Papers by Clyde S. Tamaru
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2001
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2016
Pacific Science, Oct 1, 2006
Understanding the reproductive characteristics of Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878), an eco... more Understanding the reproductive characteristics of Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878), an economically important polychaete worm collected for the aquarium trade, is essential to the development of artificial propagation and conservation of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether S. spectabilis is hermaphroditic. Using histological techniques, 180 individuals were examined for gametes. Gametes were present only in abdominal segments. Primary oocytes were 7-8 mm in diameter in histologically prepared sections. Sperm appeared as round black dots about 2 mm in diameter on histologically prepared slides. Most individuals sampled had only one type of gamete in the coelom, but both eggs and sperm were seen in the coelom of 15% of individuals, demonstrating the occurrence of hermaphroditism in Hawaiian populations of S. spectabilis. The sex ratio of males to females was skewed significantly toward males in both the small (6-8 mm diameter) and medium (9-10 mm diameter) sized worms. Among the largest worms (11-13 mm diameter), the sex ratio did not diverge significantly from 1 : 1. There was a significantly higher proportion of hermaphrodites (30%) in the large size class. Worms of unknown gender, although present in all size classes examined, were most frequent (33%) in the medium size class. These patterns are consistent with sequential (protandrous) hermaphroditism.
Hydrobiologia, Nov 30, 1997
The aim of this work is to control the waterenvironment for culturing larvae of the swimmingcrab,... more The aim of this work is to control the waterenvironment for culturing larvae of the swimmingcrab, Portunus trituberculatus, using microorganisms.The bacterial strain PM-4 (Thalassobacter utilis)improved the survival rate of crab larvae andrepressed the growth of Vibrio anguillarum (bacterium)and Haliphthoros sp.(fungus) in seawater. PM-4 wascultured and added daily to seawater during the firstto third zoean growth stage of the crab with diatomsand rotifers. Numbers of PM-4 decreased in culturewater during the first 3 days, because of feeding bythe first zoean stage of larvae. The finalconcentration of PM-4 was 105 to 106 cellsml-1according to the plate count method in larval rearingwater.During 1989 to 1993, we tried seed productions of aswimming crab in 200 m3 containers at TamanoStation, Japan Sea-Farming Association. In 33trials of the biocontrol methods, average survivalrate of crab larvae was 28.3% when the bacterialstrain PM-4 was added. In 42 trials in which the strainPM-4 was not added, average survival rate of crab larvae was15.6%. We conclude that thebacterial strain PM-4 is effective as a biocontrolagent.
General and Comparative Endocrinology, Oct 1, 1989
Electrophoretic analysis of proteins can be utilized to clarify the taxonomic status of species a... more Electrophoretic analysis of proteins can be utilized to clarify the taxonomic status of species as well as the evolutionary interrelationships of populations, species, and higher taxa. Electrophoretic data for over 50 gene loci in the bonefish Albula "vulpes" (Albulidae) demonstrate the existence of two discrete species in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Similar studies of lizardfishes (Synodontidae) in the genera Synodus and Saurida reveal that several unreported and/or undescribed species occur in the Hawaiian Islands. Both of these studies emphasize the power of electrophoresis in distinguishing morphologically cryptic species. The interrelationships of species and genera of lizardfishes and of goatfishes (Mullidae) were investigated by using values of genetic distance derived from protein similarities and differences. These comparisons and the analysis of the two bonefish species, provide additional examples of the basic independence of the rates of biochemical and morphological evolution.
General and Comparative Endocrinology
As the world’s marine fisheries resources are under enormous pressure, now is a crucial time to e... more As the world’s marine fisheries resources are under enormous pressure, now is a crucial time to educate the next generation on the biology of fisheries as well as on overfishing, its consequences, and possible mitigations. One way to alleviate fishing pressure on wild stocks is by means of sustainable aquaculture. At the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, we teach a hands-on, inquiry-based high school lab on the topic of larval development and applications to marine fish aquaculture, where we have access to captive broodstock of the pink snapper, Pristipomoides filamentosus. During this lab we follow several steps scientists take to study aquaculture: collecting spawn from outdoor fish pens, quantifying the number of eggs, determining the percentage of fertilization, and estimating the time of spawning and hatching. Additionally, we perform hypothesis-driven science activities with the embryos to test the effects of water quality on their development and survival. In this paper we...
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Papers by Clyde S. Tamaru