Simonetta Simoni

Synthesis report coordinated by Claude MARTIN and Antoine VION ... John Baldock, Sonia Correia, Jan Hadlow, Teppo Kröger, Alessandro Pratesi, José Saõ José, Simonetta Simoni, Jorma Sipilä, Rossana Trifilietti, Karin Wall, Minna Zechner ... I. Scientific and operational ...

Page 1. WP2 Care arrangements in single parent families National report: Portugal Karin Wall & José São José & Sónia Correia SOCCARE Project Report 2.4 Contract No. HPSE-CT-1999-00010 February 2001 Written for European Commission 5 th Framework Programme ...

L'etude porte sur le rapport entre le developpement de l'etat providence et les conceptions de prise en charge et traitement des toxicomanes, tout en considerant la question generale du prohibitionnisme. La relation entre les deux niveaux d'analyse degage les significations ideologiques qui guident les decisions politiques en matiere de lutte contre la drogue et qui concernent les acteurs differents : les consommateurs, l'opinion publique, les specialistes et les hommes politiques. L'objectif de l'auteur est de comprendre comment on est arrive a concevoir une legislation qui reprime, soigne et mene des actions educatives dans le cadre d'une conception elargie de l'assistance publique. Ce schema d'analyse est utilise dans la derniere partie du travail pour une etude de cas : une enquete sur le service public de prise en charge des toxicomanes dans la ville de Bologne, en Italie.

ABSTRACT This report describes and analyses child care arrangements of lone parent families in Finland, France, Italy, Portugal and the UK. The report is produced by the SOCCARE project that is funded by the European Commission, 5th Framework Programme, Key Action for Socio-Economic Research. This report gathers the main results from national reports that have been written by national project teams based on interviews of 25 working lone parents in each of the five countires. The report also analyses the work—care balancing within the total sample and develops a comparative typology. Part I of the report uses available statistical data and earlier research to describe the conditions of lone parent families in the EU member states, especially in the five project countries. There has happened a distinctive change in the routes to lone parenthood: widows are now only a minority, greatly outnumbered by divorced and separated lone parents. Also single, never-married lone parents are on the increase. However, the most lone parents are far over 30 years old. In spite of the considerable effect of social and private transfers, poverty is still twice as usual among lone parent families as among the whole population. This is the situation even though over two thirds of lone parents in the EU are participating in the labour market. Overall, there is huge variation within the group of lone parent families in Europe, as well between as within countries, and they should not be regarded as a homogenous group with identical needs and living conditions. Part I ends with descriptions of the national samples of lone parent families used in this study and in Part II, the qualitative data from these interviews are analysed. The study focuses on the contraints and resources that European lone parents face in their everyday lives in combining paid employment with care for their children. The primary interest of the report is to analyse and understand the strategies that lone parents use in organising their and their children's lives under the existing social and labour market constraints. The report distinguishes three main strategies, three major types of care arrangements. (1) In familial arrangements, child care is organised primarily within the family and the use of formal services is limited to standard forms of day care and school. (2) Varied arrangements cover different kinds of individual strategies that mix family support, formal services and support from the extra-family social network. (3) In isolated arrangements, informal support as well from family members as from the social network is weak and the arrangement is mostly based on formal child care. Furthermore, each of these main types is divided into two or three subtypes of care arrangements. Within each subtype, national and individual variations are analysed. The relationships between care arrangements and personal trajectories and identities as well as roles and values are studied. Distance to work, predictability of the care arrangement, in/dependence in relation to family support and the involvement of absent parents emerged as central themes, being repeated in most interviews, influencing considerably the care arrangements of lone parent families. Also the level of income proved to be important. In all countries, most lone parents aim to balance work, formal care and private intimate care. However, there can not really be seen a convergence towards a common European model. Decisive differences seem to remain between the national contexts. For example, the collectivisation and externalisation of child care continues to be higher in Finland and France, whereas community arrangements are more likely in Italy, while Portugal is at a turning point. Furthermore, the British cases have unique characteristics, such as usual experiences of multiple couple life and impoverishment. However, national policies proved not to fully determine the care arrangements, either, as the qualitative analysis showed that every care arrangement is applied to individually specific conditions within the contraints of existing labour market and child care service structures. Finally, Part III discusses the empirical results in their national political and policy frames. It also presents innovations in child care, home help services and mutual help between lone parents, seen in the data. Public services are gradually starting to develop care services that are more responsive to the variation in needs of European families. However, still today, the care arrangement of each family has actually to be seen as an innovation as it has to overcome the existing gaps in service provision and the inflexibilities of work conditions. The report ends with a discussion about the potential of qualitative comparative research. Quantitative statistical data that describe family structures and formal provisions say, after all, very little about the everyday life and actual care arrangements of…

La fiducia è un elemento fondamentale per il funzionamento di una società e per le relazioni interpersonali, in un gioco di rimandi ad aspettative reciproche degli attori sociali. A fronte di un calo della fiducia nelle istituzioni, stanno emergendo circuiti economici e di scambio di beni e servizi (sharing economy) dove la fiducia è “la moneta circolante” negli scambi, generativa di capitale sociale