... Effects of Nutrition 211 Kirsten F. Hilpert, Amy E. Griel, Tricia Psota, Sarah Gebauer, Yumei Coa, and Penny M. Kris-Etherton 12 ... 283 Stephen F. Cronse 14 Smoking, Heart Disease, and Lipoprotein Metabolism 299 Robert J. Moffatt,... more
... Effects of Nutrition 211 Kirsten F. Hilpert, Amy E. Griel, Tricia Psota, Sarah Gebauer, Yumei Coa, and Penny M. Kris-Etherton 12 ... 283 Stephen F. Cronse 14 Smoking, Heart Disease, and Lipoprotein Metabolism 299 Robert J. Moffatt, Sara Chelland, and Bryant A. Stamford 15 ...
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Diet, Medicine, Energy Metabolism, Medicine Science, and 14 moreHumans, Internal Medicine, Cholesterol, Male, Resistance Training, Exercise, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Lipoproteins, Resistance Exercise, Medicine and Science In Sports and Exercise, Physical Education and training, Lecithin, and Physical Endurance
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Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and mortality. It is diagnosed by the presence of three or more of the following risk factors: 1) obesity, with an emphasis on... more
Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and mortality. It is diagnosed by the presence of three or more of the following risk factors: 1) obesity, with an emphasis on central adiposity, 2) high blood pressure, 3) hyperglycemia, 4) dyslipidemia, with regard to reduced high-density lipoprotein concentrations, and 5) dyslipidemia, with regard to elevated triglycerides. Smoking is one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk for metabolic syndrome as it has been shown to exert negative effects on abdominal obesity, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, and blood lipid profiles. Smoking may also negatively affect other factors that influence glucose and lipid metabolism including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Some of these smoking-related outcomes may be reversed with smoking cessation, thus reducing the risk for metabolic dise...
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In general, the diets of these athletes appeared to be nutritionally inadequate. Diets were judged to be inadequate for vitamins B-6, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium in 30% to 60% of gymnasts studied. Several reasons seem... more
In general, the diets of these athletes appeared to be nutritionally inadequate. Diets were judged to be inadequate for vitamins B-6, folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium in 30% to 60% of gymnasts studied. Several reasons seem to make this population somewhat more vulnerable: (a) the desire to be light, lean, and aesthetically appealing; (b) the anaerobic nature of their sport, which does not lend itself to excessive levels of energy expenditure; and (c) the fact that these athletes are teenagers, subscribing all too often to typical teenage diets. It seems clear that this is a population which could benefit from nutrition counseling.
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Page 329. 15 Lipid and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Americans: Ethnicity and Age Michael R. Kushnick and Lynn B. Panton CONTENTS Introduction 316 An Overview of Ethnicity 316 Asian Americans 317 American Indians ...
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Chemistry, Drug interactions, Medicine, Animal Production, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Female, Animals, Feedback Control, Feedback, Pituitary Gland, Analysis of Variance, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Estradiol, Radioimmunoassay, Indomethacin, Ovariectomy, Ovariectomized Rat, and Random Allocation
Ten male subjects were studied before and after 90 minutes of heavy resistance exercise to determine the delayed effects of high volume bodybuilding (HV-BB) and low volume powerlifting (LV-PL) type regimens on plasma volume. The HV-BB... more
Ten male subjects were studied before and after 90 minutes of heavy resistance exercise to determine the delayed effects of high volume bodybuilding (HV-BB) and low volume powerlifting (LV-PL) type regimens on plasma volume. The HV-BB exercise bout involved ...
