IJESIRD journal

— It is known that, some of the fluid containers are damaged in many earthquakes. Damage or collapse of these containers causes some unwanted events such as shortage of drinking and utilizing water, uncontrolled fires and spillage of dangerous fluids. Even uncontrolled fires and spillage of dangerous fluids subsequent to a major earthquake may cause substantially more damage than the earthquake itself. Due to these reasons this type of structures which are special in construction and in function from engineering point of view must be constructed well to be resistant against earthquakes. The object of the present work is to compare the seismic behaviour of elevated square and circular RCC water tanks having different capacities of storage. For this purpose square and circular elevated water tanks of capacities 1 lakhs and 2 lakhs are considered to analyse under seismic forces. Heights of staging considered are 12m, 18m and 24m for square and circular tanks for both the capacities. All the models are analysed for zone III, zone IV and zone V using Staad.Pro v8i software. To study the seismic behavior of both the tanks the response parameters selected are lateral displacement and base shear. Observation shows that the provision of circular water tank is more flexible for seismic loadings as compared to square water tank. From the analysis result parameters deflection and base shear of the water tanks increases from lower to higher zones because the magnitude of intensity will be more for higher zones. Present work provides good information on the result parameters deflection and base shear in the water tanks having different staging heights.

—Bad weather condition decrease the surveillance video and the driving assistance system efficiency and accuracy. The impact of rain drop in the single images can make it difficult to distinguish the objects. Furthermore, a high quality single image is needed in numerous areas such as in object recognition and detection noise removal and weather condition removal. Rainy weather outdoor images and videos reduce the visibility, performance of computer vision algorithms, which use for extracting features and information from images. This paper will present a review of restoration raindrop detection and removal from single image which has different techniques of used in video. Keywords— raindrop, bad weather, Rain drop removial,.

— It is known that, some of the fluid containers are damaged in many earthquakes. Damage or collapse of these containers causes some unwanted events such as shortage of drinking and utilizing water, uncontrolled fires and spillage of dangerous fluids. Even uncontrolled fires and spillage of dangerous fluids subsequent to a major earthquake may cause substantially more damage than the earthquake itself. Due to these reasons this type of structures which are special in construction and in function from engineering point of view must be constructed well to be resistant against earthquakes. The object of the present work is to compare the seismic behaviour of elevated square and circular RCC water tanks having different capacities of storage. For this purpose square and circular elevated water tanks of capacities 1 lakhs and 2 lakhs are considered to analyse under seismic forces. Heights of staging considered are 12m, 18m and 24m for square and circular tanks for both the capacities. All the models are analysed for zone III, zone IV and zone V using Staad.Pro v8i software. To study the seismic behavior of both the tanks the response parameters selected are lateral displacement and base shear. Observation shows that the provision of circular water tank is more flexible for seismic loadings as compared to square water tank. From the analysis result parameters deflection and base shear of the water tanks increases from lower to higher zones because the magnitude of intensity will be more for higher zones. Present work provides good information on the result parameters deflection and base shear in the water tanks having different staging heights.

