- Srpanjska 10, Zagreb, Croatia
- 38598561891
Marko Dizdar
Institute of Archaeology, Zagreb, Croatia, Iron Age, Faculty Member
- prehistoric archaeology of Bronze and Early Iron Age, Bronze and Iron Age Archaeology, Romanisation, Urnfield Culture, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, and 111 moreEarly Iron Age, Middle Bronze Age, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ancient Glass, Ancient Medicine, Roman Medicine, Roman military archaeology, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Oppida, Roman Bronze Vessels, Balkan archaeology, Celtic numismatics, Roman Small Finds, Pre-Roman Iron Age, Depotfunde der Bronzezeit, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Archaeology of death and burial, Archaeology, Late Bronze Age, La Tene culture, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Roman military equipment, Celtic Weapons, Textile Archaeology, La Tène bracelets, Gallo-roman sanctuaries, Prehistoric Archaeobotany, Bronze Age of the Carpathian Basin, Strontium Isotope Analysis, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Romanization, Instrumentum domesticum, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Celtic Sanctuaries, Conflict Archaeology, Roman Brooches, Etruscan Archaeology, Gender Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Iron Age, Bronze Age metal hoards, Sanctuaires Celtiques Et Gallo-Romains, Archaeometallurgy, Thracian Archaeology, Hallstattzeit, Roman militaria, Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Frattesina, Archaeology of Ritual, Childhood studies, Sociology of Children and Childhood, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Gender, Hoards, Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Roman Archaeology, Glass Beads, Anthropology, Roman Medicine and Surgical Tools, Roman Fibula, Glass Beads and Amber in Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Roman bone artefacts, Roman Bone Work, Cremation, Fibules Gallo-Romaines, Costume and Identity, Basarabi phenomenom, Prehistoric Textiles, Dyeing, Weaving, Typology of Roman fibulas (brooches; fibulae), Scythian archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic Studies, Hallstatt, Illyrian Archaeology, Bronze Age Archaeology, Bronze Age, Prehistoric Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Roman Army, Roman arms and armour, Roman Limes, Danubian Provinces of the Roman Empire, Canabae legionis, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Late La Tène Period, Fibulae, La Tène, Horses, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Greek Weaponry and Warfare, Ancient Greek Weapons and Armour, Burial Customs, Infant burial (Archaeology), Archaeology of Childhood, Przeworsk culture, Horses in Prehistory, Social Archaeology, Burial Practices (Archaeology), Rites of Passage, Vekerzug Culture, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Archaeology of Adriatic Area, Ancient Illyricum, Albanian archaeology, Âge Du Fer, Biba Teržan, and Protohistoryedit
- Dr Marko Dizdar was born in Vinkovci in 1971. He graduated from the Department of Archaeology at the Faculty of Human... moreDr Marko Dizdar was born in Vinkovci in 1971. He graduated from the Department of Archaeology at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb in 1996. He received his Master's degree in Archaeology from the Department of Archaeology at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb in 2000 and his PhD in Archaeology from the same Department in 2004.He worked at the Vinkovci Municipal Museum as a curator in the Archaeology Department from 1997 to 2000. He joined the Institute of Archaeology in 2000 and in 2010 he was appointed to the academic title of senior research associate. He led the research project ''Development and mobility of the protohistoric communities settled on the territory of continental Croatia'' from 2007 to 2013. From 2000 to 2006 he was an associate on the research project “The Prehistoric Identity of Northern Croatia“ led by Dr. Kornelija Minichreiter. From 2007 to 2013 he was an associate on the research project “Bronze Age and Iron Age elites on the territory of Croatia“, led by Prof. Hrvoje Potrebica.He has been managing the investigations of the La Tène and Bijelo Brdo culture cemeteries in Zvonimirovo since 2006. He managed the investigations of the sites: Virovitica-Kiškorija North, Gornji Vukojevac, Poljana Križevačka 1, Grabrić. He participated in investigations in Vinkovci, Županja, Slavonski Brod, Ilok, Sotin, Batina, Osijek and Dolina.In the academic year 2012/2013 he led a course entitled “The La Tène Culture in Northern Croatia“ in the graduate program of the Department of Archaeology at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. He participates in the work of the doctoral program in Archaeology at the Department of Archaeology of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. He was a member of the scientific committee of the conference “The Beginning of the Late Bronze Age between the Eastern Alps and the Danube“, held in Osijek in 2011 and “Late Urnfield Culture between the Eastern Alps and the Danube“, held in Zagreb in 2013.He is co-author of the exhibition “Vinkovci in the World of Archaeology“, presented in 1999 at the Vinkovci Municipal Museum. He is co-author of the exhibition “Early Urnfield Culture in Northern Croatia - New Challenges“ presented at the Archaeological Museum in Osijek in 2011. He participated in devising the exhibition “Slavonia, Baranja and Syrmia – origins of European civilization (Iron Age)“ in 2009. He participated in developing the permanent displays in Ilok, Vukovar and Vinkovci. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal “Contributions of the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb“, and has been its editor-in-chief since 2012. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal “Arheološki Vestnik“ (Ljubljana). He has been a member of the Croatian Archaeological Society since 1992 and is a member of the European Association of Archaeology.edit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A recognisable part of the Middle La Tène material legacy of the Scordisci are bronze belts of the so-called Scordiscan type, composed in different combinations of lyre-shaped and rectangular segments, with zoomorphic buckles and... more
