Dioneia Cesar

Introducao: A mastite bovina e uma das principais doencas que provoca grande perda economica na cadeia produtiva do leite, alem de problemas de bem estar animal. E importante encontrarmos alternativas a antibioticoterapia para o controle de doencas bacterianas em producao animal. O uso exacerbado e indiscriminado de antibioticos convencionais podem causar inumeras adversidades como selecao artificial bacteriana e reincidencia da patologia (BARKEMA ET AL , 2015; KROMKER AND LEIMBACH, 2017). Uma alternativa e a utilizacao de bacterias que podem combater tais doencas, minimizando os impactos ou ate mesmo sem prejudicar em outros aspectos a saude dos animais alvo e a cadeia produtiva envolvida. Objetivos: O principal objetivo foi identificar as principais bacterias candidatas a probioticos controladores de patogenos de mastite bovina, considerando os testes in vitro ja realizados previamente. Material e metodos: Isolados bacterianos (26) que apresentaram resultados satisfatorios nos testes in vitro contra Staphylococcus aureus causadores de mastite bovina foram identificados molecularmente. Para isso, o DNA dos isolados foi extraido usando kit comercial de acordo com as instrucoes do fabricante. Os fragmentos de DNA foram sequenciados em Sequenciador Automatico utilizando iniciadores complementares ao DNA plasmidial. A identificacao das sequencias validas foram comparadas as sequencias depositadas no banco de dado publico. Resultados e Discussao: Dentre os 26 isolados sequenciados, 18 foram identificados como do genero  Bacillus , dois do genero Staphylococcus , um do genero Acinetobacter , um do genero Enterococcus , um do genero Pseudomonas , um do genero Exiguobacterium , um do genero Lysinibacillus e um da especie Escherichia coli . Como ja observado em outros trabalhos, bacterias do genero Bacillus demonstra ser um grande aliado ao combate das patogenias (DEL’DUCA et al., 2013). E importante destacar que apesar dos resultados mostrarem eficiencia de  Bacillus spp . como probioticos, esse mesmo genero tem prescedentes de agir como patogenos, como por exemplo no leite. Da mesma forma,  Acinetobacter , E . coli , Enterococcus , Pseudomonas e Staphylococcus sao bacterias conhecidas por causarem doencas em animais, incluindo seres humanos (BEIMS et al., 2016; HUERTA et al., 2017). No entanto, em nosso estudo, mostramos o potencial destas bacterias em controlar bacterias causadoras de mastite. A manipulacao destas bacterias como probioticas exigira um aprofundamento sobre como podera se dar sua utilizacao. Conclusao: Observamos que as bacterias estudadas tem grande potencial sobre as patogenicas da mastite, apesar de serem comumente descritas como causadoras de outras doencas. Estas bacterias devem ser estudadas afim de identificar substâncias antagonistas naturais sintetizadas. Deste modo, poderemos propor a utilizacao da substância isolada sem o uso das celulas vivas. Palavras-chave: Bacillus , Staphylococcus , probiotico Referencias bibliograficas: BARKEMA, H., VON KEYSERLINGK, M., KASTELIC, J., LAM, T., LUBY, C., ROY, J.-P. (2015). Invited review: changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare. Journal of Dairy Science , 98: 7426-7445. BEIMS, H., OVERMANN, A., FULDE, M., STEINERT, M., BERGMANN, S. (2016). Isolation of Staphylococcus sciuri from horse skin infection. Open Veterinary Journal , 6: 242. DEL'DUCA, A., CESAR, D., DINIZ, C., ABREU, P. (2013). Evaluation of the presence and efficiency of potential probiotic bacteria in the gut of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) using thefluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Aquaculture , 388–391: 115–121. HUERTA, B., BARRERO-DOMINGUEZ, B., GALAN-RELANO, A., TARRADAS, C., MALDONADO, A., LUQUE, I.(2016). Essential oils in the control of infections by Staphylococcus xylosus in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science , 38: 19–23. KROMKER, V., LEIMBACH, S. (2017). Mastitis treatment - reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestics Animals , 52: 21-29. Introducao: A mastite bovina e uma das principais doencas que provoca grande perda economica na cadeia produtiva do leite, alem de problemas de bem estar animal. E importante encontrarmos alternativas a antibioticoterapia para o controle de doencas bacterianas em producao animal. O uso exacerbado e indiscriminado de antibioticos convencionais podem causar inumeras adversidades como selecao artificial bacteriana e reincidencia da patologia (BARKEMA ET AL , 2015; KROMKER AND LEIMBACH, 2017). Uma alternativa e a utilizacao de bacterias que podem combater tais doencas, minimizando os impactos ou ate mesmo sem prejudicar em outros aspectos a saude dos animais alvo e a cadeia produtiva envolvida. Objetivos: O principal objetivo foi identificar as principais bacterias candidatas a probioticos controladores de patogenos de mastite bovina, considerando os testes in vitro ja realizados previamente. Material e metodos: Isolados bacterianos (26) que apresentaram resultados…