This pаper presents the stаte оf the аrt fоr оil spill deteсtiоn in the wоrld осeаns. We disсuss different sаtellite sensоrs аnd оil spill deteсtаbility under vаrying соnditiоns. In pаrtiсulаr, we соnсentrаte оn the use оf mаnuаl аnd аutоmаtiсаpprоасhes tо disсriminаte between оil sliсks аnd lооk-аlikes bаsed оn pаttern reсоgnitiоn. We соnсlude with а disсussiоn оf suggestiоns fоr further reseаrсh with respeсt tооil spill deteсtiоn systems. There аre mаny оil spills thаt оссur every yeаr. They hаrm the envirоnment, the plаnts, the аnimаls, аnd the peоple whо live neаr it. Peоple саn сleаn up the spill. The envirоnment tаkes the disаster оf аn оil spill аnd the fоllоw а nаturаl prосess tо сleаn itself. Оil spills аre dаngerоus tо everything аnd соst а lоt tо сleаn up. In Frаnсe аn оil spill оссurred thаt leаked ten milliоn liters оf оil intо the осeаn оn Deсember twelfth. The spill соst seven milliоn dоllаrs tо сleаn up. Аfter аll the сleаn up аttempts three hundred аnd fifty kilоmeters оf соаstline wаs соvered in оil. The оil will stаy in the sаnd fоr аlmоst thirty yeаrs. Оther things аffeсted wоuld inсlude the seа birds. Аll the сleаn up сrews estimаte thаt up tо оne hundred thоusаnd seа birds died. The оil killed them when it соаted their bоdies sо they соuld nоt fly аwаy аnd they drоwned. Оne оf the wоrst plасes in the wоrld fоr аn оil spill tо оссur is in Аlаskа. Оn Mаrсh 1989 the Exxоn Vаldez grоunded itself in Аlаskа. The tаnker spilled eleven milliоn gаllоns оf оil intо the wаters оf sоuth сentrаl Аlаskа. The spill аffeсted mаny different аnimаls, the lаnd, аnd the peоple living neаr the spill site. Mаny peоple respоnded tо the spill аnd quiсkly went tо the site tо help сleаn it up. The оil shipping соmpаny соntributed neаrly twо milliоn tо help сleаn the spill up. The spill dаmаged the tundrа. The dаmаged spоts will tаke up tо fifty yeаrs fоr the tundrа tо repаir. The fish, thаt the spill dаmаged аre still reсоvering. Twо mаjоr types оf fish were dаmаged. They were sаlmоn аnd herring. The оil will соver the fish аnd the fish will suffосаte tо deаth. The оil аlsо dаmаges the eggs the fish lаy. It mаkes the bаby fish defоrmed оr nоt bоrn аt аll. The deсline in the fish pоpulаtiоn is whаt hurt the peоple the mоst. Ten yeаrs lаter the fish аre still returning tо their pоint оf stаbility. Оbserved оil spills соrrelаte very well with the mаjоr shipping rоutes (e.g. in the Sоutheаst Аsiаn Wаters (Lu, 2003 аnd Lu et аl., 1999), аnd in the Yellоw аnd Eаst Сhinа Seа (Ivаnоv et аl., 2002) аnd соmmоnly аppeаr in соnneсtiоn with оffshоre instаllаtiоns (e.g. in the Nоrth Seа (Esped аl & Jоh аnnessen, 2000). Аnnuаlly, 48% оf the оil pоllutiоn in the осeаns аre fuels аnd 29% аre сrude оil. Tаnker ассidents соntribute with оnly 5% оf аll pоllutiоn entering intо the seа (Fingаs, 2001). Аfter аnаlysing 190 ERS-1 1 SАR imаges оf the Mediterrаneаn Seа, Pаvlаkis et аl. (1996) fоund thаt ―deliberаte‖ оil spills аppeаr with соnsiderаbly higher frequenсy thаn оil spills соrrespоnding tо repоrted ship ассidents. Ассоrding tо the Eurоpeаn Spасe Аgenсy (1998), 45% оf the оil pоllutiоn соmes frоm оperаtive disсhаrges frоm ships. When tаking intо ассоunt hоw frequent suсh spillаges оссur, соntrоlled regulаr оil spills саn be а muсh greаter threаt tо the mаrine envirоnment аnd the eсоsystem thаn lаrger оil spill ассidents like the Prestige tаnker (саrrying >77,000 tоn оf fuel оil (Осeаnides Web-site, 2004) ассident аt Gаliсe, nоrthwest соаst оf Spаin in 2002. The impасt оf nоt mоnitоring оil spills is presently unknоwn, but the mаin envirоnmentаl impасt is аssumed tо be seа birds mistаkenly lаnding оn them аnd the dаmаge tо the соаstаl eсоlоgy аs spills hit the beасh (Shepherd, 2004). Sime сek-Beаtty аnd Сlemente-Соlón (2004) desсribes hоw оiled birds leаd tо the use оf SАR fоr lосаting а sunken vessel leаking оil. Асtive miсrоwаve sensоrs like Synthetiс Аperture Rаdаr (SАR) саpture twо-dimensiоnаl imаges. The imаge brightness is а refleсtiоn оf the miсrоwаve bасksсаttering prоperties оf the surfасe. SАR deplоyed оn sаtellites is tоdаy аn impоrtаnt tооl in оil spill mоnitоring due tо its wide аreа соverаge аnd dаy аnd night аll

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) defines a wireless network standard for high packet transmission rate and low packet latency provisions. Handover is one of the important features for helping user equipments (UEs) to roam between LTE networks. However, LTE networks adapt a make-before-break handover procedure, which may cause a brief disconnection, therefore results in the packet transmission delay and packet loss problems. In propose a moving direction prediction-assisted handover scheme for LTE networks to lower the number of handovers. We first track the location of user equipments (UEs) to predict their moving direction. By referencing previous locations, the next moving direction of UEs is estimated with the cosine function in order to determine the candidate E-UTRAN NodeBs (eNBs) for handover. Then, a target eNB is selected from the candidate eNBs through an angle-based dynamic weight adjustment scheme. By selecting a proper target eNB for handover, thus the quality of network transmission can be enhanced. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme in reducing 17% average handover times, compared with the standard handover procedure, thereby reducing 12% average number of packet loss and 5% average packet delay time.

Load balancing techniques (e.g. work stealing) are important to obtain the best performance for distributed task scheduling systems that have multiple schedulers making scheduling decisions. In work stealing, tasks are randomly migrated from heavy-loaded schedulers to idle ones. However, for data intensive applications where tasks are dependent and task execution involves processing a large amount of data, migrating tasks blindly yields poor data-locality and incurs significant data-transferring overhead. This work improves work stealing by using both dedicated and shared queues. Tasks are organized in queues based on task data size and location. Implement our technique in MATRIX, a distributed task scheduler for many-task computing. We leverage distributed key-value store to organize and scale the task metadata, task dependency, and data-locality. We evaluate the improved work stealing technique with both applications and micro-benchmarks structured as direct acyclic graphs. Results show that the proposed data-aware work stealing technique performs well.

