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Twenty-three polypore species were found in Polylepis Ruiz & Pav. (Rosacecae) woodlands from Argentina. Six species occur exclusively in the neotropics and four are host-specific to Polylepis ( Phellinus tabaquilio , Phellinus... more
Twenty-three polypore species were found in Polylepis Ruiz & Pav. (Rosacecae) woodlands from Argentina. Six species occur exclusively in the neotropics and four are host-specific to Polylepis ( Phellinus tabaquilio , Phellinus uncisetus , Phellinus daedaliformis , and Datronia orcomanta ), of which the first two are facultative parasites or occur during the early stages of wood decay. Host specificity and patterns of distribution vary among species. Datronia orcomanta Robledo & Rajchenb. is described as a new endemic taxon and Inonotus serranus is reduced to synonymy with Inonotus venezuelicus .
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Using culture studies and molecular techniques, the brown rot polypore Fibroporia gossypium was identified from a cellar in an old building of Buenos Aires city, the second record of the species in an urban environment in Argentina. The... more
Using culture studies and molecular techniques, the brown rot polypore Fibroporia gossypium was identified from a cellar in an old building of Buenos Aires city, the second record of the species in an urban environment in Argentina. The fungus formed large mycelial masses hanging from a wooden support and growing on the walls but did not form basidiomes. The conspecificity of specimens from distant regions is considered and the origin of the present finding is discussed.
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Wrightoporia novae-zelandiae Rajchenb. & David is described as a new species on account of the following combination of characters: resupinate habit, monomitic hyphal system, presence of gloeopleurous... more
Wrightoporia novae-zelandiae Rajchenb. & David is described as a new species on account of the following combination of characters: resupinate habit, monomitic hyphal system, presence of gloeopleurous hyphae and small, ellipsoid, asperulate, amyloid spores.
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... 9 Skeletocutis nivea (PDD 53813). ... of the fruit body: A, encrusted hyphae in the dissepiments; B, generative hyphae with thickened walls; C, skeletal hyphae; D ... on fallen trunk, M. Rajchenberg 10074, 6.V.89, BAFC; Mt Aspiring... more
... 9 Skeletocutis nivea (PDD 53813). ... of the fruit body: A, encrusted hyphae in the dissepiments; B, generative hyphae with thickened walls; C, skeletal hyphae; D ... on fallen trunk, M. Rajchenberg 10074, 6.V.89, BAFC; Mt Aspiring National Park, Haast Pass, Roaring Billy Forest Walk ...
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Two new species of poroid Hymenochaetaceae (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota) are described and illustrated. They were causing decay on living and standing dead Polylepis australis... more
Two new species of poroid Hymenochaetaceae (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota) are described and illustrated. They were causing decay on living and standing dead Polylepis australis ("tabaquillo" or "queñoa") in the Córdoba Mountains in central Argentina. Inonotus serranus is characterized by a biannual basidiocarp, with a dark line separating tomentum from context; ellipsoid to ovoid, thick walled, colored spores; and the absence of setae. Phellinus uncisetus is characterized by uncinate setae with ventricose uniradicate base and well-differentiated apical portion; a basidiocarp attached by a narrow area to the substrate; ventricose, hyaline cistidioles; and by subglobose, hyaline spores, with very thick walls. The identity of Phellinus setulosus is discussed.
Research Interests: Botany, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biology, Medicine, and 4 moreMycologia, SETA, BASIDIOMYCOTA, and Basidiocarp
SummaryThe presence of basidiomes of wood‐decay fungi on living lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) was investigated in seven forest stands in Patagonia (Argentinia). The following species accounted for 85% of the rots: Postia pelliculosa,... more
SummaryThe presence of basidiomes of wood‐decay fungi on living lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) was investigated in seven forest stands in Patagonia (Argentinia). The following species accounted for 85% of the rots: Postia pelliculosa, Phellinus andinopatagonicus, Piptoporus portentosus, Aurantioporus albidus, and Serpula himantoides. Ph. andinopatagonicus and A. albidus cause characteristic white rots, while the other tree species cause unspecific, cubical brown rots. S. himantoides was associated with cords among the decayed wood fragments. One stand was investigated in detail. The volume of decayed timber on this plot was 75%. Postia pelliculosa and Ph. andinopatagonicus probably infected the trees through the roots as well as through the canopy, and accounted for 70% of the wood‐rots. Piptoporus portentosus probably infected only through the canopy, while A. albidus and S. himantoides did so through the roots. Only 12% of the trees showed no decay. From trees with decay, 36% were attacked by one fungal species, 35% by two species.