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a beverage containing ora-pro-nobis (OPN) flour on intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anthropometric parameters in women. METHODS This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial included 24 women volunteers. For 6 wk, the test group received a beverage supplemented with OPN, and the control group received the same beverage without OPN. Fecal microbiota were evaluated by the fluorescence in situ hybridization method. Each participant responded to a questionnaire based on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by Student's t test to compare the effects between treatments (P < 0.05). RESULTS Supplementation with the OPN beverage reduced weight (P = 0.008), waist circumference (P = 0.010), and body fat (P = 0.000). Additionally, the treatment increased satiety (P = 0.039), reduced eructation (P = 0.038) and constipation (P = 0.017), and improved feces consistency (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION The OPN flour beverage has an effect on weight reduction, body fat composition, and improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms. These results highlight the beneficial effects of ora-pro-nobis flour beverage against the development of obesity.

Abstract In this study, the minimum sludge age required to allow nitrification in an activated sludge-based reactor was assessed. For this purpose, the sludge retention time (SRT) was gradually decreased and the organic matter and nitrogen conversions were monitored (1st stage). Once the critical SRT for nitrification was reached, the reactor was upgraded to a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) by the gradual addition of carrier media (2nd stage). The results showed that, for SRTs lower than 2.5 d, a reduction in ammonium removal was observed. Moreover, nitrite accumulation resulting from partial nitrification due to selective nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) washout began at SRT of 1.5 d and reached its peak at 0.5 d, accounting for almost the entire oxidized nitrogen forms (NOx-). When the SRT was reduced to 0.2 d, nitrification was suppressed and both ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB were no longer detected. By upgrading the bioreactor to support biofilm growth (2nd Stage), nitrifying activity was gradually recovered. The biofilm was found to play a major role in nitrification, as it predominated over the suspended solids at higher media filling fractions. Despite boosting nitrification, full ammonium removal was no longer achieved, suggesting an irreversible effect of the selective washout of nitrifiers within the 1st stage. A maximum ammonium removal rate of 0.18 kg N/(m3.d) was observed at 50% filling ratio at an applied rate of 0.27 kg N/(m3.d).