A recognisable part of the Middle La Tène material legacy of the Scordisci are bronze belts of the so-called Scordiscan type, composed in different combinations of lyre-shaped and rectangular segments, with zoomorphic buckles and anthropomorphic pendants. They are a distinctive regional form of the female costume, which is characteristic for the communities settled along the Danube river that shared similar ideas about the decoration of women’s bodies. This was confirmed with finds of belts
discovered in cremation burials of women, which can be dated at the end of LT C1 and in LT C2. Regarding their shape, there are three basic variants of lyre-shaped segments, often decorated with enamel filled depressions. Belts with lyre-shaped segments of the Surčin variant, as a characteristic part of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume, were probably produced in their workshops. Bronze belts of the Scordiscan type represent some of the more recognisable manifestations of visual identity
and provide a valuable insight into the way in which Scordiscan women decorated their bodies, as well as into their public presentation.
discovered in cremation burials of women, which can be dated at the end of LT C1 and in LT C2. Regarding their shape, there are three basic variants of lyre-shaped segments, often decorated with enamel filled depressions. Belts with lyre-shaped segments of the Surčin variant, as a characteristic part of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume, were probably produced in their workshops. Bronze belts of the Scordiscan type represent some of the more recognisable manifestations of visual identity
and provide a valuable insight into the way in which Scordiscan women decorated their bodies, as well as into their public presentation.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Balkan prehistory, and 10 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Prehistory, Iron Age, Celtic Art, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, All sciences, La Tène Culture, and Late La Tène Period
The various Late La Tène items of horse equipment found at the sites of the Scordisci include trefoil-shaped terret rings made of copper alloy. Two shape types have been identified; the much more numerous type has a rounded, protruding... more
The various Late La Tène items of horse equipment found at the sites of the Scordisci include trefoil-shaped terret rings made of copper alloy. Two shape types have been identified; the much more numerous type has a rounded, protruding and decorated plate. These terret rings have parallels in the south-eastern Alpine region and at sites in Central Europe; their abundance at the sites of the Scordisci probably indicates that they were made in local workshops. Just like other Late La Tène items of horse equipment, these terrets can be associated with mounted warriors, who had the most prominent position in communities.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Archaeozoology, Celtic Archaeology, and 11 moreIron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Balkan prehistory, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Protohistory, Iron Age, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, All sciences, Horse equipment, Late La Tène Period, and Archaeology of Horse and Riders
Fibulae with a knob on a backward-bent foot, of which different variants of the Picugi type are probably best known, evolved in the eastern Adriatic and its hinterland, and the wider south- eastern Alps during the last two centuries BC. A... more
Fibulae with a knob on a backward-bent foot, of which different variants of the Picugi type are probably best known, evolved in the eastern Adriatic and its hinterland, and the wider south- eastern Alps during the last two centuries BC. A similar but distinct type of fibula named the Rakitno type has been identified based on its morphological characteristics and distribution. Fibulae of this type have mainly been recorded at sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in the Sava valley and eastern Slavonia. Similarities in the way they are decorated, with a series of knobs on the backward-bent foot, link fibulae of the Rakitno type with other contemporary forms recorded in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin (fibulae of the Jarak type) and the south-eastern Alps (fibulae of the Mihovo type), indicating that designs were exchanged and then adapted to different communities in local workshops. On the other hand, finds of fibulae of the Rakitno type at sites in eastern Slavonia attest to contacts with communities settled in the western Balkans. Despite the absence of finds from closed associations, documented comparisons allow for fibulae of the Rakitno type to be dated to the latter half of the 2nd and the early 1st centuries BC, with the assumption that this design was typical of female costume.