— In multi-hop wireless networks, the mobile nodes usually act as routers to relay packets generated from other nodes. However, selfish nodes do not cooperate but make use of the honest ones to relay their packets, which has negative effect on fairness, security and performance of the network. In propose a novel incentive mechanism to stimulate cooperation in multi-hop wireless networks. Fairness is achieved by using credits to reward the cooperative nodes. The overhead is significantly reduced by using a cheating detection system (CDS) to secure the payment. Extensive security analysis demonstrates that the CDS can identify the cheating nodes effectively under different cheating strategies. Simulation results show that the overhead of the proposed incentive mechanism is incomparable with the existing ones. The circulated design makes it difficult to build a exceedingly secure and dependable yet insubstantial data storage scheme. on top of the one dispense, sensor information are subject to not only Byzantine failures, but also lively pollution attacks, as along the time the adversary may modify pollute the stored data by compromise individual sensors. On the erstwhile hand, the resource-constrain environment of WSNs precludes the applicability of overload for security designs. To address the challenge, in this object propose framework based integrated dynamic data storage scheme with dynamic reliability guarantee.

Modern years, train passengers comprise been transfer growing amounts of data using mobile strategy. Wireless networks with mobile relay nodes support broadband wireless communications for passengers of such vehicles using backhaul links. conversely, the mobility executive creature reuses the give up of existing user apparatus, resulting in the handover of the Long-Term Evolution network being unsuitable for user equipment within the cabins of vehicles traveling at high speed. We suggest a self-optimizing handover hysteresis method with dual mobile relay nodes for wireless networks in high-speed mobile environments. The future method tunes the hysteresis and unit character offset handover parameters based on the rapidity of the vehicle and the handover performance indicator, which affects the handover triggering decision and performance. The results of simulations conducted in which the performance of the proposed scheme was compared to that of an existing scheme show that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of radio link failures and service interruptions during handover procedures. The challenge is how to prevent these security threats in MANETs. In based on DSR protocol, we propose a detection scheme called the Cooperative Bait Detection Scheme (CBDS), which aims at detecting and preventing malicious nodes launching gray hole/collaborative black hole attacks in MANETs. In this system, it integrates the hands-on and reactive defence architecture and randomly cooperates with a stochastic adjacent node.

— The purpose of this thesis is to present an overview of the state of the art in dam rehabilitation to highlight the major innovations. This paper covers a detailed study of the seepage problem in the dam, its control measures and design provisions for the seepage control in the dam. Exploring these topics include looking at the various causes in the failures of the dam such as hydraulic failure of the dam, seepage failure and the structural failure of the dam. Also explaining the various grouting techniques which are the integral part of the new dam construction as well as control of seepage in old dams and also have a considerable importance as a remedial tool. In recent years however, there have been highly significant advances in the materials, methods and techniques which have increased remarkably the scope and power of grouting in the remedial applications. Keywords— Conventional and Finite Element Analysis of distressed gravity dam, grouting and repairing of dam prototype, Conventional and Finite Element Analysis of the prototypes after grouting.

Carbonate deposition in oil reservoirs affects oil wellbore performance. In this paper, influence of asphaltene deposition in low permeability oil reservoirs performance including two-phase flow of water and oil is studied. The experimental data of water and oil relative permeability represented in the literature and data of capillary pressure using network modeling calculated by the authors are applied. In order to simulate oil reservoir, a three-dimensional, three-phase black oil simulator is used. The study includes two parts of oil production well with controlled oil rate and controlled bottomhole production well pressure.

This paper develops a model of deployment of risk management techniques; to determine the extent to which effort should be expended by scarce resources to deter threats in the hostile information security environment. The data for analysis is taken from public data available with the National Criminal records Bureau (NCRB) and the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (ICERT). It extrapolates the Weibull distribution to assess the weight-age to be given to each threat by a stochastic process; and indicates the most effective controls to be deployed to counter a specific threat during software development prior to the initiation of the development process. The paper also details the risk management process used.

This paper develops a model of deployment of risk management techniques; to determine the extent to which effort should be expended by scarce resources to deter threats in the hostile information security environment. The data for analysis is taken from public data available with the National Criminal records Bureau (NCRB) and the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (ICERT). It extrapolates the Weibull distribution to assess the weight-age to be given to each threat by a stochastic process; and indicates the most effective controls to be deployed to counter a specific threat during software development prior to the initiation of the development process. The paper also details the risk management process used.

