Pharmacognostic investigation on fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of leaf of Mitracarpus vilosus (S.W) D.C was carried out to determine its macromorphological, micromorphological and chemomicromorphological profiles. Qualitative... more
Pharmacognostic investigation on fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of leaf of Mitracarpus vilosus (S.W) D.C was carried out to determine its macromorphological, micromorphological and chemomicromorphological profiles. Qualitative and quantitative studies indicated presence ofamphicribal vascular bundle arrangement, characteristic asperites, cone-shaped clothing trichomes, simple leaf arrangement lanceolate shape, entire margin, cuneate base, parallel venation and opposite/decussate arrangement. Other features include presence of calcium oxalate crystals, lignin and oil globules with palisade ratio of 4 – 7 and stomatal number of 13.5. The relative similarities between the members of the Spermacoceae tribe, to which the plant belongs, coupled with lack of information towards monograph preparation on the plant necessitated this investigation. These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification o...
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Hypoestoxide reduces human α-synuclein accumulation in a mouse model of PD. Mice brain sections were inmmunostained against human α-synuclein (Syn211 antibody) or C-terminal of human α-synuclein (Syn105 antibody). a Immunofluorescence... more
Hypoestoxide reduces human α-synuclein accumulation in a mouse model of PD. Mice brain sections were inmmunostained against human α-synuclein (Syn211 antibody) or C-terminal of human α-synuclein (Syn105 antibody). a Immunofluorescence analysis of human α-synuclein in the frontal cortex of non-tg and α-syn-tg mice treated with either vehicle or hypoestoxide. (n = 5 per group; unpaired t test; *p
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The aqueous extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) was prepared and tested on gastrointestinal smooth muscles of mice, rats and rabbits. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined. The... more
The aqueous extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) was prepared and tested on gastrointestinal smooth muscles of mice, rats and rabbits. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined. The effects of the extract on rat ileum, rabbit jejunum, rat stomach fundus strip and mice gastrointestinal motility were evaluated. The LD50 value in mice was 950 mg/kg i.p. Low concentrations of the extract (1.0 â 4.0 mg/ml) relaxed the isolated rat ileum and rabbit jejunum but did not alter the intrinsic myogenic contraction of the isolated rat stomach fundus strip. Higher concentrations of the extract (8.0 â 32.0 mg/ml) produced a concentration â dependent contraction of the same tissues. Lower doses of the extract (16 â 32 mg/kg p.o.) reduced mice gastrointestinal motility while the higher doses (64 â 500 mg/kg p.o) increased the motility. The contractile effects of acetylcholine (5 ng/ml) and histamine (2.0 I¼g/ml; 0.04 mg/ml) were blocked b...
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Cite this article as: Nneka N. Ibekwe, John B. Nvau, Peters O. Oladosu, Auwal M. Usman, Kolo Ibrahim, Helena I. Boshoff, Cynthia S. Dowd, Abayomi T. Orisadipe, Olapeju Aiyelaagbe, Akinbo A. Adesomoju, Clifton E. Barry III, Joseph I.... more
Cite this article as: Nneka N. Ibekwe, John B. Nvau, Peters O. Oladosu, Auwal M. Usman, Kolo Ibrahim, Helena I. Boshoff, Cynthia S. Dowd, Abayomi T. Orisadipe, Olapeju Aiyelaagbe, Akinbo A. Adesomoju, Clifton E. Barry III, Joseph I. Okogun, in collaboration with 73 Visited Herbalists, Some Nigerian anti-ome ethnomedIcines: a Preliminary Efficacy Assessment, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.059
The global threat of tuberculosis demands for search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs [1]. The crude methanolic extracts of eight Nigerian medicinal plant species used in the treatment of TB and other respiratory diseases were... more
The global threat of tuberculosis demands for search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs [1]. The crude methanolic extracts of eight Nigerian medicinal plant species used in the treatment of TB and other respiratory diseases were evaluated for activity against a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) using broth microdilution method. The plant parts used were obtained as described by the users from a forest near Baddegi, Niger State, Nigeria. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium at the Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria and National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria. Two hundred grams (200g) of each dried plant material was powdered and extracted by maceration with methanol for 72h at room temperature (3 x 250mL). All the crude extracts were filtered and evaporated in vacuo (350C). Each extract was then partitioned with n-hexane-...
