Failure by delamination is one of the primary concerns in laminated composites. The development and progression of the delamination results in the degradation of composite stiffness affecting its structural integrity and may ultimately... more
Failure by delamination is one of the primary concerns in laminated composites. The development and progression of the delamination results in the degradation of composite stiffness affecting its structural integrity and may ultimately result in composite structure failure. Therefore, knowledge of the evolution of delamination resistance and the factors which affect the delamination in composites is of utmost importance for the selection of materials. This study investigates the effect of fiber hybridization and post‐curing on mode‐II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) of Glass/Carbon/Epoxy (GCE) composites. Carbon/Epoxy (CE), Glass/Epoxy (GE), and GCE composite laminates were molded employing the process of hand layup technique and post‐cured at different temperatures. GE laminates exhibited a superior load for delamination and deformation compared to CE and GCE laminates. The hybrid GCE laminates exhibited higher interlaminar fracture toughness compared to non‐hybrid GE and CE...
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The present study aims to optimize the compressive properties of porous aluminum composites fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) space holder technique. These properties were optimized by taking into consideration different... more
The present study aims to optimize the compressive properties of porous aluminum composites fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) space holder technique. These properties were optimized by taking into consideration different processing factors such as sintering temperature, compaction pressure, and sintering time. The experimental design was formulated using L9 orthogonal array by employing these three parameters at three levels. The density, porosity, plateau stress, and energy absorption capacity were determined and analyzed. The impact of individual input parameters was evaluated using the Taguchi-based S/N ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main effect plots outlined the optimum parameter levels to achieve maximum values for compressive properties (plateau stress and energy absorption capacity). The results revealed that the sintering temperature and time significantly impact compressive properties. The ANOVA analysis exhibited similar results, with maximum contri...
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Abstract Porous aluminum (Al) composites are lightweight and high-strength materials composing of Al as a matrix material with some strengthening reinforcements and pore-forming agents that result in the formation of new material with... more
Abstract Porous aluminum (Al) composites are lightweight and high-strength materials composing of Al as a matrix material with some strengthening reinforcements and pore-forming agents that result in the formation of new material with superior physical properties and energy absorption capacities. This work gives an overview of the porous Al-foams developed thus far, including the foaming agents and space holders, their properties, production techniques, and applications. First, it deliberates the foaming agents and space holders responsible for the foaming and formation of pores in the composites followed by the mechanical properties of the foams. Al has huge potential for applications that require lightweight, high-strength, and high-energy absorption capacity materials, especially in structural construction and automobile manufacturing. Although Al-foams have been successfully used in automobiles for crashworthiness, lightweight structure, and other functional applications, the development of Al foams with enhanced characteristics and properties has limitations. This review discusses various reinforcements used for improving the characteristics of Al-foams. This review also provides an overview of various commercial foams and their contribution to several applications. Finally, it attempts to reveal impediments in foam production with suggested solutions for overcoming the problems in this area.
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In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in sensors and actuators for industrial use. Because of their excellent... more
In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in sensors and actuators for industrial use. Because of their excellent mechanical-to-electrical and vice versa energy conversion properties, piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric charge and voltage coefficient have been tested in renewable energy applications. The fundamental component of the energy harvester is the piezoelectric material, which, when subjected to mechanical vibrations or applied stress, induces the displaced ions in the material and results in a net electric charge due to the dipole moment of the unit cell. This phenomenon builds an electric potential across the material. In this review article, a detailed study focused on the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH’s) is reported. In addition, the fundamental idea about piezoelectric materials, along with their modeling for various applications, ar...
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In this study, Cu-5wt.%Ni and Cu-10wt.%Ni two metal matrix of copper having 5%,10% of Ni, reinforced with divergent percentages of titanium carbide (0, 3, 6, and 9wt.%) were synthesized with the help of high-energy ball milling,... more
In this study, Cu-5wt.%Ni and Cu-10wt.%Ni two metal matrix of copper having 5%,10% of Ni, reinforced with divergent percentages of titanium carbide (0, 3, 6, and 9wt.%) were synthesized with the help of high-energy ball milling, compaction, sintering. The coefficient friction and wear characteristic were examined at various normal loads of 30N, 60N, 90N, and 120 N, at fixed sliding speed of 0.25 m/s against a harder counter face made of steel, EN8 (HRC 46 - 48) ball under boundary lubrication using a ball-on-disk test equipment. The Cu10wt.%Ni-3TiC composite has a higher value of micro-hardness of 117(HV) and sintered density of 8.036gm/cm3 at 3wt% of TiC. The wear rate and coefficient of friction have been elaborated on the basis of micro-hardness and presence of nano MoS2 in lubricant. At 3wt% TiC in metal matrix have optimum performance of friction and wear caused. The wear mechanism of the Cu5Ni and Cu10Ni metal matrix was a combination of adhesive and oxidative wear and composi...
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Recent advances in aircraft materials and their manufacturing technologies have enabled progressive growth in innovative materials such as composites. Al-based, Mg-based, Ti-based alloys, ceramic-based, and polymer-based composites have... more
Recent advances in aircraft materials and their manufacturing technologies have enabled progressive growth in innovative materials such as composites. Al-based, Mg-based, Ti-based alloys, ceramic-based, and polymer-based composites have been developed for the aerospace industry with outstanding properties. However, these materials still have some limitations such as insufficient mechanical properties, stress corrosion cracking, fretting wear, and corrosion. Subsequently, extensive studies have been conducted to develop aerospace materials that possess superior mechanical performance and are corrosion-resistant. Such materials can improve the performance as well as the life cycle cost. This review introduces the recent advancements in the development of composites for aircraft applications. Then it focuses on the studies conducted on composite materials developed for aircraft structures, followed by various fabrication techniques and then their applications in the aircraft industry. ...
