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- Dr. Vadim J. Birstein, a Russian-American who arrived in the United States in 1991, is a historian and molecular gene... moreDr. Vadim J. Birstein, a Russian-American who arrived in the United States in 1991, is a historian and molecular geneticist and is recognized as one of the world’s greatest authorities on the endangered sturgeons. Born in Moscow and educated at Moscow State University, he received his Candidate of Sciences Degree in 1971, and Doctor of Sciences, in 1988. He is the author of over 150 scientific papers published in such journals as Nature, Nature Genetics, Systematics and Evolution, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Copeia, Journal of Heredity, Biologisches Zentralblatt and many others, as well as International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence and the Wilson Center’s e-Dossier, of three scientific books, two history books, and a book about his father, the prominent zoologist, Jacob A. Birstein, and the life of Moscow intelligentsia from the 1920s to 1970s.edit
The core problem that has persisted in the Raoul Wallenberg investigation for decades was that Russian officials, in particular those of the FSB, claimed that it is clear that Raoul Wallenberg died in 1947 and that they possess no more... more
The core problem that has persisted in the Raoul Wallenberg investigation for decades was that Russian officials, in particular those of the FSB, claimed that it is clear that Raoul Wallenberg died in 1947 and that they possess no more information or documentation that could shed light on the exact circumstances of Raoul Wallenberg’s fate. According to them, the progress in the case could be made only if new details surface by accident. For their part, Swedish authorities have essentially accepted the Russian government's position. As a result, the investigation of the Wallenberg case has been stuck in a nearly complete impasse ever since 2000 when the Working Group concluded its official investigation. The report of the Swedish part of the Working Group showed many gaps in the approach to the Russian archival documentation, including the lack of access to the original, uncensored documentation, and a lack of detailed knowledge about the Soviet administrative system and the structure of the Soviet security services, as well as the Soviet prison system during the years 1945‒53, which affected the interpretation of documents and historical events in the report. Authors suggest steps of the further investigation, including in Russian and Swedish archives.
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During this session, the crucial question Why did Swedish officials so readily accept as early as the end of 1945 that Raoul Wallenberg was dead and could not be saved? was discussed, in particular, in connection with new archival... more
During this session, the crucial question Why did Swedish officials so readily accept as early as the end of 1945 that Raoul Wallenberg was dead and could not be saved? was discussed, in particular, in connection with new archival documents that became available. The main points were: 1) What happened to Raoul Wallenberg in the crucial summer of 1947? 2) Why did the Soviet leader Josef Stalin order Raoul Wallenberg's detention and why did he never release him? 3) Viewed from the Swedish perspective, why were the efforts on Wallenberg’s behalf so passive? The authors suggest new steps of the investigation of the Raoul Wallenberg case that should be taken in Sweden and Russia.
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The life of Tatiana Maksimovna Birshtein, an outstanding St. Petersburg polymer scientist (1928‒2022), and her family. It begins in the 19th Century and continues to the present, including the problems of Jews in Imperial Russia, the... more
The life of Tatiana Maksimovna Birshtein, an outstanding St. Petersburg polymer scientist (1928‒2022), and her family. It begins in the 19th Century and continues to the present, including the problems of Jews in Imperial Russia, the political purges in the 1930s that affected the life of Tatiana Maksimovna’s aunt Maria (also Mary) Birshtein, an internationally recognized economist, and some other relatives, anti-Semitic laws in Germany in the 1930s that affected the life of her other aunt Vera Birstein, a prominent chemist, the emigration of some relatives to the United States, the Leningrad Siege, and Stalin’s anti-Semitic campaign in the late 1940s-early 1950s. In 2007, Tatiana Maksimovna was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize "For Women in Science" "for her contribution to the understanding of shapes, sizes, and movement of large molecules.”