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The reaction of copper(II) halides with o-aryloxybenzaldehydes to give xanthones is shown to be a general one. 2-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyloxy)benzaldehyde undergoes concomitant nuclear bromination to give... more
The reaction of copper(II) halides with o-aryloxybenzaldehydes to give xanthones is shown to be a general one. 2-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyloxy)benzaldehyde undergoes concomitant nuclear bromination to give 4-bromo-3-methoxybenzo[a]xanthen-12-one.
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Research Interests: Chemistry and Prenylation
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3b, 19a-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28oic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorgenic were isolated from the fruits and 3b, 19a-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from the roots of Kigelia pinnata. Key Words: Kigelia pinnata,... more
3b, 19a-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-28oic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorgenic were isolated from the fruits and 3b, 19a-hydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from the roots of Kigelia pinnata. Key Words: Kigelia pinnata, Bignoniaceae, Triterpenoids, Phenolic acids Nig. J. Nat. Prod. And Med. Vol.1 1997: 40-41
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Details of the preparation from zanthoxylol of a new anti-sickling agent, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2-H-1 bezophyran-6-butyric acid, DBA, are given. The reaction involved converting zanthoxylol to its iodo-compound. This in turn was... more
Details of the preparation from zanthoxylol of a new anti-sickling agent, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2-H-1 bezophyran-6-butyric acid, DBA, are given. The reaction involved converting zanthoxylol to its iodo-compound. This in turn was subsequently hydrolysed to DBA. DBA dose-dependently inhibited carrageein-induced rat paw oedema. The ED 50 was approximately 60 mg kg -1 . Indomethacin and aspirin were similarly effective with ED 50 of 2.2 and 91 mg kg -1 respectively. DBA also inhibited acetic acid induced squirming in mice. The ED 50 was 58 mg kg -1 compared with 75 mg kg for aspirin. DBA, indomethacin and aspirin inhibited generation of prostaglandin-like activity by isolated segments of rabbit jejunum as well as the production of PG-like activity from arachidonic by cell-free homogenates of guinea-pig lung. It is concluded that the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of DBA, like that of aspirin and indomethacin, may involve inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
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Research Interests: Pain, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical Trial, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 morePhytomedicine, Phytotherapy, Humans, Child, Internal Medicine, Female, Male, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Middle Aged, Adult, Acute Toxicity, Creatinine, Child preschool, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, and crossover study
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Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Chemical Geology, Oil Shale, and 3 moreDelta, Niger Delta, and Crude Oil
Methanolic extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia catappa were studied for in vitro microbial activities by agar dilution method. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts of the medicinal plants revealed the... more
Methanolic extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia catappa were studied for in vitro microbial activities by agar dilution method. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts of the medicinal plants revealed the presence of saponin, saponin glycosides, steroid, cardiac glycoside, tannins, volatile oils, phenols and balsam (gum). The methanolic extracts of the two plants inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 103207 and Clinical strain respectively) but had no inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Candida albicans was inhibited by the crude extracts of E. camaldulensis only. Accelerated gradient chromatography (AGC) gave fractions of the extract of T. catappa that were more active on Candida albicans and Escherichia coli than the crude extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged from 1.25:g/ml to 5:g/ml. The results obtained suggest that T. catappa and E. camaldulensis can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms. Key Words: Antimicrobial; medicinal plants; pathogenic microorganisms; inhibitory activity Biokemistri Vol.16(2) 2004: 106-11
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Research Interests: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Plant Biology, Ethnopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, and 15 moreNigeria, Medicine, Conservation of aromatic and medicinal plants, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Female, Male, Data Collection, Plant extracts, Adult, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium bovis, Indigenous, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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... Okpako DT in subsequent publication of results. 59. Awodogan A, Wambebe C, Gamaniel K, Okogun JI, Orisadipe A, Akah PA. (1966) Acute and short-term toxicity of NIPRISAN in rats I: biochemical study. J Pharm Res Drug 2:39-45. 60.... more
... Okpako DT in subsequent publication of results. 59. Awodogan A, Wambebe C, Gamaniel K, Okogun JI, Orisadipe A, Akah PA. (1966) Acute and short-term toxicity of NIPRISAN in rats I: biochemical study. J Pharm Res Drug 2:39-45. 60. Gamaniel K, Amos S, Akah PA, Samuel ...
