnel. Les bureaux virtuels offrent a ces collaborateurs la possibilite de gerer a distance la plupart des processus metiers et leur permettent d'acceder a l'ensemble des applications, quelle que soit leur localisation. L'objectif de cet article est de determiner les facteurs qui influencent l'adoption par les entreprises de ces bureaux virtuels. Nous presentons un modele d'adoption qui integre des facteurs lies aux caracteristiques des employes, ceux associes a l'entreprise et enfin ceux qui prennent en consideration l'environnement de l'entreprise.
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Il nexiste pas de structure-type de la fonction SI. Toutefois, toute structuration de cette fonction doit tenir compte des opportunites offertes par les technologies de linformation, de la strategie et de la culture de lentreprise, du... more
Il nexiste pas de structure-type de la fonction SI. Toutefois, toute structuration de cette fonction doit tenir compte des opportunites offertes par les technologies de linformation, de la strategie et de la culture de lentreprise, du systeme dinformation existant et des hommes en place et, enfin, de lenvironnement economique de lentreprise. Lobjectif de ce chapitre est de montrer le degre de structuration de la fonction SI qui resulte de la pression conjuguee de ces differents facteurs.
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Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are currently the most popular database systems. The relational model of data is a simple and powerful model for representing real world applications. However, it lacks the expressiveness... more
Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are currently the most popular database systems. The relational model of data is a simple and powerful model for representing real world applications. However, it lacks the expressiveness present in conceptual models. Unlike the latter, the relational model does not make an extensive use of the generalization abstraction. Therefore, it does not allow the designer to represent directly a large variety of integrity constraints. Moreover, inclusion dependencies formalizing inter-relational constraints, can not directly be represented in the relational model, due to the fact that the relation is its unique building structure. Finally, relational databases lack concepts that allow the designer to represent inheritances in a natural way. A number of approaches have been proposed to extract from relational databases specialization/generalization links. In this paper we make a comparative study of six representative previous approaches which p...
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The main objective of Big data is to meet business competitiveness and facilitate decision-making. To achieve this goal, the implementation of a governance plan is necessary. In this article, we propose a big data governance evaluation... more
The main objective of Big data is to meet business competitiveness and facilitate decision-making. To achieve this goal, the implementation of a governance plan is necessary. In this article, we propose a big data governance evaluation approach based on the fact that big data governance is seen as an artifact having the characteristics of a system. We develop a multi-criteria hierarchy organized according to the main dimensions of systems theory. The approach is illustrated on a practical case.
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The humanities focus on understanding human beings and cultures. They include such disciplines as history, literature, and the arts. Digital humanities, defined as the application of IT to research and teaching in the humanities, is well... more
The humanities focus on understanding human beings and cultures. They include such disciplines as history, literature, and the arts. Digital humanities, defined as the application of IT to research and teaching in the humanities, is well established as a field in its own right. More particularly, research in the humanities is in demand of innovative and useful IT artifacts. This makes it a relevant application area for design science research (DSR). This also raises specific challenges to DSR researchers, due to the specific stakeholders and knowledge domains that come into play in the digital humanities. This paper focuses on prosopography, a branch of digital humanities that represents and interprets historical data, sourced from texts describing historical person’s life. Starting from typical issues addressed by prosopographical researchers, we identify relevant IT artifacts to address these issues, making DSR relevant for prosopographical research. We adapt and instantiate Hevner’s DSR framework to the specific case of prosopography, as a first step towards defining a DSR framework for the humanities more generally. Based on this adapted and instantiated DSR framework, we propose two artifacts: requirements and a methodology for prosopography. We demonstrate the methodology on a prosopography scenario.
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The design science research DSR paradigm is now established and reco gnized within the information systems IS community. The members of the DSR community have a common language and shared perceptions. However, it remains to define what... more
The design science research DSR paradigm is now established and reco gnized within the information systems IS community. The members of the DSR community have a common language and shared perceptions. However, it remains to define what constitutes the fundamental issues, theories, applications, and the main findings in this area. In other words, how may the knowledge of the field be characterized? The aim of this paper is to determine and analyze the DSR body of knowledge, based on publications in the DESRIST conference. To this end, we perform a citation and co-citation analysis of the papers published in this conference between 2009 and 2015. The co-citation analysis leads to the identification of several clusters representing what we believe to be a good overview of the structure of the DSR body of knowledge. We contend that our findings will help researchers to identify DSR areas likely to lead to future research.
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Modelisation en UML de politiques de securite lors de l'elaboration du PIM (Platform Independent Model) ; Etude des mecanismes de securite existants dans l'infrastructure d'implementation afin d'appliquer la politique de... more
Modelisation en UML de politiques de securite lors de l'elaboration du PIM (Platform Independent Model) ; Etude des mecanismes de securite existants dans l'infrastructure d'implementation afin d'appliquer la politique de securite choisie dans le PSM (Platform Specific Model). Definition d'un ensemble de regles permettant de passer du PIM au PSM.
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L'externalisation des systemes d'information represente un phenomene complexe dans la vie des organisations, amplifie par la mise en place du commerce electronique. Les chercheurs et les praticiens n'ont qu'une... more
L'externalisation des systemes d'information represente un phenomene complexe dans la vie des organisations, amplifie par la mise en place du commerce electronique. Les chercheurs et les praticiens n'ont qu'une comprehension partielle de ce phenomene. Ils n'en offrent au mieux qu'une justification incomplete. La raison est double : d'une part, il n'existe pas de cadre conceptuel formel ; d'autre part, le recours a la rationalite represente le seul fondement theorique. La plupart des travaux s'interessent principalement aux consequences de l'externalisation. Ils en abordent peu les causes. L'objet principal de cet article est de fournir un cadre conceptuel qui contribue a expliquer les causes de l'externalisation des systemes d'information. Il s'inspire largement de l'approche utilisee par Budros dans son etude de l'innovation. Notre vision est que l'externalisation des systemes d'information s'inscrit da...
