Cellular phenotypes on bioactive compound treatment are a result of the downstream targets of the respective treatment. Here, a computational approach is taken for downstream subcellular target identification to understand the basis of... more
Cellular phenotypes on bioactive compound treatment are a result of the downstream targets of the respective treatment. Here, a computational approach is taken for downstream subcellular target identification to understand the basis of the cellular response. This response is a readout of cellular phenotypes captured from cell-painting-based light microscopy images. The readouts are morphological profiles measured simultaneously from multiple cellular organelles. Cellular profiles generated from roughly 270 diverse treatments on bone cancer cell line form the high content screen used in this study. Phenotypic diversity across these treatments is demonstrated, depending on the image-based phenotypic profiles. Furthermore, the impact of the treatments on specific organelles and associated organelle sensitivities are determined. This revealed that endoplasmic reticulum has a higher likelihood of being targeted. Employing multivariate regression overall cellular response is predicted bas...
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Abstract Quality assessment and scientific validation of medicinal plants are essential parameters to be considered in ensuring the quality, efficacy, and safety of herbal products at large. In search of newer therapeutic leads, enzymes... more
Abstract Quality assessment and scientific validation of medicinal plants are essential parameters to be considered in ensuring the quality, efficacy, and safety of herbal products at large. In search of newer therapeutic leads, enzymes are considered to be an attractive target for drug development due to their essential catalytic roles in many physiological processes in our body. The in vitro evaluation of enzyme–inhibitor interactions have been found as a key point for primary screening of medicinal plants as new drug molecules.
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Spark-ignition (SI) processes are facing some challenges with the SI engine research continuing to move towards extremely dilute operation. Typical response from the automotive OEMs is to increase the spark energy to hundreds of mJs.... more
Spark-ignition (SI) processes are facing some challenges with the SI engine research continuing to move towards extremely dilute operation. Typical response from the automotive OEMs is to increase the spark energy to hundreds of mJs. However, this approach reduces the spark-plug lifetime due to erosion. In recent years, several lowtemperature plasma (LTP) technologies (e.g. microwave, nanosecond pulsed discharge, Corona discharge) have been proposed for automotive applications as a substitute for the conventional SI process, yet no LTP ignition models are available for commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for the evaluation and optimization of these advanced ignition systems. This paper summarizes recent efforts to model LTP generated by a nano-pulsed highvoltage discharge in a multi-dimensional fashion. Streamer discharges between two pin electrodes are modeled through 2-D computations using the non-equilibrium plasma commercial solver VizGlow. The impact of key para...
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There are many incentives to increase the fuel efficiency of combustion processes. This paper looks at two available options to achieve this goal. The former aims to develop an experimental method that can analyze combustion at extremely... more
There are many incentives to increase the fuel efficiency of combustion processes. This paper looks at two available options to achieve this goal. The former aims to develop an experimental method that can analyze combustion at extremely high pressures to improve the understanding of high pressure H2/air combustion. Experimental data has been lacking a suitable combustion diagnostic to visualize high pressure combustion processes, making it difficult to improve the process. Improvement of x-ray diffraction tomography in a windowless combustor makes it possible to see flame propagation at high pressure. The procedure and chamber are still in the design phase, yet the preliminary research of beryllium windows and x-ray absorbance spectra indicate the feasibility and efficacy of this method. A technique of increasing the fuel efficiency in spark ignited engines is to use a supersonic jet from the spark chamber as the catalyst for combustion to trigger multiple ignition points in the ma...
