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Research Interests: Psychology, Demography, Life History Theory, Mortality, Nineteenth Century, and 13 moreGerman, Eighteenth Century, Event history analysis, Population, Child, Kin Selection, Northern Germany, Demographic, Grandparents, Investment Strategies, Child mortality, Unobserved heterogeneity, and Random effects
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Zusammenfassung: Wir argumentieren, dass die Psychologie des Schwiegermutter/Schwiegertochter-Konflikts auf einen genetischen Interessenskonflikt zurückgeht. Anhand von Statistiken zur Totgeburtlichkeit zeigen wir, dass dieser Konflikt... more
Zusammenfassung: Wir argumentieren, dass die Psychologie des Schwiegermutter/Schwiegertochter-Konflikts auf einen genetischen Interessenskonflikt zurückgeht. Anhand von Statistiken zur Totgeburtlichkeit zeigen wir, dass dieser Konflikt unter den sozio-ökologischen Bedingungen der ländlichen Krummhörner Bevölkerung des 18. und 19.Jahrhunderts (Ostfriesland) reproduktive Kosten verursacht hat. Drei Szenarien könnten zur Evolution des Schwiegerkonflikts geführt haben: in dem “Monopolisierungs-Szenario” geht es der Schwiegermutter um eine best mögliche Erhöhung der Vaterschaftswahrscheinlichkeit ihres Sohnes. In dem Szenario zur “Steigerung des Paarungserfolgs” brechen Schwiegermütter starke emotionale Bande zwischen ihren Söhnen und deren Partnerinnen auf, um den Söhnen weitere, außereheliche Paarungsmöglichkeiten zu erleichtern. In dem “Ausbeutungs-Szenario” sind Schwiegermütter bestrebt, die ökonomischen Erträge aus der Arbeit von Schwiegertöchtern in die eigene Familienökonomie zu überführen. Die Krummhörner Schwiegerkonflikte entsprechen wahrscheinlich am besten der Logik des “Ausbeutungs-Szenarios”. Wir schließen mit der Hypothese, dass die soziale und reproduktive Manipulation der Schwiegertöchter durch die Schwiegermütter ein weiterer evolutionärer Weg zur Entstehung der postgenerativen Lebensspanne gewesen sein könnte.
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Oberpenning/Steidl: Einführung: Kleinräumige Wanderungen in historischer Perspektive Weigl: Weinbau und Nahwanderung in Wien 1580-1700 Lünnemann: Kleinräumige Wanderungen in Westfalen 1670-1870 Zeitlhofer: Formen der Seßhaftigkeit bei... more
Oberpenning/Steidl: Einführung: Kleinräumige Wanderungen in historischer Perspektive Weigl: Weinbau und Nahwanderung in Wien 1580-1700 Lünnemann: Kleinräumige Wanderungen in Westfalen 1670-1870 Zeitlhofer: Formen der Seßhaftigkeit bei Hausbesitzern und Landlosen in der südböhmischen Pfarre Kaplicky 1640-1840 Beise: Migration aus verhaltensökologischer Perspektive Nagel/Schmidt: Kleinräumige Migration im Kontext der Frühindustrialisierung Steidl: Regionale Zuwanderungsräume Wiener Handwerker im 18. und 19. Jh. Oberpenning: »People were on the move«. Wanderhandelssysteme im vor- und frühindustriellen Europ
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In the course of human evolution something hap pened, but anthropologists are unable to agree on why it happened: Humans can become twice as old as their ape ancestors. In this paper, we discuss scenarios which attempt to explain the... more
In the course of human evolution something hap pened, but anthropologists are unable to agree on why it happened: Humans can become twice as old as their ape ancestors. In this paper, we discuss scenarios which attempt to explain the evolutionary increase in lifespan. We substan tiate these theories with data from the family reconstitution study of the Kmrnmhorn region (Ostfriesland, Germany, 1720-1874) and come to the conclusion that two social strategies, namely "kin support" and "social manipulation", could have favored the evolution of a post-generative life span. "Kin support", which can be presented empirically in the improved survival probabilities of grandchildren, is the adaptive strategy of maternal grandmothers, whereas "social manipulation", which can be presented empirically by in creased stillbirth mortality and neonatal mortality amongst grandchildren, is the preferred strategy of paternal grand mothers (= mothers-in-law). Seen ...
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Among the millions of children on the move worldwide many – including hundreds of thousands of unaccompanied children and adolescents – undertake dangerous journeys. This report shows how the lack of safe and legal pathways for refugee... more
Among the millions of children on the move worldwide many – including hundreds of thousands of unaccompanied children and adolescents – undertake dangerous journeys. This report shows how the lack of safe and legal pathways for refugee and migrant children feeds a booming market for human smuggling and puts them at risk of violence abuse and exploitation. Building on recent UNICEF policy proposals it sets out ways that governments can better protect these vulnerable children.