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The novelty of this invention is to use eco-SiC from agricultural waste rice husk as reinforcement for sustainable composite materials development with the aim to reduce weight, enhance energy efficiency and save fuel consumption of... more
The novelty of this invention is to use eco-SiC from agricultural waste rice husk as reinforcement for sustainable composite materials development with the aim to reduce weight, enhance energy efficiency and save fuel consumption of motorbike. Developed by simple and cost effective green production technique of powder metallurgy, reducing hazardous CO2 gas compared to cast iron casting production.
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The objective of this chapter is to highlight the food packaging requirement and their evaluation to meet the demands of safer and shelf life enhancing packaging's and coatings. Food packaging aims to make food handling convenient and... more
The objective of this chapter is to highlight the food packaging requirement and their evaluation to meet the demands of safer and shelf life enhancing packaging's and coatings. Food packaging aims to make food handling convenient and improve the shelf life of food, which is a significant requirement for safer transportation and storage of food. With the growing pace of technology new packaging materials with improved benefits have emerged. Numerous packaging materials have been used in the past like packages and containers made of aluminum, tin, paper, plastics etc., serving the purpose efficiently however their weight and disposal remains the issue. Most of these materials being non-biodegradable and are threat to environment. Thus, this chapter aims at discussing the biodegradable packaging's and coatings. It presents the information about the types of coating material and also the applications including effects of coatings, their biodegradability, measurement of their sa...
With the breadth of applications and analysis performed over the last few decades, it would not be an exaggeration to call piezoelectric materials “the top of the crop” of smart materials. Piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most... more
With the breadth of applications and analysis performed over the last few decades, it would not be an exaggeration to call piezoelectric materials “the top of the crop” of smart materials. Piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most researched materials for practical applications among the numerous smart materials. They owe it to a few main reasons, including low cost, high bandwidth of service, availability in a variety of formats, and ease of handling and execution. Several authors have used piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators to effectively control structural vibrations, noise, and active control, as well as for structural health monitoring, over the last three decades. These studies cover a wide range of engineering disciplines, from vast space systems to aerospace, automotive, civil, and biomedical engineering. Therefore, in this review, a study has been reported on piezoelectric materials and their advantages in engineering fields with fundamental modeling an...
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In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in sensors and actuators for industrial use. Because of their excellent... more
In the last three decades, smart materials have become popular. The piezoelectric materials have shown key characteristics for engineering applications, such as in sensors and actuators for industrial use. Because of their excellent mechanical-to-electrical and vice versa energy conversion properties, piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric charge and voltage coefficient have been tested in renewable energy applications. The fundamental component of the energy harvester is the piezoelectric material, which, when subjected to mechanical vibrations or applied stress, induces the displaced ions in the material and results in a net electric charge due to the dipole moment of the unit cell. This phenomenon builds an electric potential across the material. In this review article, a detailed study focused on the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH’s) is reported. In addition, the fundamental idea about piezoelectric materials, along with their modeling for various applications, ar...
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The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then... more
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile str...
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Realizing the need for conservation of environment due to contamination caused as a result of disposal of non-biodegradable waste. It has compelled researchers to search a new green material as a substitute to these toxic materials. The... more
Realizing the need for conservation of environment due to contamination caused as a result of disposal of non-biodegradable waste. It has compelled researchers to search a new green material as a substitute to these toxic materials. The present research work focused on particularly the effective usage of Cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) extracted from bamboo fibers as reinforcement in PLA/PBS polymeric blend. Polymer blend composites were fabricated using the hot-pressing technique with varying CNC contents. The morphological and mechanical properties of the composite samples with varying CNC contents were investigated. The results revealed that there was a positive effect of incorporation of CNC (extracted from bamboo fibers) on the properties of the polymer matrix.
The tenacious thirst for fuel-saving and desirable physical and mechanical properties of the materials have compelled researchers to focus on a new generation of aluminum hybrid composites for automotive and aircraft applications. This... more
The tenacious thirst for fuel-saving and desirable physical and mechanical properties of the materials have compelled researchers to focus on a new generation of aluminum hybrid composites for automotive and aircraft applications. This work investigates the microhardness behavior and microstructural characterization of aluminum alloy (Al 7075)-titanium carbide (TiC)-graphite (Gr) hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were prepared via the powder metallurgy technique with the amounts of TiC (0, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%), reinforced to Al 7075 + 1 wt.% Gr. The microstructural characteristics were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping. A Box Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology (RSM) approach was utilized for modeling and optimization of density and microhardness independent parameters and to develop an empirical model of density and microhardness in terms ...
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The present study aims to develop a biodegradable polymer blend that is environmentally friendly and has comparable tensile and thermal properties with synthetic plastics. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from... more
The present study aims to develop a biodegradable polymer blend that is environmentally friendly and has comparable tensile and thermal properties with synthetic plastics. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from bamboo-chips-reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blend composites were fabricated by melt-mixing at 180 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and MCC (0.5, 1, 1.5 wt%) were added to improve the brittle nature of PLA. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), and universal testing machine were used to analyze morphology, crystallinity, physiochemical, thermal, and tensile properties, respectively. The thermal stability of the PLA-PBS blends enhanced on addition of MCC up to 1wt % due to t...