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ABSTRACT The genus Antrodiella includes resupinate and pileate species of polypores with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical basidiospores, absence of cystidia, tetrapolar mating system, and haplo-dikaryotic nuclear... more
ABSTRACT The genus Antrodiella includes resupinate and pileate species of polypores with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical basidiospores, absence of cystidia, tetrapolar mating system, and haplo-dikaryotic nuclear behavior. Recent studies, however, indicate that Antrodiella is highly polyphyletic, so many of its species have been transferred to other genera. This study reviews the systematic status and diversity of Antrodiella from the Neotropics based, in part, on studies of type specimens. Collections from Brazil were used for molecular analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and portions of genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Eight genera are confirmed to include Neotropical species treated as Antrodiella in a broad sense: Aegis, Antrodiella s. str., Flaviporus, Metuloidea, Mycorrhaphium, Rickiopora, Trametopsis, and Trullella. Molecular data reveal the occurrence of two new species, described as Antrodiella trivialis, the only Neotropical species of Antrodiella s. str. known so far, and Mycorrhaphium hispidum. In addition, Antrodiella luteocontexta was found to nest in the genus Aegis, close to the Grifolaceae and Polyporaceae; therefore, the new combination Aegis luteocontexta is proposed. Comments on the eight Antrodiella-related genera as well as species with uncertain taxonomic position are provided, together with a key to their identification.
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Background and aims – Bjerkandera is one of the few poroid genera in the Phanerochaetaceae family known to date. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is characterized by effused-reflexed, pileate basidiomata with a pale cream to... more
Background and aims – Bjerkandera is one of the few poroid genera in the Phanerochaetaceae family known to date. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is characterized by effused-reflexed, pileate basidiomata with a pale cream to smoky or mouse grey hymenophore that becomes darker when dried, and a monomitic hyphal structure with clamped generative hyphae. Morphological and phylogenetic studies have traditionally accepted only two species in the genus, B. adusta (generic type) and B. fumosa, both described from temperate Europe. Recently, three additional species, B. atroalba, B. centroamericana and B. mikrofumosa were described from the Neotropics. While studying polypores in the Yungas forests of northwest Argentina and the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, several specimens of Bjerkandera were gathered. A comparative morphological study revealed that some of these specimens do not correspond to any of the known species in the genus. This study aimed to propose a broad spe...
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Acanthocorticium brueggemannii gen. et sp. nov. is introduced based on specimens from Southern Brazil. This corticioid fungus is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with... more
Acanthocorticium brueggemannii gen. et sp. nov. is introduced based on specimens from Southern Brazil. This corticioid fungus is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate hyphae, finely echinulate halocystidia, cylindrical to clavate, dextrinoid acanthophyses, and globose, hyaline, smooth, and thin-walled IKI– basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses of a LSU data set and a combined data set of ITS and LSU were carried out and the new taxon was found to be related to cyphelloid fungi within the Agaricales. Descriptions and drawings of the microscopic features of A. brueggemannii are provided.
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A survey of Phytophthora spp. in declining and healthy Austrocedrus chilensis forest was conducted to obtain an overview of the species that inhabit these forests. Seventeen declining and three healthy stands plus 11 associated streams... more
A survey of Phytophthora spp. in declining and healthy Austrocedrus chilensis forest was conducted to obtain an overview of the species that inhabit these forests. Seventeen declining and three healthy stands plus 11 associated streams were surveyed. Five Phytophthora species were recovered. P. syringae was the most common species isolated from soil and/or streams at nine declining sites and one healthy site. P. gonapodyides was isolated from streams only, at five declining sites. P. cambivora was isolated from soil and the undescribed taxa ‘P. taxon Pgchlamydo’ and 22 ‘P. taxon Raspberry’ were isolated from streams at one declining site each. The species were identified by ITS rDNA sequences and morphological features. Brief descriptions of each species and a discussion of their possible relationship with “mal del ciprés” are presented.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biology, Ecology, Phytophthora, and 3 moreMycologia, Streams, and Taxon
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Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae, and hyaline, thin-walled, more or less cylindrical basidiospores. The species of Polyporus are divided into six morphological... more
Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae, and hyaline, thin-walled, more or less cylindrical basidiospores. The species of Polyporus are divided into six morphological groups, of which Melanopus is characterized by coriaceous basidiocarps, thin context and a black cuticle on the stipe. In this study, we explore the phylogeny and species diversity of Polyporus sensu lato focusing on the group Melanopus based on global samples. Our combined ITS and nLSU dataset included 117 collections represented by 117 ITS and 94 nLSU sequences, of which 43 ITS and 37 nLSU sequences were newly generated. The resulting phylogenetic analysis recovered four clades, Favolus, Neofavolus, Melanopus and Polyporellus clades, while several species in the morphological groups Melanopus and Polyporus were outside these clades. Combined with morphological evidence, three new species in the Melanopus clade, Polyporus americanus, P. austroandinus and P. conifericola, are newly described and illustrated, and their distinctive characters are discussed. The illegitimate name Polyporus fraxineus is renamed as Polyporus fraxinicola. The phylogeny and taxonomy of each species in group Melanopus (morphology) or Melanopus clade (phylogeny) and related species are briefly discussed.