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... ANTIFUNGAL PRINCIPLE FROM THE STEM BARK OF BERLINA GRANDIFLORA. Nkechi M. Enwerem, Joseph I. Okogun, Charles O. Wambebe, Domingo A. Okorie. Abstract. Lup-20(29)-en-3b-ol [lupeol] was isolated from the ...
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A new colorimetric method has been developed for the determination of chemically available cysteine and half-cystine in maize and legume seeds. The method is based on the reduction of cystine with aqueous NaBH(4)/urea/EDTA solution and... more
A new colorimetric method has been developed for the determination of chemically available cysteine and half-cystine in maize and legume seeds. The method is based on the reduction of cystine with aqueous NaBH(4)/urea/EDTA solution and the reaction of cysteine with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in 0.2 M sodium acetate/HCl buffer (pH 2.0) to form a greenish product showing maximum absorbance at 410 nm. The method is simple, accurate, and highly specific for cysteine, in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids. The method was applied to the determination of cysteine and of cysteine plus half-cystine in some seed meals. There was a good correlation between the results obtained using this method and those obtained using Ellman's reagent [5, 5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)]. There was also a good correlation between the results obtained using this method and cysteic acid values calculated from amino acid analysis of the samples.
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Deposition of α-synuclein and neuroinflammation are key pathological features of... more
Deposition of α-synuclein and neuroinflammation are key pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). There is no cure for the disease; however, targeting the pathological features might be available to modulate the disease onset and progression. Hypoestoxide (HE) has been demonstrated as a NF-κB modulator, thereby acting as a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug. In order to assess the effect of HE in a mouse model of PD, mThy1-α-syn transgenic mice received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of either vehicle or HE (5 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Treatment of HE decreased microgliosis, astrogliosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in α-syn transgenic mice. HE administration also prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons and ameliorated motor behavioral deficits in the α-syn transgenic mice, and α-synuclein pathology was significantly reduced by treatment of HE. In addition, increased levels of nuclear phosphorylated NF-κB in the frontal cortex of α-syn transgenic mice were significantly reduced by HE administration. These results support the therapeutic potential of HE for PD and other α-synuclein-related diseases.
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To evaluate the effect of the natural diterpenoid, hypoestoxide (HE) on the growth of established colon cancer in mice. The CT26.WT mouse colon carcinoma cell line was grown and expanded in vitro. Following the expansion, BALB/c mice were... more
To evaluate the effect of the natural diterpenoid, hypoestoxide (HE) on the growth of established colon cancer in mice. The CT26.WT mouse colon carcinoma cell line was grown and expanded in vitro. Following the expansion, BALB/c mice were inoculated s.c. with viable tumor cells. After the tumors had established and developed to about 80-90 mm(3), the mice were started on chemotherapy by oral administration of HE, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or combination. The antiangiogenic HE has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma in the B16F(1) tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate that mean volume of tumors in mice treated with oral HE as a single agent or in combination with 5-FU, were significantly smaller (> 60%) than those in vehicle control mice (471.2 mm(3) vs 1542.8 mm(3), P < 0.01). The significant reductions in tumor burden resulted in pronounced mean survival times (MST) and increased life spans (ILS) in the treated mice. These results indicate that ...
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Hypoestoxide (HE) is a diterpene isolated from Hypoestes rosea (Acanthaceae), a plant indigenous to Nigeria. Previous studies demonstrated that HE exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in well established animal... more
Hypoestoxide (HE) is a diterpene isolated from Hypoestes rosea (Acanthaceae), a plant indigenous to Nigeria. Previous studies demonstrated that HE exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in well established animal models but weak in vitro activities in both the anti-inflammation and anti-cancer in vitro screening systems. We now report a similar observation in the in vitro and in vivo screening systems for antimalarial activity. The results indicate that while HE exhibits a relatively weak in vitro activity (IC(50) = 10 microM versus 0.11 microM for chloroquine) against different strains of cultured P. falciparum parasites, the dose of HE required to reduce parasitemia by 90% in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, is much lower than standard antimalaria drugs (SD(90) = 250 microg/kg versus 5mg/kg for chloroquine). Furthermore, lower doses of HE were much more effective than higher doses in inhibiting parasite development. The implications of these findings are di...