Research Interests:
The greatest amount of knowledge about the Late La Tène material legacy of the Scordisci in the western part of their distribution in eastern Croatia comes from numerous excavations conducted in the area of Vinkovci and its surroundings,... more
The greatest amount of knowledge about the Late La Tène material legacy of the Scordisci in the western part of their distribution in eastern Croatia comes from numerous excavations conducted in the area of Vinkovci and its surroundings, including finds of bronze bucket-shaped pendants. These pendants, previously unknown in the territory of the Scordisci, were probably worn as miniature objects on necklaces, or perhaps bracelets, together with other forms of pendants and beads; in addition to their decorative role, they had a certain symbolic meaning. The most similar pendants were found at sites in Central and Western Europe in different and heterogeneous cultural environments, while Eastern European sites contained bucket-shaped pendants of slightly different forms. Bucket-shaped pendants probably imitate functional objects from real life and contained some organic substances, which is why they served as amulets with an apotropaic function to protect or heal those who wore them. The finds of these pendants from burials show how they were carried by children and women, and their wearing reflects different aspects of social identities and has a distinctive gender and age meaning. Also, the analysis of the Late La Tène bronze bucket-shaped pendants discovered at the sites in the Vinkovci area recognizes the dynamic cultural contacts of the Scordisci with neighbouring and remote areas, and especially with Central Europe.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), and 9 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic religion, Iron Age, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, All sciences, Late Iron Age Gaul, and Late La Tène Period
Astragal belts represent a recognizable item of women's costume in the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin during six centuries, from the beginning of the 6th to the end of the 1st cent. BC. Considering this is an extremely long... more
Astragal belts represent a recognizable item of women's costume in the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin during six centuries, from the beginning of the 6th to the end of the 1st cent. BC. Considering this is an extremely long period of their production, changes in the shapes of buckles and segments are noticeable, on the basis of which it is possible to single out recognizable forms for the Late Hallstatt or La Tène period. Previous analyzes of the oldest forms of segments from sites in Syrmia and Eastern Slavonia show that the idea of the origin of the astragal belts is located in the areas of the Central and Western Balkans, from where at the beginning of the 6th cent. BC through cultural transfer and/or mobility of women reached the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin. However, in the mentioned area already during the 6th cent. BC the production of astragal belts begins and soon the original shape with characteristic three-loop buckles — Nikinci type — is created, which will be maintained until the beginning of the Late Iron Age (LT B2). At the beginning of the Middle La Tène (LT C1) there was a change in the shape of the buckles which have a bell-shaped loop. During the Late La Tène (LT D) a number of different shapes of buckles and segments appeared which are now found outside the area of creation of the astragal belts. Since the astragal belts were composed of a large number of segments, their production required significant quantities of copper and tin, which meant organized supply networks of raw materials. Undertaking the XRF analysis of the metal composition of buckles and segments disovered at sites in the Vinkovci region and cemetery in Osijek, it was intended to check whether, in addition to design, there are certain technological changes during the centuries-long production of astragal belts. Also, the long tradition of production of astragal belts in the southeastern Carpathian Basin meant the presence of skilled craftsmen who passed on the acquired knowledge to future generations who then changed them and technologically improved so that astragal belts would continue to be a visually recognizable part of gender and social identity of women who wore them.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Archaeometry, Celtic Archaeology, and 14 moreGender Archaeology, Archaeometallurgy, Balkan prehistory, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Archaeometallurgical Researchs, La Tene culture, All sciences, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Iron Age Metallurgy, and All periods