Research Interests: Jewish Studies, History of Science, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Protein Structure and Function, Russian Jewish history and culture, and 9 moreBehavioral Game Theory, Experimental Economics, History of Russian Jewry, Jews in the Russian empire, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian scientific emigration, the Siege of Leningrad, Jewish science, German - Jewish History in Nature sciences and Medicine, and Siege of Leningrad
It is widely known that in September 1991, the Swedish-Russian Working Group on Raoul Wallenberg, commissioned to inquire into his fate, started its work. 1 It consisted mostly of officials from both countries, Sweden and Russia, and... more
It is widely known that in September 1991, the Swedish-Russian Working Group on Raoul Wallenberg, commissioned to inquire into his fate, started its work. 1 It consisted mostly of officials from both countries, Sweden and Russia, and worked until the end of 2000. It is much less known that during the same 1991, in parallel with the creation of the official Swedish-Russian Working Group on Wallenberg, a separate, the so-called Arzhannikov Interviewing Group was formed for debriefings of former SMERSH (Soviet military counterintelligence, 1943-46)/MGB (State Security Ministry, 1946-53) officers who possibly were connected with the Wallenberg case in 1945-47.
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Molecular phylogeny based on the analysis of partial sequences of mitochondrial (mt) cy-tochrome b (cyt b), 12S, and 16S genes supports a close relationship between the European Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser sturio L., 1758, and the... more
Molecular phylogeny based on the analysis of partial sequences of mitochondrial (mt) cy-tochrome b (cyt b), 12S, and 16S genes supports a close relationship between the European Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser sturio L., 1758, and the American Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815. These sister species form a separate clade within the genus Acipenser and appear to be the most basal clade with respect to all other species of the genus. Intraspecifically, at least two different genetic forms have been found within A. sturio (in the Northern and Baltic seas), but no defined subspecies exist. For A. oxyrinchus, fixed differences in the control region and cyt b gene distinguish the two subspecies, the Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 and the Gulf of Mexico sturgeon A. oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955. Within A. o. oxyrinchus, a pronounced latitudinal cline in haplotype diversity exists from north to south along the eastern coast of North America. Th...
In 2016, two versions of a chapter concerning Raoul Wallenberg attributed to Ivan Serov, a high-level NKVD (Internal affairs Commissariat) officer and then the first KGB (State Security Committee) Chairman, and, finally, head of the... more
In 2016, two versions of a chapter concerning Raoul Wallenberg attributed to Ivan Serov, a high-level NKVD (Internal affairs Commissariat) officer and then the first KGB (State Security Committee) Chairman, and, finally, head of the Soviet external military intelligence, GRU, were published. The first version was obtained in 2002 in Moscow by a British amateur researcher of the Soviet atomic bomb, Nigel Bance, and published as part of his book “The Liquidation of Raoul Wallenberg.” The second version was published as part of Serov’s memoir in Russian “Zapiski iz chemodana” [“Notes from a Suitcase”], compiled and commented on by Serov’s granddaughter Vera Serova and annotated by Aleksandr Khinshtein (Hinstein), a journalist and a member of the Russian State Duma (Parliament) representing Vladimir Putin’s party Yedinaya Rossiya (United Russia). This article describes the inconsistences in these two versions within the events of Serov’s real biography
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Russian authorities apparently know much more about the full circumstances of Raoul Wallenberg's fate than they have admitted, yet Swedish officials do not push for answers This year marks the 75th anniversary of Raoul Wallenberg's... more
Russian authorities apparently know much more about the full circumstances of Raoul Wallenberg's fate than they have admitted, yet Swedish officials do not push for answers This year marks the 75th anniversary of Raoul Wallenberg's humanitarian mission to Budapest, to save the close to 200,000 Hungarian Jews that remained in the Hungarian capital from certain death at the hands of the Nazis. Wallenberg's important legacy of empathy and courage has gained increasing recognition, also in his home country. However, this does not mean that all is well with the Wallenberg case in Swedenin particular, with the official Swedish handling of the continuing efforts by Raoul Wallenberg's family to clarify the full circumstances of his fate.