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We have shown previously that hypoestoxide (HE), a natural diterpenoid [a bicyclo (9, 3, 1) pentadecane], is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this report, we demonstrate that HE also inhibits the growth of a variety of... more
We have shown previously that hypoestoxide (HE), a natural diterpenoid [a bicyclo (9, 3, 1) pentadecane], is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this report, we demonstrate that HE also inhibits the growth of a variety of human and murine tumor cell lines in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 microM and was inactive as a mutagen in the Ames test. HE exhibited highly potent (0.3-10 mg/kg dose ranges) activities against B16 melanoma growth in C57BL/6 mice and P388D1 leukemia in C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F(1) mice, respectively. At a low maximal effective dose of 5 mg/kg, HE induced significant in vivo antitumor activities that were better than or comparable with most of the standard chemotherapeutic antiangiogenic agents tested: cortisone acetate, vincristine, bleomycin, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. All of the agents, except vincristine, had much higher maximal effective doses than HE. HE arrested the growth of human Burkitt lymphoma CA46...
Research Interests: Cancer, Treatment, Cell Cycle, Cell Adhesion, Comparative Study, and 24 moreCell Division, In Vitro, Humans, Mice, DBA, Animals, Vascular endothelium, Ames Test, In Vivo, Endothelial cell, Diterpenes, HeLa cells, Tubulin, Mechanism of action, Cell Proliferation, Biological activity, Rabbits, Cell Cycle Arrest, Antitumor Activity, Antineoplastic Agents, Effective Dose, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Terpenoid, and Chorioallantoic Membrane
ABSTRACT Herein we describe an unprecedented formation of a cyclopropane ring through the conversion of a methyl group that was not functionalized for the purpose. In a one-step reaction, 7-deacetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxygedunin (4) afforded... more
ABSTRACT Herein we describe an unprecedented formation of a cyclopropane ring through the conversion of a methyl group that was not functionalized for the purpose. In a one-step reaction, 7-deacetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxygedunin (4) afforded two new gedunin derivatives, namely 7-deacetoxy-13,14,18-cyclopropyl-7 alpha,15 beta, 17 xi-trihydroxy-gedu-16-oic acid (7) and 7-deacetoxy-9,11-en-7 alpha,15 beta-dihydroxygedunin (8) along with the known 7-deacetoxy-7,9-diene-15 beta-hydroxygedunin (5).
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ABSTRACT Three types of reaction, esterification, C-alkenylation, and O-alkenylation, have been observed between the di-anion (4) and 1-bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene (5) in different solvent systems. Our studies of the effect of the medium on... more
ABSTRACT Three types of reaction, esterification, C-alkenylation, and O-alkenylation, have been observed between the di-anion (4) and 1-bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene (5) in different solvent systems. Our studies of the effect of the medium on the behaviour of the di-anion (4) towards electrophilic attack by the bromo-alkene (5) resulted in the synthesis of analogues (2) and (6d) of a known anti-sickling agent (3) in high yield. The regioselectivity of the alkenylation reactions is rationalised in terms of solvent polarity.
... Minor Constituents of Khaya anthotheca : Reduction of the Meliacins with Zinc-Copper Couple By Donald EU Ekong, Joseph 1. Okogun," and B. Lucas Sondengam, Department of ... Our first step involved reduction of the 14,15-1 CWL... more
... Minor Constituents of Khaya anthotheca : Reduction of the Meliacins with Zinc-Copper Couple By Donald EU Ekong, Joseph 1. Okogun," and B. Lucas Sondengam, Department of ... Our first step involved reduction of the 14,15-1 CWL Bevan, AH Rees, and DAH Taylor, J. Chem. ...
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... for CH-O-acyl also justify the indicated stereochemistries at C-1, C-3, and C-7 in (l), as in 3-deacetyl-3-benzoylkhivorin (2) and khi ~ orin . ... Ether-petroleum (3: 1) eluted melianin A (0.2 g), closely 6 G. J. W. Breen, E.... more
... for CH-O-acyl also justify the indicated stereochemistries at C-1, C-3, and C-7 in (l), as in 3-deacetyl-3-benzoylkhivorin (2) and khi ~ orin . ... Ether-petroleum (3: 1) eluted melianin A (0.2 g), closely 6 G. J. W. Breen, E. Ritchie, WT L. Sidwell, and W. C. 7 W. R. Chan, DR Taylor, and ...
