Mycobiota

A total number of osmophilic and osmotolerant mycobiota (45 species related to 21 genera) were collected from mud (the most dominant genera were Aspergillus (6 species), Emericella (3), Eurotium (3), Fusarium (3), and Penicillium (4), salt crusts (Aspergillus (8), Penicillium (4) and Emericella (3) and aerobiota (Cladosporium (4), Alternaria (3), Aspergillus (6) of Wadi El- Natrun lakes on Czapek Dox agar supplemented with 40% sucrose during the seasons of study. The halophilic and halotolerant mycobiota (22 species related to 13 genera) were collected from mud, salt crusts (only Acremonium strictum) and aerobiota (Cladosporium (3 species), Aspergillus (5), and Alternaria (3) on Czapek Dox agar supplemented with 10% sodium chloride during the seasons of study.

Cite this as: Gouda, H.A.M.A.M., Moubasher, A.-A.H., Ismail, M.A. & Hussein, N.A.-G. (2020). Osmophilic/osmotolerant and halophilic/halotolerant fungi from mud, salt crusts, and air collected from Wadi El- Natrun lakes. J. Multidiscip. Sci. 2(2), 30-40.

For millennia, fungi have been known by various communities as a valuable source of nutrition and medicines, however traditional view on mycobiota has changed throughout the history. A major role in this context played past scholars and scientists whose impact on attitude towards mushroom collection is also seen in our times. Their confrontation with traditional folk knowledge on mycobiota could be the cause of current division between mycophobic and mycophillic nations. The aim of this article is to present these changes from the perspective of Polish nation, which is currently considered as highly mycophillic. The visible change in scholars' attitude towards fungi and acceptance of folk view on mushrooms took place not earlier than at the turn of XVIII th and XIX th century. Long scientific reluctance to fungal kingdom has caused that knowledge about wild edible fungi is still limited and we still have broadly explore the world of fungi. With the right approach, mushrooms are able to provide us with many, possibly yet unknown benefits.

Annotation. Taxonomic diversity of agaricoid
basidiomycetes within the Ozerninsky bor in the
Proryvinsky state complex reserve, located in the
steppe zone of the Southern Trans-Urals has been
studied. It has been found 57 species macromycetes
belonging to 27 genera, 17 families, 3 orders.

This investigation determines the species composition and diversity of phylloplane mycobiota of twenty different plant
species, mostly trees, growing on roadsides in Karachi city or gardens (particularly Karachi University nursery and
various Departmental gardens on the campus). A total of twenty- two microfungal species and 12 genera were
recorded. The highest number of microfungal species (7) and genera (5) were recorded from Eucalyptus camaldulensis
and lowest number of species (2) and genera (2) were observed on the phylloplane of drumstick tree (Moringa
oleifera). Species diversity and its components, i.e., species richness and equitability, for the fungal communities were
ascertained. The diversity analysis disclosed that the microfungal general diversity (H) was high for neem or Indian
Lilac (Azadirachta indica), curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) while it was low
for Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo), golden-shower tree (Cassia fistula) and drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera). On
the other hand, equitability (J) was higher for neem (Azadirachta indica), Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus), oleander
(Nerium oleander) and Ashok tree (Polyalthia longifolia) and low for Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo), wild
almond (Terminalia catappa) and Golden-shower tree (Cassia fistula). The microfungal assemblages were generally
dominated by the genus Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus). Additionally, Nigrospora sphaerica
was also abundant. High qualitative similarities of phylloplane microfungal assemblages were demonstrated between
the 20 plant species. Alpha, beta and gamma diversity of the phylloplane mycobiota was determined. Alpha diversity
was low ( = 4.35) while average beta diversity was slightly higher than alpha diversity ( =6.26). Similarity of
mycobiota associated with phylloplane of various plant species was examined and average similarity based on
Sorensen’s index was found to be 23.80 percent. The similarity was zero for 101 pairs of assemblages. The phylloplane
fungal assemblage showed a great deal of correspondence with the airspora of the area.

In the current study, eight new recorded isolates related to the genus Alternaria, section Alternata were isolated from soil, sorghum, and wheat grains in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. In addition to DNA sequence analysis, morphological characteristics revealed their identity as Alternaria arborescens (2 isolates) and A. angustiovoidea (6 isolates). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of these species in Egypt. The two genetically identified strains of both species were deposited in the culture collection of Assiut University Mycological Centre with accession numbers of A. arborescens AUMC 14106 and A. angustiovoidea AUMC 14107. Sequences of the two strains' internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene were uploaded to Gen Bank with accession numbers A. arborescens MN240306 and A. angustiovoidea MN242398.

Cite this as: Abdel-Sater, M.A., Ismail, M.A., Hussein, N.A.-G. & Sayed, R.M. (2020). Alternaria arborescens and Alternaria angustiovoidea, two new additions to soil fungi of Egypt. J. Multidiscip. Sci. 2(1), 1-6.