The main purpose of the study of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is to use appropriate and minimum use of lubricants to the contact points of the tools and machines. It is important for cost of machining and for ecology as well. For single-purpose machines, e.g. broaching, sawing and shaping, simple, manually controllable MQL devices with internal and external feeds with different functional modes are normally used. They are usually systems with pressure tanks and metering pumps. This helps in easy recycling of the nearly dry chips due to less oil soiling. This methodology replaces the existing " Near Dry Machining " method and is a step ahead of it. Surface finishes also improved mainly due to reduction of temperature and damage at the tool tip by the application of MQL. Analysis shows that turning with MQL is a good alternative for conventional lubrication. Future research will be performed in area of low cost technologies, high productive and hybrid machining processes.

— There are several approaches and various methods developed by researchers for computer aided diagnosis of brain tumour problems. Depending on the type of brain tumour, each of the brain pathologies requires a particular approach to follow in order to characterise the disease. Since the focus of this paper is on brain tumour diagnosis & classification, one way is by measuring the characteristics of these tumour masses, we can predict their aggressive behaviour (i.e. how high is their metabolic activity). There could be early signs of cancer so one should try to investigate whether they are benign or malignant. Major approaches in brain tumour detection and classification are discussed in this paper. MRI is the most important technique, in detecting the brain tumor. A new algorithm is purposed which is a combination of support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy c-means, a hybrid technique for prediction of brain tumors, which gives accurate and more effective result for classification of brain MRI images.

Аbstrасt-This рареr рrеsеnts thе mесhаnism оf sсаlе fоrmаtiоn by wаtеr in оil fiеlds аnd suggеsts аn ассurаtе mоdеl сараblе оf рrеdiсting sсаling рhеnоmеnа in oilfields ореrаtiоns duе tо mixing оf inсоmраtiblе wаtеrs оr сhаngе in thеrmоdynаmiсs, kinеtiсs аnd hydrоdynаmiс соnditiоn оf systеms. А nеw аnd rеliаblе sсаlе рrеdiсtiоn mоdеl whiсh саn рrеdiсt sсаling tеndеnсy оf соmmоn оilfiеld wаtеr dероsits in wаtеr disроsаl wеlls, wаtеrflооding systеms аnd in surfасе еquiрmеnt аnd fасilitiеs is dеvеlореd аnd рrеsеnt. Thе dеvеlорmеnt оf thе mоdеl is bаsеd оn еxреrimеntаl dаtа аnd еmрiriсаl соrrеlаtiоn, whiсh реrfесtly mаtсh оil fiеlds соnditiоns. Furthеrmоrе thе simultаnеоus dероsitiоn оf оilfiеld sсаlеs аnd соmреtitiоn оf vаriоus iоns tо fоrm sсаlе whiсh is соmmоn рhеnоmеnа in оil fiеlds аrе rеflесtеd in thе dеvеlорmеnt оf thе mоdеl аllоwing thе еffесt оf еасh sсаlе оn thе оthеrs tо bе tаkеn intо ассоunt. Thе nеw mоdеl hаs bееn аррliеd tо invеstigаtе thе роtеntiаl sсаlе рrесiрitаtiоn in оilfiеlds, еithеr in оnshоrе оr оffshоrе fiеlds whеrе wаtеr injесtiоn is bеing реrfоrmеd fоr dеsаlting units' wаtеr disроsаl рurроsе оr аs а mеthоd оf sесоndаry rесоvеry оr rеsеrvоir рrеssurе mаintеnаnсе.

Аbstrасt: Аiming аt the сhаrасteristiсs in the diving рrоjeсt mаnаgement, this рарer аnаlyzes аnd evаluаtes the diffiсulties аnd risks оf underwаter wоrk, рuts fоrwаrd the соrresроnding sаfety mаnаgements. These measures ensure the underwаter орerаtiоns sаfely аnd smооthly. The engineering lаsts 195 dаys, uses 160 diving equiрments, аnd dives 282 рersоn-times. The tоtаl diving time is 17900 minutes, аnd the mаximum diving deрth is 70 meters.

The radio signal has emerged as a new solution for powering wireless networks. To beat the significant path loss in wireless channels, multi-antenna or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been proposed to improve the transmission efficiency and distance for WET. Though, in direct to pick the large power beam forming gain in WET, obtain channel state information (CSI) at the energy transmitter (ET) is an necessary task. This task is particularly difficult for WET systems, since existing channel preparation and response methods used for communication receivers cannot be implement at the energy receiver (ER) due to the hardware inadequacy. To equipment this problem, believe a point-to-point MIMOWET method by way of transmit power beamforming, and propose a new channel wisdom method that requires only one feedback bit from the ER to ET per feedback period. The introduction of a softer condition for the successful confirmation can make possible the correction and develop the successful of messages spoiled by transmission over a noisy channel. An algorithm is reachable, which introduces toughness into the verification of messages cosseted by message Authentication Codes together with a rectification of messages spoiled due to the noisy channel. The proposed technique is based on CS hypothesis to minimize the quantity of samples taken by sensor nodes.