Introducao: Rejeito mineral e o que sobra do processo de beneficiamento de minerios, ou seja, o rejeito e um conjunto de minerais sem interesse. Os rejeitos nao tratados normalmente sao depositados em barragens de contensao. Na cidade de Mariana (MG), em 2015, ocorreu rompimento de uma barragem de contensao. O vazamento pode causar alteracoes no solo e na agua, alem de afetar direta ou indiretamente comunidades vegetais, animais e microbianas (BRASIL, 2015). As comunidades microbianas atuam nos processos de decomposicao da materia orgânica, participando diretamente no ciclo biogeoquimico dos nutrientes e, consequentemente, regulando a sua disponibilidade no ambiente (ROUSK; BENGTSON, 2014). Desta forma, e importante avaliar o impacto dos rejeitos sobre a comunidade bacteriana de locais que sofreram alteracoes com o vazamento de barragens de contensao de rejeitos. Objetivo: Quantificar e identificar bacterias de solos e da rizosfera de bambu de areas afetadas pelo rejeito em uma fazenda na cidade de Barra Longa (MG), regiao atingida pelos rejeitos de minerios da Barragem do Fundao (Mariana, MG). Material e metodos: Dez amostras de solos rizosfericos e dez amostras das raizes de bambu foram coletadas em uma fazenda experimental na cidade de Barra Longa (MG) no mes de marco de 2019, em duas regioes distintas. Estas duas regioes se encontravam proximas a um rio que foi atingido pelos rejeitos minerais vazados da barragem em 2015. Cinco pontos foram coletados na margem do rio atingido (maior concentracao de rejeito) e outros cinco pontos no barranco proximo ao rio (menor concentracao do rejeito). Em laboratorio, 1g de cada amostra foi diluido de forma seriada em salina esteril e 100 mL da diluicao escolhida foram semeados em placas de Agar Nutriente (AN) em triplicata. Posteriormente, as placas foram incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Apos o periodo de incubacao, as colonias foram contadas e identificadas morfologicamente. Resultados e Discussao: Os valores de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) no solo variaram entre 4,1 e 6,2 x 10 6 (media 4,4±1,5 x 10 6 ) na Margem e entre 1,6 e 6,4 x 10 6 (media 3,5±1,9 x 10 6 ) no Barranco. Ja os valores de UFC na raiz do bambu variaram entre 0,6 e 25,0 x 10 8 (media 7,9±10,2 x 10 8 ) na Margem e entre 1,0 e 13,0 x 10 8 (media 7,0±4,3 x 10 8 ) no Barranco. Considerando as medias e desvios destes valores observados, percebemos caracteristicas distintas dos locais amostrados dentro de cada ambiente, nao podendo ser este parâmetro um bom indicador de maior ou menos impacto por rejeitos minerais no solo desta regiao. Em relacao ao numero do morfotipos observados, encontramos 37 morfotipos no solo e 30 na raiz da Margem; 47 morfotipos no solo e 21 na raiz do Barranco. Neste caso, observamos um maior numero de morfotipos bacterianos no solos afetados, quando comparamos as raizes do bambu. Podemos perceber entao que a maior densidade de bacterias foi encontrada nas raizes, mas a maior riqueza de morfotipos bacterianos foi encontrada nas raizes do bambu destes ambientes. Isso pode indicar que o solo afetado estaria funcionando como um tipo de estoque para diferentes tipos de micro-organismos, enquanto as raizes disponibilizariam condicoes mais favoraveis para a estabilizacao das bacterias de um numero menor de morfotipos bacterianos (PATERSON et al., 2007). Conclusao: Observamos que, independentemente do local, ha uma maior riqueza de morfotipos no solo, quando comparada a raiz do bambu. Palavras-chave: Rejeito, mineracao, bacterias rizosfericas Referencias bibliograficas: BRASIL. Laudo Tecnico Preliminar : Impactos ambientais decorrentes do desastre envolvendo o rompimento da barragem de Fundao, em Mariana, Minas Gerais. PATERSON, E.; GEBBING, T.; ABEL, C.; SIM, A.; TELFER, G. Rhizodeposition shapes rhizosphere microbial community structure in organic soil. New Phytol, v.173, p. 600–610, 2007. ROUSK, J.; BENGTSON, P. Microbial regulation of global biogeochemical cycles. Frontiers in Microbiology , v. 5, p. 305–307, 2014. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00103.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR SARS-COV-2: A CRITICAL REFLECTION. The new coronavirus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered in late December 2019 after cases were reported in the city of Wuhan, China. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which has an official record of around 500 million cases and more than 6.0 million deaths in worldwide. An important factor in controlling the pandemic is the development of more effective and efficient diagnostic tests. In this context, this review has as its main proposal to discuss the effective differences between the possible diagnostic tests, the implications of molecular and serological methods available on the market and the analytical and clinical parameters involved in the development and application of these methods.

