Omedy Mweene

The existence of anti-corruption laws and institutions in Africa has question the commitment of the African leaders in their efforts at combating corruption as it has remained a challenge to governance in the continent. This is because hardly will anybody read any of the national dailies in a week without the issue related to corruption not mentioned and this has become a great concern to Africans considering the damage it cause the continent annually. The aim of the paper is to assess the dimensions and challenges to anti-corruption efforts in Africa and recommend workable solutions. However, the institutional approach to corruption was adopted as Africa’s institutions remain the Centre piece where corruption emanates. This paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods in its discussion. Moreover, corruption in Africa has internal and external dimension which are interrelated in some respect. These are corrupt practices perpetrated by Africans and those carried out by foreigner via collaboration with corrupt Africans. Furthermore, demand for good governance by Civil Society Groups, stiffer penalty for corruption, relative autonomy for anti-graft institutions, are among others are internal mechanisms while, setting up International Government Organization at the global, regional and sub-regional levels to assess performance in governance, tying international aids/assistance and loan to performance in governance by international donors are among external mechanisms to combat corruption in Africa. Finally, failure to deal with the issue of corruption from both internal and external dimension is responsible for increasing level of corruption in Africa.

Development studies (DS) is a multidisciplinary branch of social science that addresses issues of concern to developing countries. It has historically placed a particular focus on issues related to social and economical development. Its relevance may, therefore, extend to communities and regions outside of the developing world. Kothari (2007) states that; DS is offered as a specialized Master’s/PhD degree in a number of universities, and, less commonly, as an undergraduate degree. It has grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1990s, and has been most widely taught and researched in the third world and in countries with a colonial history, such as the United Kingdom, where development studies originated. Students of development studies often choose careers in international organisations such as the United Nations or the World Bank, non-governmental organisations, private sector development consultancy firms and research centres.

The future of our world will largely be determined by our willingness and ability to address practices and beliefs that threaten human dignity, promote violence, and impoverished communities. This paper develops an African humanist ideology as a basis for concrete engagement with social problems (dehumanization, violence, and poverty) by drawing from Kenneth Kaunda's concept of humanism. Moreover, after taking up British rule, the Government of Kenneth Kaunda chose the Philosophy 'Humanism' as the Zambian national ideology and philosophy. This was a form of African Socialism, which combined traditional African values with Western Socialist and Christian Values. At the center of this humanism were God and the human person, for God was known through the Human Person and also served through Human Beings, this creates a very strong connection between God and the human person in the Humanism of Kaunda. He emphasized the role of education, none-violent resistance, and hard work in the process of Liberation. While this piece observes that Kaunda was a figure among the people of Zambia, Southern Africa, and SADC that cannot be forgotten too soon, and his Philosophy was a concrete effort towards the restoration of his people, it also raises fundamental questions as to what extent Zambian humanism worked.

is a living legend of pan-Africanism. He was a guardian of the Liberation Movement in the Southern Part of Africa. Kenneth Kaunda became President of the Republic of Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) on the 24th October 1964 after a long struggle for independence that began in 1949.

The purpose of the study was to explore the construction of cultural practices the 'new normal' in a COVID 19 early infection era in the City of Lusaka. One hundred. A hermeneutic phenomenological design employing interviews and observations during a resect walk informed the study. Data were collected from four trading and shopping areas and these are East Park Shopping Mall, Manda Hill Shopping Mall, Matero Market and M'tendere Market. Analysis of data was done using a combination of content analysis and Husserl's phenomenological way of thinking about crystallization. The findings were that the new normal is dominated by verbal greetings AV.FR being 5.8 and this is followed by the elbow bump (AV.FR = 4.1) though the handshake continues to be practiced (AV.FR = 5). In the Zambian setting, it is not expected to have foot shakes at all while this seems to be permeating the new normal. The least mentioned activity was working/teleworking with a AV.FR of 1.3 and the most mentioned activity was going out only for critical needs with the AV.FR of 6.65. The least social distance activity which was mentioned included church gatherings with a AV.FR of 0.7 and the most mentioned was wearing masks with the AV.FR of 3.7. Shopping and trading continued within the 'new normal' and it had a very high AV.FR of 5.2. However, the findings tend to identify true differences in terms of health behaviour to life threatening epidemics like COVID 19 are determined by affluence. The more affluent people are the more adherent to the prescriptions of the new normal than the non-affluent and have adapted more to social change demanded by COVID 19 than the non-affluent. COVID 19 is a social force that has created social cultural innovation and cultural diffusion of practices from a distant place to a locale. This is an opportunity for the Government to consider embracing in an integrative way restricting of close personal contact, social distancing and restricting of unnecessary public gatherings practice messages that would allow individuals to maintain distances from each other for a period of time as these would ensure the spread of the disease is minimized. Sociologists should rewrite the sociological history of social change by adding that colossal pandemic events, like COVID 19 though may be relatively rare, bring about social change not only over time but instant change also.