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Raoul Wallenberg’s previously unknown contact with the Hamburg merchant Ludolph Christensen who enjoyed the protection of SS General Karl Wolff, Heinrich Himmler’s right-hand man, sheds new light on the origins of Wallenberg’s... more
Raoul Wallenberg’s previously unknown contact with the Hamburg merchant Ludolph Christensen who enjoyed the protection of SS General Karl Wolff, Heinrich Himmler’s right-hand man, sheds new light on the origins of Wallenberg’s humanitarian mission to Hungary in 1944. Their association throughout the war highlights the complex nature of wartime business affairs and may provide additional avenues for clarifying Wallenberg’s disappearance in the Soviet Union in 1945.
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Note from the translator. This is a translation of the pages of typewritten that were produced in court in Moscow in connection with the libel case of against Boris Sokolov, who has questioned what portions of the text presented in "Notes... more
Note from the translator. This is a translation of the pages of typewritten that were produced in court in Moscow in connection with the libel case of against Boris Sokolov, who has questioned what portions of the text presented in "Notes from a Suitcase", the purported memoir of Ivan Serov, was written by him. An examination of the typewritten pages and the text in "Notes from the Suitcase" reveals that they are exactly the same. In my translation I have tried to retain the character of the text, which is written in poor Russian and contains numerous grammar mistakes. I tried to be as close to the Russian original as possible, but some phrases in English sound much smoother that they are in the Russian original. In 2016, an exhibition glorifying Ivan Serov and promoting his book Notes from a Suitcase was opened in Moscow. An old portable typewriter, a German "Kolibri", was among the exhibits. These typewriters were manufactured in Eastern Germany in the 1950s-60s and sold in the Soviet Union. Apparently, the exhibited typewriter was the one on which Serov's wife Vera typed his handwritten texts. It would be interesting to get a professional evaluation of whether the 6-page text about the Wallenberg case was typed on that typewriter. But if it was, this does not prove that the text was, in fact, written by Serov and even if it was, there could be changes and insertions in it made by other persons before typing. Without any real proof of Serov's authorship, this text can not be considered authentic. The footnotes in the text below describe my observations about the claims in the text.-V. B.
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Raoul Wallenberg and his company fulfilled an important role in the Swedish official "Economic Defense Readiness" program (Rikskommissionen för Ekonomisk Försvarsberedskap). The fact that the Swedish military and its respective... more
Raoul Wallenberg and his company fulfilled an important role in the Swedish official "Economic Defense Readiness" program (Rikskommissionen för Ekonomisk Försvarsberedskap). The fact that the Swedish military and its respective intelligence services oversaw this program may explain the claims that Wallenberg functioned as an agent of Swedish intelligence during World War II. Many details of Raoul Wallenberg's life, especially regarding his personal and professional background, remain unknown. Over the years, the information has been blended out by journalists, historians and researchers, as they distilled the essence of the Wallenberg story into its current, rather generalized form. Some of the lost facets of the story may not only help to explain the official handling of the case by Swedish and Russian authorities over the years, but may also provide helpful clues for the future investigation of Wallenberg's fate.
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An interview of Dr. Birstein regarding problems with the publication of the the book "SMERSH, Stalin's Secret Weapon" in Russia, and connection with the Raoul Wallenberg case
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The article discusses Raoul Wallenberg's important contacts in Sweden and Hungary
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The recent publication of two statements written for Soviet interrogators by Willy Rödel, Raoul Wallenberg's cellmate in Soviet captivity, are the clearest sign yet that Russian archives still contain critically important documents in the... more
The recent publication of two statements written for Soviet interrogators by Willy Rödel, Raoul Wallenberg's cellmate in Soviet captivity, are the clearest sign yet that Russian archives still contain critically important documents in the Wallenberg case. * Russian authorities are believed to have intentionally withheld at least fiftyseven pages from Rode's file * The missing documentation most likely contains important information about Raoul Wallenberg
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We are writing to you to share the information enclosed below. As you know, over the last few years, we have continued an often slow but productive exchange with the archives of the Federal Security Services of the Russian Federation... more
We are writing to you to share the information enclosed below. As you know, over the last few years, we have continued an often slow but productive exchange with the archives of the Federal Security Services of the Russian Federation (FSB). The latest round of discussions, in November 2009, have yielded a resounding surprise. In a formal reply to several questions regarding Russian prison interrogation registers from 1947, FSB archivists stated that "with great likelihood" Raoul Wallenberg became "Prisoner No. 7" in Moscow's Lubyanka prison some time that year. The archivists added that "Prisoner No. 7" had been interrogated on July 23, 1947 which-if confirmed-would mean that the Soviet era claims of Wallenberg's death on July 17, 1947 are no longer valid. Never before have Russian officials stated the possibility of Raoul Wallenberg's survival past this date so explicitly.