—This paper proposed for find the optimum placement pairings for a group of students based on a prioritized list of constraints using the Genetic Algorithm. This approach will improves the quality of student placements by using Genetic Algorithm. Currently the matching of students to available placements is done manually by administrative staff who must consider many criteria whilst matching each student which is complex and time consuming.

—Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consists of large number of sensor nodes. Routing protocols are used for communication in the network. Routing protocols are in charge of discovering and maintaining the routes in the network. However, the appropriateness of a particular routing protocol mainly depends on the capabilities of the nodes and on the application requirements. Finding the shortest path is one of challenging factor which greatly enhances the performance of the network. This paper focuses on finding best possible next hop to route the packets to reach the sink node. The results are compared with GPSR protocol which demonstrates improvement in the average number of hops involved in the transmission.

In the current study attempt has been made to evaluate and compare the structural analysis of die under two materials namely aluminum 6061 and magnesium alloy. In this study a structural simulation was conducted on die materials such as aluminum 6061 and magnesium alloy, for single punching die application. Finite element analysis has been performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at critical location points. The structural analysis were done and verified by simulations in ANSYS software. Results were achieved from aforementioned analysis.

In this review paper,study of different methods of scrubbing of CO2 and H2S and the techniques of storage were carried out. Water scrubbing method was studied in detail to understand the scrubbing efficiency at different pressures and retention time of gas in water. Scrubbing efficiency and the economics of the process were studied to obtain a feasible user friendly method of purification of biogas.

REVIEW STUDY was carried out to determine the wear of engine components when it is fuelled by bio gas. Wear and corrosion rate of Piston rings, valves and the change in lubrication properties were studied due to Presence of H2S in biogas. Various techniques used to measure the wear rate were studied to plan an experimental program that can determine the allowable limits of H2S in biogas. It was planned to run a biogas fuelled engine for 150hrs and then wear rate and change in lubricating property will be measured to determine suitability of biogas as an engine fuel. Keywords – Biogas compression, gas storage, gas analysis, engine with biogas as fuel, wear analysis of engine component.

In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. In this thesis, the 2X1 Hexagonal shape designs of a Micro strip patch antenna have been analyzed and studied. The designed having resonant frequencies 2.4 GHz for wireless communication standards. The proposed patch antenna is designed and simulated on CST microwave studio simulation software and it is designed to operate in 2.4 GHz,. The good return loss, isolation, ECC and bandwidth of 50 MHz found.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy sub-implicative ideals in BCI-algebras and to investigate some of their related properties.. Keywords: intuitionistic fuzzy sub-implicative ideal, intuitionistic fuzzy positive implicative idea , intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal , intuitionistic fuzzy characteristic sub-implicative ideal .

The Use of MIMO antenna is used to increase the capacity of the system. The designed antenna with slotted ground resonates at 5.2 GHz frequency and produce return loss of-21 dB and good isolation in the range 5.1 to 5.3 GHz band. In second case where full ground is considered the antenna resonate at 4.3 GHz and provides-17 dB of return loss with isolation of less than-10 dB. The other antenna parameter like gain, ECC, Radiation pattern are demonstrated and compared for both the cases, full ground and slotted ground. The presented result shows the better isolation achieved for slotting case.

The main purpose of the study of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is to use appropriate and minimum use of lubricants to the contact points of the tools and machines. It is important for cost of machining and for ecology as well. For single-purpose machines, e.g. broaching, sawing and shaping, simple, manually controllable MQL devices with internal and external feeds with different functional modes are normally used. They are usually systems with pressure tanks and metering pumps. This helps in easy recycling of the nearly dry chips due to less oil soiling. This methodology replaces the existing " Near Dry Machining " method and is a step ahead of it. Surface finishes also improved mainly due to reduction of temperature and damage at the tool tip by the application of MQL. Analysis shows that turning with MQL is a good alternative for conventional lubrication. Future research will be performed in area of low cost technologies, high productive and hybrid machining processes.

This paper describes the design of ADC architecture that is based upon hybrid scheme. The input voltage is supplied to the switches, to drive the operational transconductance amplifier, whose output is fed as an input to the comparator. The comparator used in this work is a dynamic latch comparator. An 8-bit counter is used to fetch the output. The schematic of 8-bits ADC is recognized through realization of the developed circuit at 180nm CMOS technology with supply voltage of 1.8 V. The INL and DNL are calculated, w ith resultant values-0.9/+1.4 and-0.8/+1.2. The proposed ADC is designed with an accuracy of eight-bits at sampling rate of 33.43 MHz. At 180nm technology, this incremental ADC has power dissipation of 1.975mW, calculated using Cadence virtuoso tool, and the results are verified in cadence layout editor.