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Investigations conducted at the Central Fuel Research Institute show that 80-85% of high volatile weakly coking Raniganj coals can be utilized in blends with 15-20% of selected, low volatile good coking Jharia coals or with 15-20% of low... more
Investigations conducted at the Central Fuel Research Institute show that 80-85% of high volatile weakly coking Raniganj coals can be utilized in blends with 15-20% of selected, low volatile good coking Jharia coals or with 15-20% of low temperature carbonization char or coke to produce hard and strong coke satisfying all the requirements for blast furnace use, F.R.I. experiments also show that low temperature carbonization char containing about 12-15% volatile matter prepared in rotary type ovens gives better results than those prepared in static or Lurgi Spul gas retorts. Natural coke or Jhama proves unsatisfactory
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Introduction: Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is mostly attributed to atherosclerotic changes involving one or more major coronary arteries. But in very rare and exceptional cases conditions such as Coronary Artery Spasm, Coron embolism in... more
Introduction: Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is mostly attributed to atherosclerotic changes involving one or more major coronary arteries. But in very rare and exceptional cases conditions such as Coronary Artery Spasm, Coron embolism in Coronary Artery, coronary artery bridging, Spontaneous Coronary Artery Anomalous Origin of Coronary Artery also play an important role. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection mainly occurs in middle aged wom en particularly during pregnancy or immediate post among males and mostly attributed to severe physical exertion and concominant addiction to cocaine. Following is an example of such rare and exceptional case of SCAD i
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Abstract Background Ursolic acid (UA) is a potent plant-based hepatoprotective agent having poor bioavailability, which hampers its therapeutic efficacy. The present study tries to overcome this limitation by combining it with piperine... more
Abstract Background Ursolic acid (UA) is a potent plant-based hepatoprotective agent having poor bioavailability, which hampers its therapeutic efficacy. The present study tries to overcome this limitation by combining it with piperine (PIP), a proven bioenhancer and hepatoprotective agent. Methods The type of interaction (synergism, addition, or antagonism) resulting between UA and PIP was analyzed and quantified by isobologram and combination index analysis. The hepatoprotective activity of UA and PIP was evaluated by measuring the level of hepatic marker enzymes. Pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out to ascertain the improvement of bioavailability. Results The combinations significantly decrease the enzyme levels, which indicate better hepatoprotective activity compared to single drugs. The relative oral bioavailability of UA was increased about tenfold (from AUC0– t =12.78 ± 2.59 µg/h/ml to 125.15 ± 1.84 µg/h/ml) along with the improvement of plasma concentration and elimination half-life. Conclusions The findings indicated that the combination of PIP and UA is an effective strategy in enhancing the bioavailability and hepatoprotective potential of UA. KEY MESSAGES Ursolic acid in a combination with piperine provides a synergistic hepatoprotective effect in carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Piperine improves the pharmacokinetic properties of ursolic acid when given in combination. Piperine improves the relative oral bioavailability of ursolic acid by tenfold when combined together.
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Transient plasma ignition (TPI) has recently been attracting more attention due to the combination of its much larger volume ignition kernels and the generation of active radicals, which stabilizes the initial stage of the combustion by... more
Transient plasma ignition (TPI) has recently been attracting more attention due to the combination of its much larger volume ignition kernels and the generation of active radicals, which stabilizes the initial stage of the combustion by the enhancement of flame propagation rates compared with conventional spark ignition. In this study, TPI early flame propagation characteristics were investigated for near-atmospheric stoichiometric and lean mixtures of methane and air. Transient plasma was generated by applying nanosecond (pulse duration 10 – 12 ns), high-voltage (6 – 10 kV) pulses between two opposed pin-to-pin configurations with a gap distance of 3 mm residing within a custom-built constant volume combustion vessel. The delay to ignition and peak pressure as a function of voltage, air-fuel mixture rate (ϕ = 0.6 – 1.0), and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 – 10 kHz were evaluated. The early flame propagation and the discharge streamer phenomena were investigated via high-speed schlieren images as well as examining nanosecond pulses’ voltage-current waveform sequences. It is showed that a leaner mixture could reduce the ignition voltage range. The experiment results showed that higher PRF has potential advantages such as higher peak pressure, shorter ignition delay, faster flame propagation speed, smaller energy consumption, and leaner condition compared to conventional spark ignition.