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Abstract Cancer survivors can survive as long as food, nutrition, and body defense support them in resistance against disease along with strong willpower by adopting the proposed LONGLIVE lifestyle for a long life. This lifestyle includes... more
Abstract Cancer survivors can survive as long as food, nutrition, and body defense support them in resistance against disease along with strong willpower by adopting the proposed LONGLIVE lifestyle for a long life. This lifestyle includes safe anticancer food intake, nutrition, and body immunity defense by a plant-based diet along with regular physical activity or exercise and a peaceful attitude to reduce the risk of cancer spreading in the body. This lifestyle eliminates several foods, including junk foods, genetically modified foods, canned foods, hydrogenated overfried recipes, grilled red meat, farmed fish, soda, beverages, refined sugar, and salted, smoked, or pickled foods,. In support, the WHO, USDA, FDA, ACS, ADA, and ICMR government agencies recommend guidelines on healthy foods that include whole grains, berries, beans, green vegetables, fresh fruits, and low processed red meat for cancer survivors. MY-IDEA program provides peace, willpower, a positive attitude, and enough antioxidants with enough exercise to boost the immunity and defense against cancer. Some mechanisms of anticancer food action are known.
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Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by decreased sensitivity of a skeletal or adipose cell to insulin, resulting in decreased glucose uptake by the cell. This can lead to hyperinsulinemia and further reduce insulin... more
Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by decreased sensitivity of a skeletal or adipose cell to insulin, resulting in decreased glucose uptake by the cell. This can lead to hyperinsulinemia and further reduce insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance is one of the primary factors contributing to metabolic syndrome (MetS), causing elevated glucose and fatty acid concentrations in the blood. Smoking is associated with insulin resistance in a dose-dependent manner. It directly increases the risk for insulin resistance, mainly via hormone activation, and may indirectly cause insulin resistance due to its effects on abdominal obesity. Nicotine may be the factor underlying these potential mechanisms. With the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes on the rise, and considering the role of smoking and its relationship to insulin resistance, smoking reduction or cessation may be a viable option for those who are at risk or already identified as insulin resistant. Therefore, smoking c...
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Aesthetic athletes strive to attain an ideal body image and the physical demands placed on dancers make their body composition and fitness equally as important as their technique. Body composition has shown positive changes in response to... more
Aesthetic athletes strive to attain an ideal body image and the physical demands placed on dancers make their body composition and fitness equally as important as their technique. Body composition has shown positive changes in response to increased protein intake and may improve aesthetics of dance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which supplemental whey protein (PRO) would improve body composition in female collegiate dancers compared with an isocaloric placebo (PLA). Twenty-one (age, 19.6 ± 1.4 years) female collegiate dancers were randomly assigned to consume PRO or PLA (25 g, 3×/day) for 12 weeks. Laboratory testing at weeks 0, 6, and 12 included 24-h urine collection, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate, and performance. Data were reported as means ± SD. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Body weight, fat mass, and lean soft tissue did not change between groups or over time. Body composition ind...
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Abstract Introduction Supplementation with Rhodiola Rosea (RR) and Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) has been shown to improve aerobic performance, but their influence on concurrent training (resistance training plus high intensity interval... more
Abstract Introduction Supplementation with Rhodiola Rosea (RR) and Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) has been shown to improve aerobic performance, but their influence on concurrent training (resistance training plus high intensity interval training) outcomes has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) containing RR and CS during a 14-week training and testing program on body composition, weekly exercise training outcomes, overall training and performance outcomes, and hormone profiles. Methods Active college-aged men (N = 21) were stratified into either a MIPS or a placebo (PLA) group. Both groups completed 14 weeks of training and testing. Body composition, overall training outcomes, and blood sample collection occurred at weeks 0, 7, and 14, while training performance was evaluated weekly. Results Both groups improved (p < 0.05) percent body fat (-1.3%), bench press (+4%) and squat strength (+8%), with no difference between groups. Serum cortisol concentrations significantly decreased (-11%) but there were no differences between groups. No other changes in blood hormone profiles occurred. Weekly exercise performance data suggests that MIPS improved sprint performance, bench press lifting volume, and total workload, but this did not lead to improved overall training performance compared to PLA over the14-week study. Conclusion Despite MIPS improving certain aspects of weekly training performance, supplementation with MIPS for 14 weeks did not improve body composition, overall training and performance outcomes, or blood biomarkers of health in response to concurrent training in young men compared to PLA. This study was registered with clinicaltrials. gov (NCT02383017).