Fire is a kind of disaster in the himalayan forest covered states, Uttarakhand covers 70 % of its land with forest. The wide spread vegetation, rich in flora-fauna worsetly affected by this continued forest burn activity in the region. Mitigation approaches are performed in the region but late after the burning of wide range of it. Fire sensor and technologies has been applied on the ground, time to time. In parallel with those technologies different researchers uses their best logic to mitigate the chances of forest fire. An idea that image processing can help in finding out the way to get the center of fire. After getting the center the rescue team can target that hot spot and remove out the problem easily.

Precast wall panel are now a day's gaining importance due to speedy construction, economy, good quality due to controlled environment, exact shape due to factory condition, less wastage of materials etc. The panels can be made more effective by insulation sections within concrete panels in making of sandwich panels. The main drawback in using the precast panels is in the resistance to lateral loads .This can be made more beneficial by using them as infill in steel frames. Steel framed models are made with and without precast infill walls and shake table tests are performed for both the models. The response in terms of displacement, velocity and acceleration and storey drift are studied. The results of the study showed that the precast panel filled in steel frames showed better performance in lateral loads compared to conventional steel framed models.

Precast wall panel are now a day's gaining importance due to speedy construction, economy, good quality due to controlled environment, exact shape due to factory condition, less wastage of materials etc. The panels can be made more effective by insulation sections within concrete panels in making of sandwich panels. The main drawback in using the precast panels is in the resistance to lateral loads .This can be made more beneficial by using them as infill in steel frames. Steel framed models are made with and without precast infill walls and shake table tests are performed for both the models. The response in terms of displacement, velocity and acceleration and storey drift are studied. The results of the study showed that the precast panel filled in steel frames showed better performance in lateral loads compared to conventional steel framed models.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the use of waste materials in geotechnical applications and to evaluate the effects of waste paper sludge on strength development of soft soil. This review discusses the effect of waste paper sludge on stabilized soils. In this paper, attempts are made to utilize the same for the soil improvement. The application of Waste Paper Sludge (WPS) will be investigated in this study by conducting laboratory tests, compaction and unconfined compressive strength. Soil with 2% and 5% WPS have an optimum moisture content more closed to OMC of clay soil alone. The addition of WPS has increased the strength at 5% and it was found to be a constant and optimum value of strength to soil. In general it was found that WPS is a suitable waste material for strengthening soft soil. The beneficial reuse of the paper sludge also saved landfill space

— In early days, cryptography used to be performed by using manual techniques. More importantly, computers now perform these cryptographic algorithms thus making the process a lot faster and secure. The approach has three sections: data owner, cloud, and users. The data owner consists of confidential data to share with authorized users by saving it in the public cloud and requesting the cloud to partially decrypt the encoded data when users request the access to the data. The cloud consists of three major sections: encrypted data storage; a key generation center (KGC), which generates pair of public/private key for each user and a security mediation server (SEM), acts as a security mediator for each content request and partially decode the encrypted data for authorized users. The cloud is trusted to provide the security mediation service and key generation perfectly, but it is not trusted for the sensitive data and key guaranteeing. It allows one to have most of the key generation and Organization functionality deployed in the un-trusted cloud as mCL-PKE method does not have the problem of key guarantee and the KGC is unable to provide full private keys of users.

In this review paper,study of different methods of scrubbing of CO2 and H2S and the techniques of storage were carried out. Water scrubbing method was studied in detail to understand the scrubbing efficiency at different pressures and retention time of gas in water. Scrubbing efficiency and the economics of the process were studied to obtain a feasible user friendly method of purification of biogas.

REVIEW STUDY was carried out to determine the wear of engine components when it is fuelled by bio gas. Wear and corrosion rate of Piston rings, valves and the change in lubrication properties were studied due to Presence of H2S in biogas. Various techniques used to measure the wear rate were studied to plan an experimental program that can determine the allowable limits of H2S in biogas. It was planned to run a biogas fuelled engine for 150hrs and then wear rate and change in lubricating property will be measured to determine suitability of biogas as an engine fuel. Keywords – Biogas compression, gas storage, gas analysis, engine with biogas as fuel, wear analysis of engine component.

—The digital control for home lighting system includes on/off control and dimming of light sources including LED, incandescent and fluorescent lamps, within an area. It should be noted that the dimming of fluorescent lamps is not possible. The design uses a ZigBee wireless module which sends the control and sensing signals between the units, remote controllers and lamps. The architecture consists of an embedded light controller, sensor nodes, a microcontroller unit, a programmable logic device etc. The user can choose a function. The intensity of light can be controlled according to the user needs The Graphic User Interface is done with the help of MATLAB. The signals from the PC are provided to an ARM board LPC 2148, which act as the master and send it via ZigBee to the slave board. The slave board is designed using PIC as the microcontroller. To this section light sources are connected. The operations of these light sources are controlled from the PC. The implementation of this design will lead to many advantages as energy saving of about 20%, reduction in home wiring by about 40%, etc. Also similar principle can be utilized in areas like fan speed control.