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This article was first published in Russia by Novoe vremya: "Doprosy na Lubyanke," No.1 (1993), pp. 42-43. In references to the materials presented below, please, cite the Russian source or this site. The additional comments were written... more
This article was first published in Russia by Novoe vremya: "Doprosy na Lubyanke," No.1 (1993), pp. 42-43. In references to the materials presented below, please, cite the Russian source or this site. The additional comments were written in 2006.
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"The Secret of Cell Number Seven, The Mysterious Fate of An “Extremely Important Prisoner” was s first published in Russia by Nezamisimaya gazeta: “Taina kamery nomer sem”, p.4, April 25, 1991 and republished later that year in Poland by... more
"The Secret of Cell Number Seven, The Mysterious Fate of An “Extremely Important Prisoner” was s first published in Russia by Nezamisimaya gazeta: “Taina kamery nomer sem”, p.4, April 25, 1991 and republished later that year in Poland by Gazeta Wyborcza: Birsztein, W, “Kiedy zginal
Wallenberg?”, No. 165 (634), July 17, 1991, p. 9 (translated into Polish) . In references to the materials presented below, please, cite the Russian source or this site. The additional comments were written in 2006.
Wallenberg?”, No. 165 (634), July 17, 1991, p. 9 (translated into Polish) . In references to the materials presented below, please, cite the Russian source or this site. The additional comments were written in 2006.
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There are many puzzles and mysteries in the whole story of the Raoul Wallenberg case. One of them is: Why were the Swedish authorities so active in their efforts to release Swedish citizens who were detained by the Soviets and kept in a... more
There are many puzzles and mysteries in the whole story of the Raoul Wallenberg case. One of them is: Why were the Swedish authorities so active in their efforts to release Swedish citizens who were detained by the Soviets and kept in a camp for prisoners-of-war (POWs), and so passive regarding Wallenberg in 1945–46, who was also listed as a POW, but kept in an investigative prison of the Soviet security service? To illustrate this point, it is necessary to analyze how the Swedish journalist Edward af Sandeberg was released. Surprisingly, Swedsih diplomats and the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (UD) were very concerned about him during 1945–46.
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Comments on Sudoplatov's statements about Raoul Wallenberg in his book Special Tasks
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Molecular phylogeny based on the analysis of partial sequences of mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b (cyt b), 12S, and 16S genes supports a close relationship between the European Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser sturio L., 1758, and the American... more
Molecular phylogeny based on the analysis of partial sequences of mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b (cyt b), 12S, and 16S genes supports a close relationship between the European Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser sturio L., 1758, and the American Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815. These sister species form a separate clade within the genus Acipenser and appear to be the most basal clade with respect to all other species of the genus. Intraspecifically, at least two different genetic forms have been found within A. sturio (in the Northern and Baltic seas), but no defined subspecies exist. For A. oxyrinchus, fixed differences in the control region and cyt b gene distinguish the two subspecies, the Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 and the Gulf of Mexico sturgeon A. oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955. Within A. o. oxyrinchus, a pronounced latitudinal cline in haplotype diversity exists from north to south along the eastern coast of North America. Thi...