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Eleven healthy men (M age = 27 years, SD = 4) completed three cycling and three walking trials in an alternating order. During each trial, participants were allowed, within 3 min, to adjust the work rate to correspond to given rating of... more
Eleven healthy men (M age = 27 years, SD = 4) completed three cycling and three walking trials in an alternating order. During each trial, participants were allowed, within 3 min, to adjust the work rate to correspond to given rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values according to the following order: RPE 11, 13, and 15. For cycling as well as walking, at each RPE there were no significant differences between mean heart rate responses across the three trials (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; .05). Mode-specific estimates for heart rate intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation ranged between .80 and .91, and 5.6% and 8.3%, respectively. This study provides absolute reliability estimates for heart rate responses when using RPE in a production format and suggests there may be RPE- (and mode) specific practice requirements for achieving a reliable heart rate response at a given RPE.
Research Interests: Psychology, Sports Medicine, Exercise Physiology, Metabolism, Statistical Analysis, and 14 moreHumans, Bicycling, Walking, Correlation, Male, Heart rate, Comparative Analysis, Physical Fitness, Adult, Curriculum and Pedagogy, Reproducibility of Results, Reference Values, Muscular strength, and physical exertion
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This study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2 ± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index... more
This study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2 ± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Both intention-to-treat analyses in all participants and group analyses in study completers only (3K group = increased steps/day by ≥3,000; No Δ group = did not increase steps/day by ≥ 3,000) were conducted. Group × time ANOVA was used. In study completers, 3K significantly increased steps/day (6,903 ± 3,328 to 12,323 ± 5,736) compared to No Δ (4,926 ± 3,374 to 5,174 ± 3,095) from baseline to 12 months. There was a significant time effect for weight ( P = 0.030), BMI ( P = 0.029), and hsCRP ( P = 0.044). Low socioeconomic women who adhere to a long-term, pedometer-based walking intervention significantly increased steps/day and...
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Ten trained male runners performed a treadmill exercise test at 80% under two experimental conditions, carbohydrate (CHO, 7% carbohydrate) and placebo (P), to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance... more
Ten trained male runners performed a treadmill exercise test at 80% under two experimental conditions, carbohydrate (CHO, 7% carbohydrate) and placebo (P), to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance (treadmill run time), blood glucose concentration, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Treatment order was randomized and counterbalanced and test solutions were administered double-blind. Ingestion took place 5 min preexercise (250 ml) and at 15-min intervals during exercise (125 ml). Performance was enhanced by 29.4% (p ~ 0.05) during CHO (115 ±25 min) compared to P (92 ± 27 min). Blood glucose concentration was significantly greater during CHO (5.6 ± 0.9 mM) relative to P (5.0 ±0.7 mM). There was a significant increase in mean RER following CHO ingestion (.94±.01) compared to P (.90±.01). Average RPE was significantly less during CHO (14.5±2.3) relative to P (15.4±2.4). These data suggest that time to ex...