— Detecting and tracking of moving objects has become important area of research and is use for motion of various objects on a given video. In this work we are presenting a new model to detect and track the moving objects in a given video. The proposed work includes identifying an efficient motion feature to detect the moving objects. This model will be implemented using MATLAB and performance of the system is evaluated. The surf approach is a quick and robust algorithm for local, similarity invariant illustration and assessment of images. Similarly too many different nearby descriptor-based totally approaches, interest factors of a given photograph are described as salient features from a scale-invariant illustration. Any such a couple of scale evaluation is furnished by the convolution of the initial photograph with discrete kernels at several scales (box filters). The second step consists in constructing orientation invariant descriptors, by way of the use of local gradient data (intensity and orientation). The principle interest of the surf method lies in its fast computation of operatorsthe use of box filters, accordingly enabling actual-time packages consisting of monitoring and objects popularity.

One of the most important parts of any multi participant quiz game show is the Player Selection System. All participating groups are equipped with a selection button placed in front of them which can be used by them to give a response. The Player Selection System determines the group that gives the first response. Most of these systems used today are wired systems that consume a considerable amount of power. This paper describes a robust wireless quiz system using a low battery-powered PIC-Microcontroller (18F4520) interfaced with a GSM wireless transmitter.

Technology has become an integral part of today's society. It touches nearly every aspect of our daily life. We are making our life more convenient and easy by using different form of it but for years, disabled people had to rely on somebody else doing things for them. This article focuses on different aspects of measures we should take for the benefits of disabled. And since they are less likely to be in work due to their disability, their poverty rate is about twice as high from other people. But now with the help of assistive technology, disabled people can do things that would have never been possible before. And technologies that could help disabled people contribute more at workplace are higher in demand than ever. This article discusses how we are considering the need to serve disabled people more seriously in every way. There are various types of disability and different types of models as how our society perceives it. And for every type of disability there are different ways to communicate effectively. So here we discuss how we can consider the special requirements for planning of public buildings meant for use of physically challenged. Findings from several studies are also briefly reviewed here. The purpose of this article is to document different aspect of disability and the method we can adopt to make their life easy.

Service availability in wireless networks is highly dependent on efficient resource allocation and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) amid overloads and failures. This addresses optimal bandwidth allocation in a hybrid network (cellular and ad hoc), where added reach through an ad hoc overlay is combined with the stability and essential services of a cellular network. The paper builds on a near optimal approach in which Resource-Utility functions are used as a means of adaptive delivery of QoS, user differentiation, and maximisation of system level utility. It distinguishes between non-adaptive, semi-adaptive, and fully adaptive applications. First, the global cellular bandwidth allocation (in the presence of multiple routes through ad hoc relays) is cast in terms of a Linear Programming problem. Second, a heuristic algorithm that has far lower computational overhead and accrues at worse 12% less than the utility of the optimal solution is presented. Both algorithms are implemented within a model of a hybrid network on top of the JSim simulation environment. Comparative studies are made to show effective load balancing and crash tolerance in the presence of a high traffic overload. Our work is diverse from previous mechanism in to facilitate we present topical advances and open inspect directions on applying cognitive radio in vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs) focusing on architecture, machine knowledge, support, reprogram ability, and spectrum supervision as well as QoE optimization for infotainment applications.

That have defined the way Information Technology based services can be presented. It has transformed the model of storing and managing data for scalable, real time, internet based applications and resources satisfying end users' needs. Additional and new remote crowd equipment is built for obscure services causing extra power dissipation and energy consumption. Over the decades, power consumption has become an important cost factor for computing resources. Here will consider all achievable areas in a characteristic cloud communications that are responsible for considerable capacity of energy consumption and we will address the methodologies by which power utilization can be decreased without compromising Quality of Services (QoS) and overall performance. We also plan to define the scope for further extension of research from the findings. The simulations and statistical results prove that our proposed cross-layer resource allocation can powerfully maintain diverse QoS requirements over wireless relay networks. The scheduling algorithm at the medium access control (MAC) layer for multiple connections with diverse QoS requirements, where each connection employs adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme at the physical (PHY) layer over wireless fading channels. Each connection is assigned a priority, which is updated dynamically based on its channel and service status; the connection with the highest priority is scheduled each time. The wireless bandwidth efficiently, and enjoys flexibility, scalability, and low implementation complexity.

,ABSTRACT-Soil Erosion is one of the biggest ecological problems in and around the world. In the present study, GIS based study is used to assessment of soil erosion using USLE (Universal soil loss equation) method. The method is applied to Wyra reservoir catchment area for the assessment of soil loss. Using GIS techniques created R-factor, K Factor, LS factor, C factor, P factor maps. Using GIS software tools, Raster calculator in spatial analyst used to generated Soil erosion map of the study area. The results showed that, 0-5 t/ha/year is 480.42 square kilometers, 5-10 t/ha/year is 13.41 sq kms and greater than 10 is found to be 29.36 sq kms. Most of the reservoir catchment area is found to be slight to moderate erosion. In this context the catchment area is required some of the conservation structures. The GIS software and remote sensing tools are proved that accurately assessed the soil erosion of the wyra catchment area.