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La prosopographie est une methode permettant d’etudier un groupe social en comparant les itineraires biographiques particuliers de chacun de ses membres. Il s’agit d’approcher un groupe, d’en comprendre les fonctionnements, sans en... more
La prosopographie est une methode permettant d’etudier un groupe social en comparant les itineraires biographiques particuliers de chacun de ses membres. Il s’agit d’approcher un groupe, d’en comprendre les fonctionnements, sans en negliger les trajectoires singulieres. Elle repose sur une enquete precise, documentee, de chaque individu de la population determinee. [...]
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La recherche en histoire s'appuie principalement sur l'etude des sources d'information historique. Les resultats de cette recherche dependent largement de la qualite des sources d'information. L'objectif de cet article... more
La recherche en histoire s'appuie principalement sur l'etude des sources d'information historique. Les resultats de cette recherche dependent largement de la qualite des sources d'information. L'objectif de cet article est de decrire les premiers elements d'une approche d'evaluation automatique de la credibilite des sources d'information historique numerisees. Fondee sur une approche des sciences de conception (design science), notre contribution comporte un modele conceptuel decrivant les caracteristiques principales des sources d'information historique et une demarche algorithmique d'estimation de la credibilite fondee sur ce modele. La suite de cette recherche consistera en l'application de cette approche a la recherche prosopographique medievale.
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Prosopography aims to study similarities in the trajectories of people in their biography. It is based on a database containing information relating to people from a specific environment defined chronologically and geographically. The... more
Prosopography aims to study similarities in the trajectories of people in their biography. It is based on a database containing information relating to people from a specific environment defined chronologically and geographically. The objective of this article is to propose a state of the art of prosopographic databases emphasizing its specific concepts and the research relating to the modeling of these concepts. We present different definitions of prosopography. Then we describe the prosopographic method which has undergone a certain evolution due to the use of computerized databases. An overview of these prosopographic databases is presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The main concepts of these systems are described, including the person who is the central concept, the onomastics which allows the study of the names of people and institutions and the biographical notes which list the events to which people are linked. The description of these events raises the ...
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International audienceThis paper presents a novel approach for transforming Business Rules expressed with Semantic of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) into (BPMN) Business Process models. This transformation provides several benefits... more
International audienceThis paper presents a novel approach for transforming Business Rules expressed with Semantic of Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) into (BPMN) Business Process models. This transformation provides several benefits to Information System project stakeholders, such as: enhancing requirement validation and refinement, improving Business Processes documentation, and reducing their overall modeling effort. To bridge the gap between SBVR and BPMN, we propose novel transformation rules that cover structural and behavioral SBVR rules. We illustrate and discuss our transformations with the EU-Rent case study, provided in the OMG specification
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The aim of this article is to describe an experiment of change management conducted by Air Inter for its information system end-users. We first present current views on organizational changes and information technologies. A framework of... more
The aim of this article is to describe an experiment of change management conducted by Air Inter for its information system end-users. We first present current views on organizational changes and information technologies. A framework of planned change is presented and discussed. The experiment of Air Inter is analysed using this framework. The operational aspects of managing change by Air Inter for the end-users are proposed. Finally, some directions of further research are suggested
The aim of this article is to describe an experiment of change management conducted by Air Inter for its information system end-users. We first present current views on organizational changes and information technologies. A framework of... more
The aim of this article is to describe an experiment of change management conducted by Air Inter for its information system end-users. We first present current views on organizational changes and information technologies. A framework of planned change is presented and discussed. The experiment of Air Inter is analysed using this framework. The operational aspects of managing change by Air Inter for the end-users are proposed. Finally, some directions of further research are suggested
PCT No. PCT/FR97/02059 Sec. 371 Date May 18, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 18, 1999 PCT Filed Nov. 17, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/22235 PCT Pub. Date May 28, 1998The invention concerns a device and a method for straightening out damaged metal and... more
PCT No. PCT/FR97/02059 Sec. 371 Date May 18, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 18, 1999 PCT Filed Nov. 17, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/22235 PCT Pub. Date May 28, 1998The invention concerns a device and a method for straightening out damaged metal and plastic elements. The device for straightening out a deformed element is characterized in that it comprises means for exerting pressure (3) on the deformed element (2), means for heating (6) the deformed element, at least a support reinforcement (5) secured to the deformed element (2), optionally a template (7) having the original shape of the deformed element, optionally an external support. The invention is generally useful for repairing deformed metal and plastic elements.
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ABSTRACT Tout système d'information connaît des changements du fait de différents facteurs : évolution des besoins fonctionnels et non fonctionnels, modification des règles de gestion, changement d'activités inhérentes aux... more
ABSTRACT Tout système d'information connaît des changements du fait de différents facteurs : évolution des besoins fonctionnels et non fonctionnels, modification des règles de gestion, changement d'activités inhérentes aux processus métiers, adaptation aux nouvelles plateformes technologiques, changement dans les organisations et dans leur stratégie, etc. L'objectif de cet article est de caractériser ces changements afin de mieux identifier les contributions de la recherche à cette problématique de l'évolution des systèmes d'information. Plusieurs cadres de référence sont proposés et discutés. Tout indique l'émergence d'un nouveau champ, celui de l'ingénierie des évolutions.