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Solar air heating devices have been employed in a wide range of industrial and home applications for solar energy conversion and recovery. It is a useful technique for increasing the rate of heat transfer by artificially creating... more
Solar air heating devices have been employed in a wide range of industrial and home applications for solar energy conversion and recovery. It is a useful technique for increasing the rate of heat transfer by artificially creating repetitive roughness on the absorbing surface in the form of semicircular ribs. A thermo-hydraulic performance analysis for a fully developed turbulent flow through rib-roughened solar air heater (SAH) is presented in this article by employing computational fluid dynamics. Both 2-dimensional geometrical modeling and numerical solutions were performed in the finite volume package ANSYS FLUENT. The renormalization-group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model was used, as it is suitable for low Reynolds number (Re) turbulent flows. A thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of an SAH was carried out for a ranging Re, 3800–18,000 (6 sets); relative roughness pitch (RRP), 5–25 (12 sets); relative roughness height (RRH), 0.03–0.06 (3 sets); and heat flux, 1000 W/m2. The numeric...
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Improvement in TFT performance has been achieved by introducing a solution-processed ultra-smooth nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (a-C) thin film in between gate dielectric and semiconductor.
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Deep UV radiation is commonly used as a disinfectant with an appropriate dose for better efficacy. However, continuous monitoring of UV radiation is required to have appropriate dose exposure for proper disinfection. This article reports... more
Deep UV radiation is commonly used as a disinfectant with an appropriate dose for better efficacy. However, continuous monitoring of UV radiation is required to have appropriate dose exposure for proper disinfection. This article reports a low-cost solution-processed fabrication method of the UV photodetector (PD) with a device geometry of Al/MoS<sub>2</sub> quantum dots (QDs)/Al on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate, which is sensitive to deep UV radiations ~275 nm, commonly used for water and surfaces disinfection technologies. Colloidal MoS<sub>2</sub> QDs with an average size of 1.99 nm have been synthesized by an inexpensive hydrothermal method. The surface ligand of MoS<sub>2</sub> QDs has been replaced by a shorter ligand 1, 2-ethanedithiol (EDT) to reduce dot-to-dot distance. The fabricated device shows high responsivity (21.62 mA/W), external quantum efficiency (EQE) (9.74%), and detectivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.57\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>10</sup> Jones) under the deep UV irradiation of ~275 nm. The PD has a good photoresponse speed of rise and decay times of 173 and 92 ms, respectively.
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The electrical conductivity of indium–tin oxide (In–Sn-O) arises from the conduction band electrons, which largely varies on the ratio of In and Sn. By exploiting this large variation of electrical conductivity, this material could be... more
The electrical conductivity of indium–tin oxide (In–Sn-O) arises from the conduction band electrons, which largely varies on the ratio of In and Sn. By exploiting this large variation of electrical conductivity, this material could be treated both as a semiconductor and a transparent conductor. Interestingly, incorporation of lithium (Li) ion can convert it to an effective insulator when the ratio of Li, In, and Sn becomes equal and could be successfully used as a gate dielectric of a thin-film transistor (TFT). In this work, LiInSnO<sub>4</sub> (LITO) thin film has been deposited by a solution-processed technique, which shows high areal capacitance due to its mobile Li-ion. A low operating voltage (≤2 V) solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) TFT has been fabricated by using this LiInSnO<sub>4</sub> thin film as a gate dielectric. The carrier mobility of this ZnO TFT has been enhanced by one order by the addition of one titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) gate interface due to the reduction of dielectric/semiconductor interface trap state. Our optimized ZnO TFT with TiO<sub>2</sub> gate interface shows the carrier mobility of 5.66 cm<sup>2</sup>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\,\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>,s with an ON/ OFF ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
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The enormous amount of the pollutants being dumped constantly from the various industries, including pharmaceutical causes severe damages to the natural resources e.g. water, soil. As an alternative method, bioremediation is used to treat... more
The enormous amount of the pollutants being dumped constantly from the various industries, including pharmaceutical causes severe damages to the natural resources e.g. water, soil. As an alternative method, bioremediation is used to treat the contaminants present in the pharmaceutical effluent with more potential degradation at very low operational cost. Many microbial species have been identified, which are found to be efficient in the degradation of organic compounds present in the effluent. In the present work, our aim was to find out effective microbial consortia for remedy of an environmental problem generating from the pharmaceutical effluent. In this work, effluent samples were collected from Pharmaceutical industry, Dholpur, Rajasthan, each from Non-ETP(Effluent Treatment Plant) treated and ETP treated effluent. BOD and COD of both samples were determined after sample collection and readings were 2352 mg/L and 15237 mg/l for Non-ETP treated sample and 1124 mg/L and 5327 mg/m...