The classification by many scholars of numerical research processes as quantitative and other research techniques as qualitative has prompted the construction of a third category, that of 'mixed methods', to describe studies that use elements from both processes. Such labels might help structure our understanding of phenomena. But they can also inhibit our activities when they serve as inaccurate or limiting descriptors. Based on the observation that mixed methods are fast becoming a common research approach in the social sciences, this paper questions whether the assumptions that are used and perpetuated by mixed methods are valid. The paper calls for a critical change in how we perceive research, to better describe actual research processes. A more ethological taxonomy of the mechanisms underlying research structures and processes is posited to encourage creative thinking around alternatives to the three purported paradigms of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. This 'return to basics' seeks to encourage new and innovative research designs to emerge, and suggests a rebirth of research from the ashes of mixed methods.

The purpose of this paper is to explore patterns of helping behaviour among pirate taxi drivers. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study design. Findings The author's key observations are that more than three-quarters of the pirate taxi drivers n = 133 (78.7%) exhibited high egoistic helping behaviour and just about three-quarters of the pirate taxi drivers n = 119 (70.4%) exhibited low altruistic helping behaviour. The dominant type of help rendered is related to emotional distress and helping those who have faced difficulty with unmet material desires. The regression model does not predict the outcome variable which is the type of help rendered as the altruistic helping and egoistic helping scores were > 0.05 (p= 0.106 and p = 862) respectively. Research Implications The findings of the patterns of helping behaviour identify true differences though without reasons. Lived experiences from a qualitative study could render lived experiences and motives which could enrich the elicited patterns. Despite the limitations, the strength of our study lies in the novelty of the study area. The study has affirmed the need for studies in socio-cultural value orientation (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism), or the specific ontogenetic community circumstances in which the pirate taxi driver leaves and has grown up especially the socialisation of giving practices. To this end, the study adds a leading analytical voice for understanding the patterns of type of helping behaviour and help rendered. Originality/value This is the first study that has to add a leading analytical voice for understanding the patterns of type of helping behaviour and help rendered.

Purpose-The argument in this study is that pirate taxi drivers do not render altruistic and egoistic help to fellow taxi drivers. We set to determine whether a monotonous relationship existed between helping behaviour and the type of help rendered among pirate taxi drivers. This paper further compares the two dimensions of helping behaviour (egoistic and altruistic helping behaviour) across four locations of taxi ranks. Design/methodology/approach-Data were collected through a self-administered standard structured helping behaviour questionnaire and correlation analysis was used. Findings-Pirate taxi drivers had less propensity to render help when a colleague had difficulty completing goal directed help as well as when a colleague desired physical help. They however had propensity to render help when a colleague had some difficulty with unmet material desires and when a colleague had emotional distress. The frequency of helping behaviour was more egoistic than altruistic. There was a very week negative correlation between egoistic helping behaviour and the type of help rendered (r s167 =-.100, p = .903) and also a very week but statistically significant negative correlation between egoistic helping and type of help rendered (r s 167 =-.009, p = .0.01). Conclusion: The study concludes that pirate taxi drivers who have a dominant egoistic trait are less likely than those who have an altruistic trait to volunteer to help. The study has brought out the existence into the realm of psychology, sociology and social work of altruistic and dominant egoistic helping behaviour which were unknown in the subculture of pirate taxi drivers. Prosocial behaviour which behaviour through which people benefit others including helping, cooperating, comforting, sharing, and donating is a trait which is not dominant among pirate taxi drivers. Practical implications-By understanding the predictors of helping behaviours, these pirate taxi drivers can enhance Ubuntu bonds within the collective. Originality/value-This paper has profiled helping behaviour and has examined the relationship between helping behaviour and type of help rendered. In so doing, it contributes to literature on helping behaviours. Egoistic helping is a more dominant form of helping behaviour than altruistic helping among pirate taxi drivers.

The existence of anti-corruption laws and institutions in Africa has questioned the commitment of the African leaders in their efforts at combating corruption as it has remained a challenge to governance in the continent. This is because hardly anybody will read any of the national dailies in a week without the issue related to corruption not mentioned. This has become a great concern to Africans considering the damage it causes the continent annually. The paper aims to assess the dimensions and challenges to anti-corruption efforts in Africa and recommend workable solutions. However, the institutional approach to corruption was adopted as Africa's institutions remain the Centrepiece where corruption emanates. This paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods in its discussion. Moreover, corruption in Africa has an internal and external dimensions that are interrelated in some respect. These are corrupt practices perpetrated by Africans and those carried out by foreigners via collaboration with corrupt Africans. Furthermore, demand for good governance by Civil Society Groups, the stiffer penalty for corruption, relative autonomy for anti-graft institutions, are among others are internal mechanisms while, setting up International Government Organization at the global, regional and sub-regional levels to assess performance in governance, tying international aids/assistance and loan to performance in governance by international donors are among external mechanisms to combat corruption in Africa. Finally, failure to deal with the issue of corruption from both internal and external dimensions is responsible for the increasing level of corruption in Africa.