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The review of the data on karyology and DNA content in Acipenseriformes shows that both extant families, the Polyodontidae and Acipenseridae, originated from a tetraploid ancestor which probably had a karyotype consisting of 120 macro-and... more
The review of the data on karyology and DNA content in Acipenseriformes shows that both extant families, the Polyodontidae and Acipenseridae, originated from a tetraploid ancestor which probably had a karyotype consisting of 120 macro-and microchromosomes and DNA content of about 3.2–3.8 pg per nucleus. The tetraploidization of the presumed 60-chromosome ancestor seems to have occurred at an early time
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The family Acipenseridae consists of 25 extant sturgeon species (19 species of Acipenserinae and 6 species of Scaphirhynchinae). Together with two extant paddlefish species, Polyodon spathula and Psephurus gladius (Polyodontidae), it... more
The family Acipenseridae consists of 25 extant sturgeon species (19 species of Acipenserinae and 6 species of Scaphirhynchinae). Together with two extant paddlefish species, Polyodon spathula and Psephurus gladius (Polyodontidae), it composes the order Acipenseriformes, the most numerous of all living "fossil" fishes. This paper presents results of sequencing of three regions of the cytochrome b gene (650 bp), and fragments of 12S (150 bp) and 16S (350 bp) rRNA genes, from all extant species of Acipenserinae (species of Acipenser and Huso) and Scaphirhynchus albus (Scaphirhynchinae). The phylogenetic tree obtained for combined data is the first comprehensive treatment of phylogeny within the Acipenserinae. Three general conclusions are inferred from the tree: (1) The pallid sturgeon, S. albus, is the sister-species of all species of Acipenser and Huso. (2) The two species of Huso are embedded within the genus Acipenser. It also appears that Huso is not a separate taxonomic...
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Zoology, Geology, Paleontology, and 13 moreMolecular Evolution, Phylogeny, Mitochondrial DNA, Europe, Animals, Asia, Fishes, Molecular phylogeny, Evolutionary History, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, North America, Phylogenetic Tree, and Molecular Sequence Data
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Vadim J. Birstein1, William E. Bemis2 & John R. Waldman3 1 The Sturgeon Society, 331 W57th Street, Suite 159, New York, NY10019, USA 2 Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of... more
Vadim J. Birstein1, William E. Bemis2 & John R. Waldman3 1 The Sturgeon Society, 331 W57th Street, Suite 159, New York, NY10019, USA 2 Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA ...
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Vadim J. Birstein1 & William E. Bemis2 1 The Sturgeon Society, 331 West 57th Street, Suite 159, New York, NY 10019, USA 2 Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of... more
Vadim J. Birstein1 & William E. Bemis2 1 The Sturgeon Society, 331 West 57th Street, Suite 159, New York, NY 10019, USA 2 Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Mas-sachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Most museums of natural history have as one of their missions uncovering the relatedness among species. Traditionally, scientists have used measurements of physical characteristics, embryology, and the fossil record to help determine this... more
Most museums of natural history have as one of their missions uncovering the relatedness among species. Traditionally, scientists have used measurements of physical characteristics, embryology, and the fossil record to help determine this relatedness. Many ...
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Research Interests: Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Science, Developmental Biology, and 15 moreClimate Change, Computational Biology, Biotechnology, Cancer, Biology, Cell Cycle, Ecology, Drug Discovery, Evolution, Astrophysics, Functional Genomics, Astronomy, DNA, Cell Signalling, and Earth Science
ABSTRACT The variegated position-effect for Pgd locus coding for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. Transposition of the left end of the X-chromosome carrying the Pgd locus to the proximal... more
ABSTRACT The variegated position-effect for Pgd locus coding for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. Transposition of the left end of the X-chromosome carrying the Pgd locus to the proximal heterochromatin of the same chromosome in a Dp(1;f)R rearrangement results in the inactivation of Pgd locus. The elimination of the Y-chromosome and a decrease of the temperature at which the flies developed resulted in a strong enhancement of inactivation of the Pgd locus—the total activity of enzyme in the crude extracts of flies was significantly reduced. Decrease of the activity of the electrophoretically fast form of PGD coded for by the PgdA allele in the rearrangement was observed while the activity of the homologous locus in the normal X-chromosome of the same individual remained unaffected. A decrease of PGD activity was correlated with the extent of variegated position-effect for adjacent genes (sc, dor and pn) whose inactivation could be visually estimated.