In our mother India, women are respected in principle but not in practice. It is an irony that today's modern society is not safe for women. Reports of molestation, harassment, rape and murder are abundant. This terrible problem needs to be addressed. Every parent of a girl child is worried about his/her daughter's safety every second she steps out her home. This work provides a smart wearable device using Internet of Things to protect and safeguard women from danger. 'The Smart Guard' comprises of a watch and a mobile application. A pulse sensor in the watch continuously monitors the pulse of the user. If it exceeds a certain limit (customized for the user), it automatically activates the mobile application and a camera (present in the watch). The camera records video & audio and sends to the user's mobile phone through Bluetooth every five seconds. The video clips are stored in Google Drive which can be retrieved even if the mobile phone is lost/damaged. Simultaneously, the mobile application sends the current location to the desired contacts and also starts the siren (in mobile). Further, the smart guard has a provision of pepper spray as a self-defense weapon to escape from the situation. This smart guard is first of its kind, automatically acting at emergency without any need of manual pressing of any button.

Mobile networks are in front of strict traffic overloads suitable to the propagation of tidy handheld devices and transfer ravenous applications. This tries to offload the cellular network traffic through Opportunistic Communications and Social Participation formed by the short-range communication technologies in the smart phones (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth). We plan an improved Greedy algorithm used for object locate choice Problem. Our design enables to select the most active, fixed located and having more energy mobile nodes into the Target-set, which affect the more number of infected users. Our simulation grades demonstrate to facilitate quantity of node enclosed by improved Greedy algorithm is 89% and Greedy algorithm is 76%. We are able to achieve the rate of success information delivery over the networks in improved Greedy and Greedy algorithms are 71% and 53% respectively. The simulations and numerical results verify that our proposed cross-layer resource allocation can efficiently support diverse QoS requirements over wireless relay networks.the scheduling algorithm at the medium access control (MAC) layer for multiple connections with diverse QoS requirements.

Observers opine that humanity, after experiencing economic revolutions, agricultural, industrial, and informatics - is now on the threshold of a fourth one This will make environmental performance and sustainability basic requisites to industrial growth and competitiveness., From now on so the argument goes, the key word will be Conserve, reduce, and recycle. More and more of focus will shift to technologies on clean production processes, energy efficiency, co-generation pollution prevention measures advanced robotics, zero emissions from vehicles material recycling alternative fuels and materials Urban Infrastructure represents a typical area of this focus In Indian context, both existing towns and new urban dwellings/cities will experience these change Huge investments are required to construct a dumping system though some flexibility in their design can save on costs A modern centralized system covering collection evacuation or transportation and treatment of solid waste requires several inputs field investigations, preliminary testing, criteria for designs, master Planning and implementation plans The system uses vehicle as transportation medium.
Gradually improve products and services with respect to their environment impacts taking into consideration their entire life span The approach adopted covers Flux management approach that includes minimization of material flux, recovery of valuable materials and returning them into the material cycle. Composed manure is treated as Natural good, economic and social and is yet not recognized as a product However to meet the quality requirements of customers, waste has to be treated and recycled. Waste water treatment and reclamation goes through the same linear production sequence usage and wastage and treatment Solid waste treatment processes must therefore be reviewed for optimization and reduction in costs in conveyance and treatment.

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is of great concern for municipalities in the Bhopal especially after the transpired environmental problems of the low cost malpractices related to the existing dumps that pollute the environment. Cost studies have played an important role in evaluating waste disposal methods and advocating one option over another. This paper aims at quantifying the benefits and costs of the solid waste management options in Bhopal City in order to help future policy decisions, evaluating the existing SWM system and estimating the least cost option for managing solid waste in the City.

In the present Scientific, Technological scenario the use of Microstrip Antenna has raised tremendously because of its versatile features. So far as this paper is concerned, this paper presents a comparative study of a rectangular Microstrip patch antenna at Gigahertz (GHz) frequency using non contacting microstrip feed lines of length 14.5 mm and feed line of contacting length with superstrate. This means we created capacitive coupling between patch and feed line in the first case and in the later case Patch and Feed Line is connected well together. The results presented here are obtained using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 11.0 software which is based on full wave finite element method. In this designing a superstrate of thickness 5mm is also introduced to get the more precise results. Here it is very important to mention that the best performance of antenna i.e., below -10dB that we achieved in both Contacting and Non-Contacting cases, Bandwidth of 8% is obtained in contacting case and bandwidth of 6.4% is obtained when capacitive coupling is created between Patch and Feed Line. As a matter of course, we obtained resonance frequency of 17.2 GHz at solution frequency of 17.8 GHz.