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A solution processed top-contact bottom gated SnO2 thin-film transistor (TFT) has been fabricated by using a TiO2/ Li-Al2O3 bilayer stacked gate dielectric that show operating voltage of this TFT within 2.0 V. It is observed that the... more
A solution processed top-contact bottom gated SnO2 thin-film transistor (TFT) has been fabricated by using a TiO2/ Li-Al2O3 bilayer stacked gate dielectric that show operating voltage of this TFT within 2.0 V. It is observed that the bilayer dielectric has much higher areal capacitance with lower leakage current density that significantly improve the overall device performance of TFT. The TFT with bilayer gate dielectric shows an effective carrier mobility (µsat) of 9.2 cm2V− 1s− 1 with an on/off ratio of 7.1x103 which are significantly higher with respect to the TFT with a single layer Li-Al2O3 gate dielectric. The origin of this improvement is due to the Schottky junction between the highly doped silicon (p++-Si) and TiO2 of bilayer stacked dielectric that induced electrons to the channel which reduces the dielectric/semiconductor interface trap state. This investigation opens a new path to develop TFT device performance using a suitable bilayer stack of gate-dielectric.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the state of mind for understanding risk taking decisions with reference to economic conditions. The study was conducted on 100 subjects who belonged to Allahabad city and are employed in... more
The objective of this study is to analyze the state of mind for understanding risk taking decisions with reference to economic conditions. The study was conducted on 100 subjects who belonged to Allahabad city and are employed in different organizations . Some selfemployed participants were also included in this study. Individual administration process was adopted for the administration of self designed questionnaire. The analysis of data is based on receiver operative characteristics curve ( ROC) and parametric statistics . It was found that in risk taking psyche age and expected monthly income (EMC) are the main determinants. Effect of academic qualification was not found very sensitive in economic decisions. This study reflects that all strata of employees feel dissatisfied with their present state of income. Approximately 19% are of the opinion for one lac salary per month and approximately 21% are feeling gap in their salary for meet out the modern need and survival challenges....
Research Interests: Psychology and Psyche
This paper addresses to collect different types of noises and imperfections within a digital image, scanned image, aerial image, and satellite image. This paper will also include different types of filtering and algorithmic techniques to... more
This paper addresses to collect different types of noises and imperfections within a digital image, scanned image, aerial image, and satellite image. This paper will also include different types of filtering and algorithmic techniques to remove those noise and imperfections from the images. There would be a comparative study between all types of imperfection or noises and PSNR associated with them. The second section of the paper would contain the comparative analogy between different imperfection filtering or noise removing schemes/algorithms from the image.
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This paper deals with human surveillance through the technology based on IoT featuring robotics using an Arduino UNO microcontroller that is controlled by a smartphone and a PC. The objective is to develop a spy robotic car which is... more
This paper deals with human surveillance through the technology based on IoT featuring robotics using an Arduino UNO microcontroller that is controlled by a smartphone and a PC. The objective is to develop a spy robotic car which is suited to provide an act of continuous surveillance in hazardous environment. The robot is capable to record the real-time streaming in day time and night time as well through wireless camera. Those movements of the robot are controlled manually at the user end. This robot reduces human intervention directly in a hazardous place where continuous supervision and security is necessary. The complete system comprises of various sensors like PIR sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and gas sensor interfaced with Arduino board. Spy robot monitor the live streaming information and transfer it to the connected Android device. Android application can control the navigation of the robot from a large distance using WIFI communication. Further advancement of this project will lead to usage of spy robots even in defense and mining areas. Border areas require complete and uninterrupted supervision for country’s safety and security from enemies and using spy robots can beworthwhile.
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The paper presents a 2D analytical model for the potential function and threshold voltage of symmetric Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs with vertical Gaussian doping profile in the channel.