O estuario do rio Coreau possui uma das margens tangenciando a area urbana de Camocim, enquanto a outra tangencia a APA das Dunas da Ilha da Testa Branca. Com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos das atividades antropicas na margem urbanizada, este trabalho analisou parâmetros fisico-quimicos e microbiologicos em ambas as margens. Analises de pH, temperatura, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido e DBO5 foram realizadas na agua. Amostras do sedimento foram utilizadas para quantificacao de materia orgânica e de bacterias heterotroficas, enumeracao de coliformes, quantificacao de celulas procarioticas e de bacterias patogenicas. Nao houve diferenca significativa para os parâmetros fisico-quimicos, exceto para materia orgânica no sedimento, maior na margem urbanizada. A densidade de bacterias heterotroficas e de celulas procarioticas e maior na margem urbanizada. Os resultados indicaram que coliformes termotolerantes ocorrem apenas na margem urbanizada. Todos os taxa bacterianos patogenicos sao ...

Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has multifactorial etiopathogenesis, and intestinal microbiota is co-responsible in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal microbiota in NASH patients with different metabolic profiles. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven NASH were evaluated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their metabolic profile, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Their characteristics in relation to liver disease and intestinal microbiota were analyzed. To evaluate the microbiota, breath tests to investigate small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and fecal microbiota analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Results: There was a high prevalence of SIBO in both groups, with no significant difference between them. Breathing tests were positive in 43.8% of patients with MS and 50% of those without MS. There was a significant difference regarding the quantification of Verru...

Background & Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiota emerges as a therapeutic possibility to improve health. Our objective was to compare the impact of three months of intervention with diet plus nutritional orientation versus only nutritional orientation on the gut microbiota and metabolic-nutritional profile of outpatients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial with 40 outpatients (49.48 ± 10.3 years), allocated in two groups: DIET group (n=20), who received diet (1.651.34 ± 263.25 kcal; 47% carbohydrates, 28% lipids, 25% proteins, 30 g fibers) and nutritional orientation, and control group (n = 20), which received only nutritional orientation. Results: The DIET group, in relation to baseline, presented a reduction in body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.001), percentage of fat (p=0.002), serum aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (p=0.001), glyc...

ABSTRACT: Litopenaeus vannamei is the most cultured marine shrimp in all types of systems including the Bioflocs Technology System (BFT). Bioflocs are formed by microorganisms, among these, autotrophic bacteria are responsible for the nitrification process. This study aimed to identify and promote the development of nitrifying bacteria by adding artificial substrates and biofloc inoculum in L. vannamei culture in a BFT system. The experiment consisted of four treatments with three replics (4x3) as follows: (1) Control: clear water in which bioflocs were formed; (2) IN (10%): clear water with biofloc inoculum (10%); (3) IB: clear water with substrate (immature “bioballs”); and (4) MB: clear water with mature “bioballs” inoculum from a recirculation system. Treatments were stocked with shrimp juveniles (4.92±0.45 g) in 12 tanks with 200 L working volume at a stocking density of 200 shrimp/m³. Shrimps were fed twice a day with a commercial feed (38% CP) following a feeding table, and d...

Although lifestyle and physiology in obese individuals are accepted to lead to changes in the intestinal microbiota, uncertainty remains about microbiota dysbiosis, and xenobiotics intake, as a source of selective pressure, independent of antimicrobial chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genetic markers (ARG) in faecal specimens of eutrophic, overweight and obese individuals, and their correlation with xenobiotic intake and gut bacteria density. Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-controlled study including 72 adult participants with no record of intestinal or systemic diseases, or recent use of antimicrobials, grouped as eutrophic, overweight, or obese. Anthropometric profile, eating habits and oral xenobiotics intake were recorded. Faecal metagenomic DNA was used to screen for ARG by PCR, and to measure bacterial groups by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Student’s t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare me...