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Research Interests: Sickle Cell Anemia, Multidisciplinary, Nature, Mice, Animals, and 4 moreMale, Butyric Acid, Oxygen, and Erythrocytes
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Hypoestoxide (HE) is a diterpene isolated from Hypoestes rosea (Acanthaceae), a plant indigenous to Nigeria. Previous studies dem- onstrated that HE exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in well established animal... more
Hypoestoxide (HE) is a diterpene isolated from Hypoestes rosea (Acanthaceae), a plant indigenous to Nigeria. Previous studies dem- onstrated that HE exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in well established animal models but weak in vitro activ- ities in both the anti-inflammation and anti-cancer in vitro screening\ systems. We now report a similar observation in the in vitro and in
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Terpenoidal fractions were isolated from both Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill and Perr (Stem) and Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr (Root) and assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The... more
Terpenoidal fractions were isolated from both Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill and Perr (Stem) and Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr (Root) and assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The terpenoidal fractions exhibited antimicrobial activities against all the test microorganisms. All test organisms were susceptible to the terpenoidal fractions. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.213 and 5.0 µg/ml.
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A new alkaloid, 2-methoxycanthin-6-one ( 1) has been isolated from the methanol extract of the stem wood of QUASSIA AMARA. In addition quassin ( 6) was also isolated. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods.
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Research Interests: Free Radicals, Plant Biology, Oxidative Stress, Nigeria, Drug, and 18 moreAntioxidants, Liver, Pharmaceutical, Animals, Male, Oxidoreductases, Hibiscus, Lipid peroxidation, Anthocyanins, Pharmaceutical Biology, Plant extracts, Annona, Rats, Carbon Tetrachloride, Wistar Rats, Drug Induced Liver Injury, Plant Leaves, and Enzyme Induction
Abstract The methanol extract of Cassia nigricans. Vahl.(Caesalpinaceae) was investigated for its antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.. The in vitro. activity against P. falciparum.... more
Abstract The methanol extract of Cassia nigricans. Vahl.(Caesalpinaceae) was investigated for its antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.. The in vitro. activity against P. falciparum. strain K1 was assessed using the ...
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Natural products and related structures are essential sources of new pharmaceuticals, because of the immense variety of functionally relevant secondary metabolites of microbial and plant species. Furthermore, the development of powerful... more
Natural products and related structures are essential sources of new pharmaceuticals, because of the immense variety of functionally relevant secondary metabolites of microbial and plant species. Furthermore, the development of powerful analytical tools based upon genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and other 21st century technologies are greatly expediting identification and characterization of these natural products. Here we discuss the synergistic and reciprocal benefits of linking these &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;omics technologies with robust ethnobotanical and ethnomedical studies of traditional medicines, to provide critically needed improved medicines and treatments that are inexpensive, accessible, safe and reliable. However, careless application of modern technologies can challenge traditional knowledge and biodiversity that are the foundation of traditional medicines. To address such challenges while fulfilling the need for improved (and new) medicines, we encourage the development of Regional Centres of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;omics Technologies functionally linked with Regional Centres of Genetic Resources, especially in regions of the world where use of traditional medicines is prevalent and essential for health.
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Research Interests: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Plant Biology, Ethnopharmacology, Saponins, and 14 morePhytotherapy, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Mice, Animals, Plant extracts, Annona, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Body Weight, Tannins, Sleeping sickness, Trypanocidal Agents, Aqueous Extract, and Plant Leaves
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Research Interests: Oxidative Stress, Human, Phytotherapy, Kidney, Liver, and 18 morevitamin C, Animals, Male, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Plant Roots, Superoxide Dismutase, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), Plant extracts, Rats, Homeostasis, Oxidative Damage, Distilled Water, Body Weight, Glutathione Reductase, Aqueous Extract, Oxidation-Reduction, and Malondialdehyde
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Research Interests: Free Radicals, Plant Biology, Oxidative Stress, Nigeria, Drug, and 18 moreAntioxidants, Liver, Pharmaceutical, Animals, Male, Oxidoreductases, Hibiscus, Lipid peroxidation, Anthocyanins, Pharmaceutical Biology, Plant extracts, Annona, Rats, Carbon Tetrachloride, Wistar Rats, Drug Induced Liver Injury, Plant Leaves, and Enzyme Induction
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Entandrophragma angolense is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine against several diseases including peptic ulcer. Methyl angolensate was isolated from E. angolense by recrystallization from methanol. The needle-like crystals were... more
Entandrophragma angolense is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine against several diseases including peptic ulcer. Methyl angolensate was isolated from E. angolense by recrystallization from methanol. The needle-like crystals were characterized and tested on isolated rabbit jejunum, guinea pig ileum and the rat fundus strip. The compound was also evaluated on the gastrointestinal transit in mice. The results showed that the compound exerted significant concentration dependent inhibition of smooth muscle and reduced the propulsive action of the gastrointestinal tract in mice. The relaxation observed did not attenuate acetylcholine and histamine induced contractions, but was found to inhibit contractions induced by serotonin. It is therefore suggested that methyl angolensate may exert its activity on gastrointestinal smooth muscle via serotonergic mechanisms.