Research Interests: Genetics, Molecular Biology, Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics & Microbial Biotechnology, Mutation, and 10 moreSodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Phenotype, Genes, Genotype, Isoenzymes, Microbial genetics and cell biology, X chromosome, Densitometry, Heterochromatin, and Chromosome aberrations
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Research Interests: Genetics, Forensics, Population Genetics, Lake Baikal, Population genetics (Biology), and 15 morePhylogeny, Mitochondrial DNA, Animals, Fishes, Statistical Significance, Cytochrome c oxidase, Geographic distribution, Control Region, DNA Barcode, Genetic variation, Subspecies, Species Specificity, Base Sequence, Biochemistry and cell biology, and Molecular Sequence Data
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ABSTRACT A survey of three mitochondrial DNA regions (control region, NADH5, cytochrome b) and comprehensive sequencing of the control region (631–646 bps) was conducted to examine whether subspecies and geographic populations within... more
ABSTRACT A survey of three mitochondrial DNA regions (control region, NADH5, cytochrome b) and comprehensive sequencing of the control region (631–646 bps) was conducted to examine whether subspecies and geographic populations within three species of Eurasian sturgeons, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, and Huso huso, are genetically distinct. Neither subspecies nor populations exhibited diagnostic distinction or reciprocal monophyly in any gene region examined. For the control region, molecular variance analyses (amova) indicate that most of the variance is because of differences among haplotypes within subspecies (H. huso: 99.6%; A. stellatus: 95.0%; A. gueldenstaedtii: 81.0%) and populations (A. gueldenstaedtii: 76.1%). Significant pairwise F-values were found for all pairwise comparisons except for Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea A. gueldenstaedtii and Caspian Sea and Black Sea A. stellatus and H. huso. Only weak genetic differentiation is apparent between select subspecies and populations, reflective of biogeographic and management history. High genetic diversity within A. gueldenstaedtii suggests the possibility of additional population structure. Future research and management projects should consider these results.
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... 22 22. Biography of Vyacheslav R. Menzhisky (1874–1934) in George Leggett, The Cheka, pp. 274–276, and details in Oleg Mozokhin and Teodor Gladkov, Menzhinsky. ... 41 41. Details in TeodorGladkov, Nagrada za... more
... 22 22. Biography of Vyacheslav R. Menzhisky (1874–1934) in George Leggett, The Cheka, pp. 274–276, and details in Oleg Mozokhin and Teodor Gladkov, Menzhinsky. ... 41 41. Details in TeodorGladkov, Nagrada za vernost' – kazn' (Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2000) (in Russian). ...
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ABSTRACT The karyotypes of three marine trematode species of the genus Microphallus (Microphallidae), M. pygmaeus, M. piriformis and M. triangulatus, the most typical parasites of Littorina saxatilis (Gastropoda), are similar and include... more
ABSTRACT The karyotypes of three marine trematode species of the genus Microphallus (Microphallidae), M. pygmaeus, M. piriformis and M. triangulatus, the most typical parasites of Littorina saxatilis (Gastropoda), are similar and include 9 pairs of bi-armed chromosomes, of which two pairs are represented by large meta- and submetacentrics, and 7 pairs are smaller chromosomes. It is proposed that the ancestral trematode karyotype consisted of 20 chromosomes and, therefore, the karyotypes of the microphallids are the advanced ones.
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Page 1. KARYOTYPE AND GENOME SIZE OF PELODYTES CAUCASICUS (AMPHIBIA, PELOBATIDAE) AL MAZIN 1 , VJ BIRSTEIN 2 & TO ALEXANDROVSKAYA 2 ... A com-parative study of the chromosomes from five species of the genus Rana (Amphibia,... more
Page 1. KARYOTYPE AND GENOME SIZE OF PELODYTES CAUCASICUS (AMPHIBIA, PELOBATIDAE) AL MAZIN 1 , VJ BIRSTEIN 2 & TO ALEXANDROVSKAYA 2 ... A com-parative study of the chromosomes from five species of the genus Rana (Amphibia, Salientia). ...
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Interview of Vadim Birstein by Radio Freedom regarding Dr. Birstein's book "Stalin's Secret Weapon".