The microbial diversity and functioning around oceanic islands is poorly described, despite its importance for ecosystem homeostasis. Here, we aimed to verify the occurrence of microbe-driven phenanthrene co-oxidation in the seawater surrounding the Trindade Island (Brazil). We also used Next-Generation Sequencing to evaluate the effects of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on these microbial community assemblies. Microcosms containing seawater from the island enriched with either labelled (9-(14)C) or non-labelled phenanthrene together with hexadecane, weathered oil, fluoranthene or pyrene, and combinations of these compounds were incubated. Biodegradation of phenanthrene-9-(14)C was negatively affected in the presence of weathered oil and PAHs but increased in the presence of hexadecane. PAH contamination caused shifts in the seawater microbial community-from a highly diverse one dominated by Alphaproteobacteria to less diverse communities dominated by Gammapro...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by the presence of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, with or without fibrosis. The prevalence of NASH has increased with the obesity epidemic, but its etiology is multifactorial. The current studies suggest the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of NASH. The aim is to review the studies that investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and NASH. These review also discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms and the influence of diet on the gut-liver axis. The available literature has proposed mechanisms for an association between gut microbiota and NASH, such as: modification energy homeostasis, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-endotoxemia, increased endogenous production of ethanol, and alteration in the metabolism of bile acid and choline. There is evidence to suggest that NASH patients have a higher prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and changes in ...

To assess and compare dental caries experience and salivary S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and streptococci counts between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents. This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Dental caries experience was estimated by the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition and the permanent dentition. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used to identify the presence and counts of the bacteria. The statistical analysis included chi-square, Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. The G-DS exhibited a significantly higher caries-free rate (p<0.001) and a lower S. mutans salivary density (p<0.001). No significant differences were found in the salivary densities of S. sobrinus or streptococci between the groups...

This study aimed to investigate microbes involved in the nitrogen cycle and potentially pathogenic bacteria from urban and rural sites of the São Pedro stream. Water samples were collected from two sites. A seasonal survey of bacterial abundance was conducted. The dissolved nutrient content was analysed. PCR and FISH analysis were performed to identify and quantify microbes involved in the nitrogen cycle and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The seasonal survey revealed that the bacterial abundance was similar along the year on the rural area but varied on the urban site. Higher concentration of dissolved nutrients in the urban area indicated a eutrophic system. Considering the nitrifying microbes, the genus Nitrobacter was found, especially in the urban area, and may act as the principal bacteria in converting nitrite into nitrate at this site. The molecular markers napA, amoA, and nfrA were more accumulated at the urban site, justifying the higher content of nutrients metabolised b...

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify, enumerate and compare eight periodontopathogens in saliva of pregnant and non-pregnant women using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Method: This cross-sectional study included 20 consecutive pregnant women (Pr group) in their second trimester of pregnancy and 20 consecutive non-pregnant women (N-Pr group). All subjects were aged between 24 and 32 years old, had good general health and a minimum of 20 permanent teeth. Information about marital status, schooling and economic class were collected. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss and presence of calculus were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each subject. The FISH technique identified the presence and number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in ...

Studies on bacterial abundance and diversity will improve the understanding of the microbial ecology to optimize aquaculture production, water quality, disease control and environmental impact of effluents. We comparatively evaluated an aquaculture system in dry and rainy seasons by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and culture-dependent methodology. Overall, a negative correlation between seasonality in bacterial and flagellates abundance was observed. Alpha-, beta-, gamma-proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacter were observed with seasonal variation. Putative pathogenic bacteria such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, non-fermenter Gram-negative rods (Pseudomonas sp. and Burkholderia sp.), and Enterobacteriaceae were also detected in this study with significant seasonal variation. Focusing on medically important bacteria, our data show that microbial diversity in the environment associated with aquaculture, as it is practiced, may be altered in growth ponds used for fish cultivation. As an ecological consequence, potentially pathogenic bacteria might be released in high concentrations to the downstream environments posing potential threats to human and animal health.