Petroleum Coke

La industria del acero latinoamericana ha participado en el desarrollo de diversos procesos innovadores, particularmente en el campo de la reducción y en menor medida en el de la aceración. El mayor desarrollo en reducción tiene que ver con la escasez de chatarra y la abundancia en mineral de hierro y, en algunas localizaciones, de gas natural, lo que ha orientado el rumbo de la inventiva e iniciativa de diversos emprendedores y tecnólogos de la región. Entre las contribuciones más importantes cabe señalar las diversas innovaciones en el campo de la preparación de reductores, la sinterización, la reducción directa, los mini altos hornos a carbón vegetal y los procesos de fusión reductora. REDUCTORES: USO DE COQUE DE PETRÓLEO EN ALTOS PORCENTAJES. TECNIFICACIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CARBÓN VEGETAL El uso de altos porcentajes de coque de petróleo en las mezclas para coquización se ha implementado en la planta integrada de Ternium Siderar y su predecesora Somisa. Numerosas coquerías han experimentado y utilizado por períodos prolongados coque de petróleo en sus mezclas, pero normalmente en porcentajes bajos, de entre el 5% y el 10%. En el caso de Siderar, se opera desde la década de 1980 con porcentajes elevados que van del 15% al 40%, manteniendo una alta calidad del coque para su consumo en los altos hornos de la planta [1]. Se basa para ello en el suministro por parte de una refinería local, relativamente cercana, de un coque de petróleo de bajo contenido de azufre con relación a otros coques existentes en el mercado mundial. Diversos desarrollos de tecnología siderúrgica han tenido a América Latina como protagonista. Se incluye en esta reseña la reducción directa a gas natural y su variante sin reformador, incluyendo la carga caliente de hierro esponja y los procesos a partir de finos; la reducción directa a carbón, que se aplicó exitosamente y fue el terreno donde se entrenaron quienes actualmente lideran esta vía de metalización; las miniplantas de sínter, de las que existen tres variantes regionales; el proceso de fusión reductora Tecnored y la utilización de mini altos hornos a carbón vegetal, en los que se está comenzando a aplicar recientemente nuevas tecnologías y, además, el horno de aceración EOF.

Green Petroleum Coke (GPC), produced by Pertamina RU II Dumai, is the product of refined petroleum, which still has good quality but has not been utilized to its full potential. Such as Sulfur 0.5%; FC 86.03%; Ash 0.10%; VM 13.82%; Moist 10, 52%; and the calorific value of 7500 kcal/kg. Therefore, one effort that can do is diversification, namely the use of GPC as a mixture of other fuels (fossil) to increase the selling value of GPC. This diversification is also in line with the national energy policy in PP. 79/2014 that the program aims to increase the availability of national energy sources. This study aims to determine the feasibility of using GPC as a coal mixture in Industry (Krakatau Steel) with an overview of economic aspects. Data obtained by qualitative methods consisting of interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the research results from 2 scenarios, both scenario 1 (GPC 4%) and scenario 2 (GPC 18%), it is found that the NPV is positive, IRR is above the dis...

Green Petroleum Coke (GPC), produced by Pertamina RU II Dumai, is the product of refined petroleum, which still has good quality but has not been utilized to its full potential. Such as Sulfur 0.5%; FC 86.03%; Ash 0.10%; VM 13.82%; Moist 10, 52%; and the calorific value of 7500 kcal/kg. Therefore, one effort that can do is diversification, namely the use of GPC as a mixture of other fuels (fossil) to increase the selling value of GPC. This diversification is also in line with the national energy policy in PP. 79/2014 that the program aims to increase the availability of national energy sources. This study aims to determine the feasibility of using GPC as a coal mixture in Industry (Krakatau Steel) with an overview of economic aspects. Data obtained by qualitative methods consisting of interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the research results from 2 scenarios, both scenario 1 (GPC 4%) and scenario 2 (GPC 18%), it is found that the NPV is positive, IRR is above the dis...

Green Petroleum Coke (GPC), produced by Pertamina RU II Dumai, is the product of refined petroleum, which still has good quality but has not been utilized to its full potential. Such as Sulfur 0.5%; FC 86.03%; Ash 0.10%; VM 13.82%; Moist 10, 52%; and the calorific value of 7500 kcal/kg. Therefore, one effort that can do is diversification, namely the use of GPC as a mixture of other fuels (fossil) to increase the selling value of GPC. This diversification is also in line with the national energy policy in PP. 79/2014 that the program aims to increase the availability of national energy sources. This study aims to determine the feasibility of using GPC as a coal mixture in Industry (Krakatau Steel) with an overview of economic aspects. Data obtained by qualitative methods consisting of interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the research results from 2 scenarios, both scenario 1 (GPC 4%) and scenario 2 (GPC 18%), it is found that the NPV is positive, IRR is above the dis...

A number of processes ranging from purely physical such as solvent extraction to thermal or chemical treatment using different agents including hydrocarbon gases, alkali metal compounds, and hydrogen have been proposed for petroleum coke desulfurization. The ...

The current state of the oil refining industry is characterized by obtaining high-quality products that meet environmental requirements. An important issue is the deep processing of oil, as well as the use of oil waste as raw materials. In this regard, there is an interest in putting oil raw materials into operation through destructive processes: catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, visbreaking, coking, and processing of most of the oil waste. The article shows the possibility of producing coke with a low sulfur content from heavy oil waste from a domestic oil field. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted distillates are determined by chromatographic analysis and determined that the group-hydrocarbon composition corresponds to the composition of fractions obtained from primary atmospheric distillation. The process of obtaining of low-sulfur coke used as a conductor and oxidizer of electric current and raw materials in the production of structural material in the pres...

A foundry coke industry is well established in Argentina, using blends of essencially petroleum coke and coal tar pitch for the production of cupola coke in non-recovery oven batteries. The paper includes a detailed discussion of the raw materials base (including coal tar pitch substitutes that have been used at some time), the criteria followed for the blend design, the main features and operation of the coke ovens, the coke quality obtained and the specificities of the behavior of this coke in the cupola.