Estudos com vista a ampliar o conhecimento sobre as espécies fúngicas associadas a plantas nativas do Cerrado bem como a treinar recursos humanos capazes de identificar e conservar a diversidade de fungos nesse ecossistema são de fundamental importância, principalmente quando se analisa a magnitude da micobiota, sua riqueza de espécies e diversidade de habitat. Com base nisso, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir o conjunto de espécies fúngicas associadas à Copaifera langsdorffii (copaíba), levando a uma ampliação do conhecimento micológico regional. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de ramos e folhas de copaíba com sintomas e sinais de fungo em Brasília, Distrito Federal, e a micobiota associada foi identificada com o auxílio de chaves apropriadas. Como resultado, oito fungos foram encontrados: Diorchidium copaifera, prováveis novas espécies de Stigmopeltis, Geastrumia, Metathyriella, Treubiomyces e Leptosphaeria, e dois prováveis gêneros novos do grupo dos celomicetos. A partir desse estudo é possível inferir que há uma grande diversidade de fungos em árvores do Cerrado e que sua micobiota ainda foi pouco explorada e identificada.

Abstract Water-filled tree holes (dendrotelmata) are mostly ephemeral micro-ecosystems characterized by high level of heterotrophic microbial activity sustained by allochthonous organic matter. In this paper, description of a five-year long observation of fungal consortia in a Norway maple tree-hole is presented. Overall, 139 fungal taxa were detected. Among them, Excipularia fusispora, Ellisembia leptospora, Rebentischia unicaudata, Tricladium castaneicola, Thielavia terricola and Alternaria spp. occurred most frequently. Our observations suggest that even an individual dendrotelma represents an exceptional microhabitat, forming a hot-spot for microfungi due to its role as a natural spore trap and its (temporarily) aquatic environment. Our results show that this aquatic micro-ecosystem supports highly diverse mycobiota with continuous temporal dynamics, with an important fraction of sporadic taxa.

The growing interest in spicy foods leads to the global demand for spices, particularly dried chili. This study aimed to assay both aflatoxin (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination using an integrative method of morphological identification, molecular detection, and chromatography analysis on dried chili provided from traditional and modern markets in Indonesia. The results showed that total fungal infection ranged from 1-408 × 103 CFU/g. Eighty percent of the chili obtained from both the traditional and the modern markets were infected by Aspergillus spp., in which 50% of the infections were identified as A. parasiticus and A. flavus. A complete set of targeted genes involved in AF production and OTA were detected in two isolates of A. flavus and one isolate of A. carbonarius, respectively. The levels of AFs B1, B2, and OTA in the contaminated dried chilies were in the range of 39.3–139.5 µg/kg, 2.6–33.3 µg/kg, and 23.7–84.6 µg/kg, respectively. In contrast, no AFs G1 and G2 we...

The atmospheric air is the dispersion way more used and well succesfulled of fungi.The aimof this studywas to identify the taxonomicdiversityairborne fungi inthehospital environment. Air samples of the hospital were collected according to the seasons ina totalof 104 samples, among of May 2006 to June of 2007.The Settle Plate technique was used and the identification of the fungus was made through to macro and micromorfology. The calcule of prevalences and x2 test were used. The most representative genera found were:
Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Rhodotorula, besides non sporulated fungi. The genera seasonal distribution during the winter had higher prevalences of yeasts like Candida and Rhodotorula. During spring, Alternaria and Acremonium obtained the highest prevalences and in the summer Helminthosporium and Torula were most prevalents. Cladosporium was more prevalent during the spring and summer and Aspergillus was more prevalent during autumn and in the summer. The hospital places where there were more diversity of fungi were hospital trash place, carpentry, confined rooms, material preparation room, procedure rooms and material and sterilization center. The Units of Internment and the Clinics were the places with the highest index of fungical diversity. The genera Mucor and Rhizopus showed a correlation for the type of hospital environment. This is an unpublished study about hospitalar airborne fungi in this city showing the local features of this mycobiota.

Endophytic fungi (EF) are microorganisms that live asymptomatically within plant tissues. They can confer benefits to the plant as inducers of resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to abiotic factors, plant growth promoters and mycoparasites of pathogens. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine occurrence frequency of endophytic fungi in stems and leaves of blueberry plants collected from ten farms in Lima and Ica Region, Peru. Productive branches of 39 healthy plants were sampled. For the isolation of EF, 702 tissue sections were disinfected and transferred to Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and reproductive structures were induced for identification. A total of 134 EF strains were isolated successfully. Nine genera were identified (Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Ulocladium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Lasiodiplodia and Stemphylium). EF occurrence frequency varied greatly between organs, being in leaves more frequent than the s...