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African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (11), pp. 1630-1636, 3 June 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 16845315 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Evaluation of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of ... Nigerian... more
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (11), pp. 1630-1636, 3 June 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 16845315 © 2008 Academic Journals ... Evaluation of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of ... Nigerian plants used for treatment of respiratory
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Research Interests: African and Castor Oil
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Background: Niprisan is a new drug extracted from indigenous herbs that has been developed by the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development for the prophylactic management of patients with sickle cell... more
Background: Niprisan is a new drug extracted from indigenous herbs that has been developed by the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development for the prophylactic management of patients with sickle cell disease.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of niprisan in the management of patients with sickle cell disease.Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Patients who met the criteria for homozygous sickle cell disease and had 3 painful or vaso-occlusive crises per year were randomized to 1 of 2 study groups. Group A took niprisan 12 mg/kg body weight for 6 months before crossing over to placebo for another 6 months; group B took placebo for 6 months before crossing over to niprisan for another 6 months. There was a 1-month washout period before the crossover. The main outcome measures were the incidence of crises; the occurrence of painful episodes; certain clinical, hematologic, and biochemical measures; and patients' daily self-assessment of health.Results: Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria, but complete data were available for only 69 patients at the end of 12 months, 33 in group A and 36 in group B. Loss to follow-up was related to social and logistic factors rather than study drug. One oral dose of 12 mg/kg niprisan daily significantly reduced the frequency of sickle cell crises, bone pain, and hospital admission (P < 0.05). The mean number of crises per person per month was 0.05 in patients who received niprisan initially, compared with 0.11 per person per month after the crossover to placebo. Patients generally rated their health as better and reported less sickness and absenteeism with niprisan than with placebo. Apart from headache, which was reported by 9 patients while taking niprisan, there were no important adverse effects.Conclusion: Niprisan was efficacious in the prophylactic management of patients with sickle cell disease, although additional confirmatory studies in larger sample sizes are needed.
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Research Interests: Immunology, Folk Medicine, Medicinal Plants, Cellular Immunology, Lipopolysaccharide, and 19 moreCellular, Humans, Mice, Nitric oxide, Female, Animals, Arthritis, Inflammatory disease, Enzyme, Angiosperms, Edema, Diterpenes, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Chondrocytes, Anti Inflammatory Activity, Type II Collagen, Phorbol ester, Interleukin, and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
A biologically monitored fractionation of the methanolic extracts of the root and fruits of Kigelia pinnata D.C. led to the isolation of the naphthoquinones kigelinone (1), isopinnatal (2), dehydro-alpha-lapachone (3), and lapachol (4)... more
A biologically monitored fractionation of the methanolic extracts of the root and fruits of Kigelia pinnata D.C. led to the isolation of the naphthoquinones kigelinone (1), isopinnatal (2), dehydro-alpha-lapachone (3), and lapachol (4) and the phenylpropanoids p-coumaric acid (5) and ferulic acid (6) as the compounds responsible for the observed antibacterial and antifungal activity of the root and kigelinone (1) and caffeic acid (7) from the fruits of this plant.
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The crude methanol extract of the stem wood of Quassia amara L. inhibited both the basal and LH-stimulated testosterone secretion of rat Leydig cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Fractionation of the extract by chromatography gave quassin... more
The crude methanol extract of the stem wood of Quassia amara L. inhibited both the basal and LH-stimulated testosterone secretion of rat Leydig cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Fractionation of the extract by chromatography gave quassin (1) and 2-methoxycanthin-6-one (2); compound 1 proved to be the bioactive agent.