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Zusammenfassung: Wir argumentieren, dass die Psychologie des Schwiegermutter/Schwiegertochter-Konflikts auf einen genetischen Interessenskonflikt zurückgeht. Anhand von Statistiken zur Totgeburtlichkeit zeigen wir, dass dieser Konflikt... more
Zusammenfassung: Wir argumentieren, dass die Psychologie des Schwiegermutter/Schwiegertochter-Konflikts auf einen genetischen Interessenskonflikt zurückgeht. Anhand von Statistiken zur Totgeburtlichkeit zeigen wir, dass dieser Konflikt unter den sozio-ökologischen Bedingungen der ländlichen Krummhörner Bevölkerung des 18. und 19.Jahrhunderts (Ostfriesland) reproduktive Kosten verursacht hat. Drei Szenarien könnten zur Evolution des Schwiegerkonflikts geführt haben: in dem “Monopolisierungs-Szenario” geht es der Schwiegermutter um eine best mögliche Erhöhung der Vaterschaftswahrscheinlichkeit ihres Sohnes. In dem Szenario zur “Steigerung des Paarungserfolgs” brechen Schwiegermütter starke emotionale Bande zwischen ihren Söhnen und deren Partnerinnen auf, um den Söhnen weitere, außereheliche Paarungsmöglichkeiten zu erleichtern. In dem “Ausbeutungs-Szenario” sind Schwiegermütter bestrebt, die ökonomischen Erträge aus der Arbeit von Schwiegertöchtern in die eigene Familienökonomie zu ü...
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Origins of EgalitarianismWealthy contemporary societies exhibit varying extents of economic inequality, with the Nordic countries being relatively egalitarian, whereas there is a much larger gap between top and bottom in the United... more
Origins of EgalitarianismWealthy contemporary societies exhibit varying extents of economic inequality, with the Nordic countries being relatively egalitarian, whereas there is a much larger gap between top and bottom in the United States.Borgerhoff Mulderet al.(p.682; see the Perspective byAcemoglu and Robinson) build a bare-bones model describing the intergenerational transmission of three different types of wealth—based on social networks, land and livestock, and physical and cognitive capacity—in four types of small-scale societies in which livelihoods depended primarily on hunting, herding, farming, or horticulture. Parameter estimates from a large-scale analysis of historical and ethnographic data were added to the model to reveal that the four types of societies display distinctive patterns of wealth transmission and that these patterns are associated with different extents of inequality.
Research Interests: Biological Psychology, Economics, Anthropology, Human Behavioral Ecology, Culture, and 15 moreEvolutionary Anthropology, Egalitarianism, Behavioral Economics, Cultural Anthropology, Humans, Economic System, Inequality, Foragers, Herding, Economic Models, Dynamic Model of WSN, Intergenerational Transmission, dynamic model, agrarian societies, and anthropology cultural
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Biologists use genetic relatedness between family members to explain the evolution of many behavioural and developmental traits in humans, including altruism, kin investment and longevity. Women's post-menopausal longevity in... more
Biologists use genetic relatedness between family members to explain the evolution of many behavioural and developmental traits in humans, including altruism, kin investment and longevity. Women's post-menopausal longevity in particular is linked to genetic relatedness between family members. According to the ‘grandmother hypothesis’, post-menopausal women can increase their genetic contribution to future generations by increasing the survivorship of their grandchildren. While some demographic studies have found evidence for this, others have found little support for it. Here, we re-model the predictions of the grandmother hypothesis by examining the genetic relatedness between grandmothers and grandchildren. We use this new model to re-evaluate the grandmother effect in seven previously studied human populations. Boys and girls differ in the per cent of genes they share with maternal versus paternal grandmothers because of differences in X-chromosome inheritance. Here, we demon...
Research Interests: Genetics, Biological Anthropology, Human Evolution, Parenting, Biology, and 15 moreLife History Evolution, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Longevity, Humans, Child, Female, Male, Pedigree, Biological evolution, Genetic Relatedness, Child mortality, Mortality rate, Inheritance Patterns, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Psychology, Demography, Life History Theory, Mortality, Nineteenth Century, and 13 moreGerman, Eighteenth Century, Event history analysis, Population, Child, Kin Selection, Northern Germany, Demographic, Grandparents, Investment Strategies, Child mortality, Unobserved heterogeneity, and Random effects
Research Interests: Biology, Ecology, Animal Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreResource use, Environmental Sciences, Population, Food Quality, Spatial Variability, Ecological Model, Size Distribution, Social Relationship, Adaptive Response, Food Distribution, Dominance Hierarchy, Contest, Scramble competition, Soluble sugar, and Low density
We describe the natal dispersal patterns of the Krummhörn population as the outcome of intrafamilial competition. Depending on the affiliation with a specific social group and the sex of the individual, this competition is driven by... more
We describe the natal dispersal patterns of the Krummhörn population as the outcome of intrafamilial competition. Depending on the affiliation with a specific social group and the sex of the individual, this competition is driven by different factors and obeys a different functional logic: The dispersal patterns of the daughters of landless workers allow a mate competition scenario to be detected, whereas the dispersal behavior of the children of farmers (especially of the sons) is driven by a resource competition scenario. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.