Knobbed rings and armrings are among the most numerous Late La Tène forms of jewellery in the territory of the Scordisci. Even though the circumstances of discovery are unknown for most finds, the knobbed rings and armrings found in... more
Knobbed rings and armrings are among the most numerous Late La Tène forms
of jewellery in the territory of the Scordisci. Even though the circumstances of
discovery are unknown for most finds, the knobbed rings and armrings found
in the richly furnished grave 1 in the cemetery of Sotin — Zmajevac showed that
they were popular and frequently worn items of jewellery, which seems to be
confirmed by numerous finds from La Tène settlements around Vinkovci. Based
on size differences, some knobbed rings are assumed to have served as pendants, while those of larger diameter are believed to be arm jewellery. Parallels
for knobbed rings and armrings from Scordiscan sites have been found in Transylvania and central Europe, confirming the intensive cultural contacts and involvement of the Scordisci in the complex communication networks of the Late
La Tène. Among the finds from Scordiscan sites, many knobbed rings belong to
the Szárazd — Regöly type, which is characteristic for the south-eastern Carpathian Basin, but their function is still unclear. On the other hand, the presence
of triple knobbed rings and rings with zoomorphic representations indicates
a connection between the Scordisci and contemporary communities in central
Europe. The finds from grave 1 in Sotin show that knobbed rings and armrings
could have been worn by women of high status in the community, who used body
ornamentation to display various aspects of their visual identity.
of jewellery in the territory of the Scordisci. Even though the circumstances of
discovery are unknown for most finds, the knobbed rings and armrings found
in the richly furnished grave 1 in the cemetery of Sotin — Zmajevac showed that
they were popular and frequently worn items of jewellery, which seems to be
confirmed by numerous finds from La Tène settlements around Vinkovci. Based
on size differences, some knobbed rings are assumed to have served as pendants, while those of larger diameter are believed to be arm jewellery. Parallels
for knobbed rings and armrings from Scordiscan sites have been found in Transylvania and central Europe, confirming the intensive cultural contacts and involvement of the Scordisci in the complex communication networks of the Late
La Tène. Among the finds from Scordiscan sites, many knobbed rings belong to
the Szárazd — Regöly type, which is characteristic for the south-eastern Carpathian Basin, but their function is still unclear. On the other hand, the presence
of triple knobbed rings and rings with zoomorphic representations indicates
a connection between the Scordisci and contemporary communities in central
Europe. The finds from grave 1 in Sotin show that knobbed rings and armrings
could have been worn by women of high status in the community, who used body
ornamentation to display various aspects of their visual identity.
This book is a result of the research project of the Croatian Science Foundation, Iron Age Female Identities in the Southern Carpathian Basin (IP -06-2016-1749), undertaken at the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb in the period from 2017... more
This book is a result of the research project of the Croatian Science Foundation, Iron Age Female Identities in the Southern Carpathian Basin (IP -06-2016-1749), undertaken at the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb in the period from 2017 to 2021. The project brought together researchers from the Institute of Archaeology, the Institute for Anthropological Research, the Department of Archaeology at the University of Zagreb, the Ludwig-Maximillian University in Munich, the Institute of Archaeology and Art History in Cluj-Napoca, the Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, the Archaeological Institute in Belgrade, the Archaeological Department at the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade, and numerous outside participants from the Archaeological Museum in Osijek, the Vinkovci City Museum, the Vukovar City Museum, and the Slavonski Brod Regional Museum.