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This study examined the effect of cessation from smoking on body weight, body fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and caloric consumption. Twenty-six women aged 25 to 45 years (mean, 37.2 +/- 4.7) who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day... more
This study examined the effect of cessation from smoking on body weight, body fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and caloric consumption. Twenty-six women aged 25 to 45 years (mean, 37.2 +/- 4.7) who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day for the past 5 years served as volunteers. Twelve subjects abstained from smoking for a period of 60 days (EXSMOKERS). Six stopped smoking for 30 days, then resumed the habit for an additional 30 days (RESMOKERS). Eight subjects continued to smoke for the entire 60 days (SMOKERS). Additionally, 10 women who had never smoked served as nonsmoking controls (NONSMOKERS). Body weight was recorded weekly and body fat was calculated from body density as determined by hydrostatic weighing. RMR was assessed by open-circuit spirometry. Caloric intake was obtained from 3-day food records using a computerized nutrient data base. Group means for body weight, body fat, RMR, and caloric intake were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Scheffe post hoc at day 0 (baseline), day 30, and day 60 of cessation from smoking. NONSMOKERS weighed significantly (P less than .05) more, but were no fatter than all smoker groups at day 0. Body weight significantly increased by 1.8 kg (EXSMOKERS) and 2.1 kg (RESMOKERS) at day 30 of cessation. By day 60 EXSMOKERS' body weight had increased an additional 1.8 kg to 61.6 +/- 6.4 kg, while return to smoking (RESMOKERS) resulted in a 3.1 kg loss of body weight to 57.9 +/- 7.9 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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1. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1998 Mar;69(1):94-8. An empirical evaluation of the prediction of maximal heart rate. Engels HJ, Zhu W, Moffatt RJ. Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Wayne State University, USA.... more
1. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1998 Mar;69(1):94-8. An empirical evaluation of the prediction of maximal heart rate. Engels HJ, Zhu W, Moffatt RJ. Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Wayne State University, USA. hengels@coe.wayne.edu. ...
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ABSTRACT Carotid artery disease is the outcome of elevated blood lipids and “cardiovascular incapability” to detect initial stages of atherosclerosis such as integration of endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and... more
ABSTRACT Carotid artery disease is the outcome of elevated blood lipids and “cardiovascular incapability” to detect initial stages of atherosclerosis such as integration of endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and metabolic abnormality of the carotid artery wall. Initially, dyslipidemia is developed to cause elevated blood lipids due to lipid disorder. Later it leads to the “cardiovascular incapability” common in atherosclerosis, systemic inflammatory disorders, and vascular atrophy. The dyslipidemia is improved by dietary intervention and recommended in adolescents. The responsible biochemical mechanisms of oxidative injury, inflammatory changes and eventual therapeutic interventions are highlighted. The elevated blood lipids are treated by statins to target “cardiovascular incapability” in the early stage of atherosclerosis to lower the lipids when carotid artery vascular abnormalities are not apparent. Statins are safe and reduce the cardiovascular events and improve the patient’s survival if prescribed with care, with possible life-threatening side effects of rhabdomyolysis by fibrates. The present chapter focuses on dyslipidemia management, lipid lowering vs side effects of statin therapy. Lipid lowering vs side effects of statin therapy with analysis is suggesting that there are predisposing factors or specific properties of any statin compounds causing the development of side effects of hepatic and renal function, muscular impairment, and other side effects. Lipid screening and dietary intervention is important to lower lipids. The highly elevated lipids are treated with statins and severe side effects can completely be minimized by careful statin selection without changing the lipid-lowering effect of statins. KeywordsCarotid artery disease-Dietary fat-Statin-Cardiovascular protection-Heart
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The purpose of this study was to examine oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate kinetics during moderate and repeated bouts of heavy square-wave cycling from an exercising baseline. Eight healthy, male volunteers performed square-wave... more
The purpose of this study was to examine oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate kinetics during moderate and repeated bouts of heavy square-wave cycling from an exercising baseline. Eight healthy, male volunteers performed square-wave bouts of leg ergometry above and below the gas exchange threshold separated by recovery cycling at 35% VO2 peak. VO2 and heart rate kinetics were modeled, after removal of phase I data by use of a biphasic on-kinetics and monoexponential off-kinetics model. Fingertip capillary blood was sampled 45 s before each transition for base excess, HCO and lactate concentration, and pH. Base excess and HCO concentration were significantly lower, whereas lactate concentration and pH were not different before the second bout. The results confirm earlier reports of a smaller mean response time in the second heavy bout. This was the result of a significantly greater fast-component amplitude and smaller slow-component amplitude with invariant fast-component time con...