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Abstract Piper species is one of the most widely consumed spices for culinary purposes. Piperine (PIP) present in Piper species has a wide range of therapeutic activity including hepatoprotection. However, the major biological limitation... more
Abstract Piper species is one of the most widely consumed spices for culinary purposes. Piperine (PIP) present in Piper species has a wide range of therapeutic activity including hepatoprotection. However, the major biological limitation of PIP is its low bioavailability after oral administration. Purpose of the study was to prepare an optimized and adequately characterized PIP–phospholipid complex (PPC) as a delivery system to overcome these limitations and to investigate the pharmacokinetics and hepato-protectivity of the formulation in the animal model. Response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the process parameters for PPC preparation. FT-IR, DTA, PXRD, SEM, molecular docking etc. were used for characterization. Solubility, log P, dissolution efficiency and in vivo pharmacokinetics were also investigated. PPC showed enhanced hepatoprotective potential as compared to pure PIP at the same dose level (25 and 50 mg/kg). PPC restored the levels of serum marker and antioxidant enzymes. PPC also increased the bioavailability of PIP in rat serum by 10.40-fold in comparison with pure PIP at the same dose level and enhanced the elimination half-life (t1/2 el) from 0.477 ± 1.76 to 9.80 ± 1.98 h. Results concluded that PPC enhanced the hepatoprotection of PIP which may be due to the improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PIP in rats. Graphical Abstract
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The Singhbhum cratonic block, eastern India, unlike other Indian cratonic blocks, bears a continuous geological record from the Palaeoarchaean to Mesoproterozoic. The Palaeoarchaean Iron Ore Group of rocks are exposed along three distinct... more
The Singhbhum cratonic block, eastern India, unlike other Indian cratonic blocks, bears a continuous geological record from the Palaeoarchaean to Mesoproterozoic. The Palaeoarchaean Iron Ore Group of rocks are exposed along three distinct belts (the eastern, western, and southern) encircling the Singhbhum granitoids. The economic geological aspects of the BIF and the gold mineralization aspects of the quartz‐pebble conglomerates of the Eastern Iron Ore Group (EIOG) have been discussed by a number of authors. Komatiites and basalts of the EIOG have been studied by earlier authors. However, no effort has yet been made to infer the volcano‐sedimentary processes in the Eastern Iron Ore belt. This paper presents a brief overview of the sedimentation and magmatic processes in the EIOG belt. The EIOG sedimentary succession is characterized by a basal terrestrial to shallow marine deposits that progressively became deeper up section. The EIOG clastics bear carbonaceous matter. The basal terrestrial deposits (conglomerate‐sandstone association) of the EIOG provide a rare opportunity to undertake fluvial architectural analysis and may enable us to unlock the peculiarities of Palaeoarchaean fluvial systems.
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Suicide is a potential threat to our society at present. Young aged boys and girls are most common victims of suicide. Social, economic factors play major role in commission of suicide. People may attempt suicide adopting various means... more
Suicide is a potential threat to our society at present. Young aged boys and girls are most common victims of suicide. Social, economic factors play major role in commission of suicide. People may attempt suicide adopting various means like hanging, burning, poisoning etc. Sometimes multiple methods are adopted at a time. In this case we will discuss such a case where a young aged male person committed suicide using various means. The victim cut his throat at two places and also anterior aspects of both the forearms at a time. Hesitation cut marks were present over neck and right forearm. Presence of poison in the stomach was incidental finding. A painful death was the ultimate fate of the life reflecting an intense depressive state of the mind resulting from long term unemployment. Our goal is to make the society aware so that similar incidences can be prevented to some extent in future by proper precautionary measure and counselling.
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Dead body recovered from water stained with mud is commonly thought to be a drowning case. One such case was brought to Kolkata Police morgue for medicolegal autopsy. Apparently it was a simple case of drowning but when autopsy was... more
Dead body recovered from water stained with mud is commonly thought to be a drowning case. One such case was brought to Kolkata Police morgue for medicolegal autopsy. Apparently it was a simple case of drowning but when autopsy was started, the actual fact was revealed something else. Injuries over the face, asphyxia signs and findings of external genitalia were sufficient to draw the opinion and the case turned to be a homicide with sexual assault. Such crimes are increasing day by day in every part of our country. All such victims, irrespective of their socioeconomic status deserve the justice. Here we are going to discuss the case to highlight how a meticulous post mortem examination can be a first ray of light in a dark field of justice. Language: en