Project research tried to answer questions about how the female body was perceived, what influenced female visual identity in the Iron Age, what was the role of women in the Iron Age society, and whether the funerary customs and jewellery reflect the status of the buried women. The exploration of the Danube area cemeteries of Batina and Sotin led to interdisciplinary research of cremated anthropological remains and archaeological analyses and interpretations that resulted in papers on the material traces for the reconstruction of the costume, status and roles of women in these communities and how different female identities were created by costume and jewellery. An important research question was whether a significant change in personal social identities can be observed in costume and jewellery, and how we can recognize the relationships between the body and different costume items by studying the items.
Project research tried to answer questions about how the female body was perceived, what influenced female visual identity in the Iron Age, what was the role of women in the Iron Age society, and whether the funerary customs and jewellery reflect the status of the buried women. The exploration of the Danube area cemeteries of Batina and Sotin led to interdisciplinary research of cremated anthropological remains and archaeological analyses and interpretations that resulted in papers on the material traces for the reconstruction of the costume, status and roles of women in these communities and how different female identities were created by costume and jewellery. An important research question was whether a significant change in personal social identities can be observed in costume and jewellery, and how we can recognize the relationships between the body and different costume items by studying the items.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Gender Studies, Archaeology of Gender, Celtic Studies, and 14 moreTextile Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Religion and ritual in prehistory, Celtic Archaeology, Gender Archaeology, Archaeometallurgy, Balkan prehistory, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Women and Gender Studies, Early Iron Age, La Tene culture, and Hallstatt and Latene Period
Even after more than a hundred years of research, the biritual cemetery in Donja Dolina is still the cornerstone for studying the complex interactions of the Early Iron Age communities inhabited in the south of the Pannonian Plain with... more
Even after more than a hundred years of research, the biritual cemetery in Donja Dolina is still the cornerstone for studying the complex interactions of the Early Iron Age communities inhabited in the south of the Pannonian Plain with those from the neighbouring areas, primarily the western and central Balkans in the south, the south-eastern Alps in the west, and the Danube region in the east. Previous studies of the cemetery in Donja Dolina have mostly been focused on prestigious items of warriors’ defensive equipment and bronze vessels. However, the cemetery in Donja Dolina is unlike any other contemporaneous site because of its unique combinations of various items of female costume and jewellery that perfectly reveal the complexity of the established contact networks. One such burial unit is the cremation grave 16 at greda I. Stipančević, in which the cremated remains of an apparently young woman were placed in an urn, together with various costume and jewellery items. Two crested fibulae are parts of costume. A detailed typological analysis revealed that they had been imported from Glasinac. It still remains open whether these objects reached Donja Dolina in the mid-sixth century BC by cultural transfer, or the fibulae, as parts of the costume, were brought by the person who wore them. Another fibula in grave 16 – a bronze fibula with two loops and a square foot with two openings – also demonstrates an orientation towards Glasinac, as do a number of other items of female costume and jewellery from the cemetery in Donja Dolina. The crested fibulae were analysed and found to be a heterogeneous group with three separate types – Ražana, Pod and Zabrnjica – distinctive parts of female costume as they were worn by girls or adult women. Their distribution has mostly been recorded at Glasinac, but they have also been documented on sites from Donja Dolina in the north to northern Albania in the south, whereas the fibulae of the Pod and Zabrnjica types indicate a noticeably local distribution.
Research Interests:
Certain forms of bronze fibulae, alongside some forms of bronze belts, are recognizable items of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume. One of those forms is the so-called Scordiscan variant of bronze fibulae with round plates... more
Certain forms of bronze fibulae, alongside some forms of bronze belts, are recognizable items of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume. One of those forms is the so-called Scordiscan variant of bronze fibulae with round plates decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques. Fibulae belonging to this heterogeneous group, with specific variants singled out, are characteristic of communities along the Danube River which shared similar ideas of decoration of the female body during the Middle La Tène. The presence of numerous variants of fibulae clearly points to the existence of local workshops, regardless of noticeably the same basic decorative design concept in their production. Fibulae assigned to the Scordiscan variant have a characteristic trefoil motif with a knob on the top of the round plate and are, for now, known only from Scordiscan sites, due to which they can probably be considered products of their workshops. Finds of fibulae assigned to some other variants were also discovered at Scordiscan sites, indicating the existence of cultural contacts with neighbouring communities. In any case, bronze fibulae decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques provide valuable findings of decorating Scordiscan women’s bodies, as well as their public presentation, i.e., the fibulae probably represent a recognizable manifestation of their visual identity.