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Global forests are increasingly being threatened by altered climatic conditions and increased attacks by pests and pathogens. The complex ecological interactions among pathogens, microbial communities, tree hosts and the environment are... more
Global forests are increasingly being threatened by altered climatic conditions and increased attacks by pests and pathogens. The complex ecological interactions among pathogens, microbial communities, tree hosts and the environment are important drivers of forest dynamics. Little is known about the ecology of forest pathology and related microbial communities in temperate forests of the southern hemisphere. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to characterize sapwood‐inhabiting fungal communities in North Patagonian Nothofagus forests and assessed patterns of diversity of taxa and ecological guilds across climatic, site and host variables (health condition and compartment) as a contribution to Nothofagus autecology. The diversity patterns inferred through the metabarcoding analysis were similar to those obtained through culture‐dependent approaches. However, we detected additional heterogeneity and greater richness with culture‐free methods. Host species was the strongest driver of fungal community structure and composition, while host health status was the weakest. The relative impacts of site, season, plant compartment and health status were different for each tree species; these differences can be interpreted as a matter of water availability. For Nothofagus dombeyi, which is distributed across a wide range of climatic conditions, site was the strongest driver of community composition. The microbiome of N. pumilio varied more with season and temperature, a relevant factor for forest conservation in the present climate change scenario. Both species carry a number of potential fungal pathogens in their sapwood, whether they exhibit symptoms or not. Our results provide insight into the diversity of fungi associated with the complex pathobiome of the dominant Nothofagus species in southern South America.
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ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships of 12 species in Aleurodiscus sensu lato (Stereaceae, Russulales) described from the Patagonian forests of Chile and Argentina were investigated based on sequences of nuc rDNA internal transcribed... more
ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships of 12 species in Aleurodiscus sensu lato (Stereaceae, Russulales) described from the Patagonian forests of Chile and Argentina were investigated based on sequences of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and the D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S). A new genus and a new species are presented, and 10 new combinations proposed. The genus Gloeosoma is shown to be phylogenetically well supported and morphologically circumscribed; it includes G. vitellinum (type species), G. mirabile, comb. nov., G. zealandicum, comb. nov., and Gloeosoma decorticans, sp. nov., which is newly described from Chile. The new genus Stereodiscus is proposed to accommodate a group of taxa characterized by an austral distribution and morphologically by smooth, thin-walled, amyloid basidiospores and a lack of gloeocystidia and acanthocystidia; three species develop Stereum-like basidiomata and two species present discoid ones. The new genus includes the species formerly known as Aleurodiscus antarcticus, A. limonisporus, A. parmuliformis, A. patagonicus, and A. triviale. Specimens of Stereodiscus parmuliformis (A. parmuliformis) from New Zealand (where it was originally described) and southern Chile are shown to be phylogenetically conspecific, which confirms its presence in Patagonia. Gloeosoma and Stereodiscus are shown to be distantly related to Aleurodiscus s. str. and other genera in Stereaceae. The new combinations Aleurocystidiellum bernicchiae, Aleurocystidiellum hallenbergii, and Acanthobasidium quilae are proposed based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses, and Aleurodiscus cerussatus is shown to be a cryptic species complex.
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Morphological and cultural studies of Trametes aethalodes Mont. were carried out to evaluate its taxonomic position. The new combination Daedalea aethalodes (Mont.) Rajchenberg is proposed. The genus Daedalea Pers.: Fr. is characterised... more
Morphological and cultural studies of Trametes aethalodes Mont. were carried out to evaluate its taxonomic position. The new combination Daedalea aethalodes (Mont.) Rajchenberg is proposed. The genus Daedalea Pers.: Fr. is characterised by pileate fruit bodies, a trimitic hyphal system, presence of generative hyphae with irregularly thickened walls, skeletal hyphae, and tramal cystidia that protrude into the hymenium. These features are also present in D. stereoides Fr., D. dickinsii (Berk.) Bond., and D .moesta (Kalchb.) Rajchenberg, comb. nov. The relationships with Antrodia Karst. and the significance of coloured vegetative hyphae in Coriolopsis Murr. are discussed.
Research Interests: Botany, Plant Biology, Taxonomy, Biology, Thallophyta, and 3 moreMycelium, Polyporaceae, and Basidiocarp
SummaryWe surveyed the polypore species associated with living hosts in Argentina. We reviewed the literature on polypores found in Argentina and, in addition with the study of unpublished herbarium material, present a list of 87 species... more
SummaryWe surveyed the polypore species associated with living hosts in Argentina. We reviewed the literature on polypores found in Argentina and, in addition with the study of unpublished herbarium material, present a list of 87 species decaying living trees in native forests and introduced plantations. The rot type, host(s), distribution and remarks are presented for each species. Among 87 species found, 71 produce a white rot and 16 a brown rot in wood; 61 species were exclusively found on native hosts and 7 on exotic, cultivated hosts, while 18 were found on both types of substrates; one species, Amylosporus campbellii, was exclusively found associated with grasses. For most cases, there are no pathological studies based on rot measurement and culture isolation to determine incidence and severity of the decay.