Research Interests:
A characteristic element of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume are the various types of iron and bronze belts, which can often be connected with contemporaneous types from the Carpathian Basin. One such form are iron belts of... more
A characteristic element of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume are the various types of iron and bronze belts, which can often be connected with contemporaneous types from the Carpathian Basin. One such form are iron belts of the Dalj type, composed of pairs of twisted rod-shaped segments with loops, connected with rings, which differ in the shape of mostly iron, only rarely bronze buckles. Dalj type belts are numerous in southeastern Pannonia in cemeteries of the Scordisci, although they have also been documented in female graves in the northern part of the Carpathian Basin, in Transylvania and in cemeteries in Central Europe. Dalj type belts are mostly dated to LT C1, although it seems that their appearance can be dated as early as the end of LT B2. Noticeable differences in the shapes of belt buckles bear witness to the individualisation of the early Middle La Tène female costume used by various communities, that is, its regionalisation.
Research Interests:
By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace,... more
By: Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire-Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Brendan Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Lea Demetz, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Daniel M. Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit & David Reich
Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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The Late Hallstatt period in the southern Carpathian Basin is marked by complex cultural relations for which the current knowledge is mostly based on the analyses of cemeteries. One of the most prolific forms of female jewellery in graves... more
The Late Hallstatt period in the southern Carpathian Basin is marked by complex cultural relations for which the current knowledge is mostly based on the analyses of cemeteries. One of the most prolific forms of female jewellery in graves is bronze and silver temple rings that were used to decorate the head or hair. This is testified to by finds from the inhumation graves in Donja Dolina, where several pairs of temple rings, often of different forms, were located on both sides of the women's heads. Four basic types have been distinguished according to differences in the design of the terminals, and there are different variants according to the method of shaping the body. The oldest burial phases in Donja Dolina are characterized by smooth temple rings with a conical thickening at the terminals (Ciumbrud type), which have been found in the highest numbers in the inhumation graves in Transylvania. Temple rings of the Ciumbrud type from Donja Dolina should probably be seen as a reflection of established contacts and cultural transfer, but we should not completely rule out the possibility of the individual mobility of women. The reconstruction of how they were worn makes it possible to analyse the female bodily ornamentation, indicating that these are gender-specific items, which became an important part of the visual identity of women.
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Several years of excavations at the site of Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine uncovered the remains of a settlement from the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages. The finds of a bronze pin and potsherds from the Late Bronze Age enabled the dating of... more
Several years of excavations at the site of Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine uncovered the remains of a settlement from the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages. The finds of a bronze pin and potsherds from the Late Bronze Age enabled the dating of the settlement to the early and late phases of the Urnfield culture, with the settlement at Volarski Breg being older than the one at Sušine. The excavations revealed parts of La Tène settlement infrastructure, which indicated that it was a prominent lowland settlement from the Middle and Late La Tène. They included the exceptional discovery of a pit with the remains of a loom. Both for the organization of the La Tène culture settlement and for its pottery finds, there are parallels in the known settlements from the middle Drava valley and the neighbouring areas of north-eastern Slovenia and south-western Hungary. These settlements are considered to have a rural character and to be the result of the life needs of small agricultural communities integr...
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A bronze pendant decorated with red enamel was found at Gradina in Privlaka, a fortified settlement of the Scordisci in eastern Slavonia. The pendant probably hung on an anthropomorphic ending of a bronze belt consisting of lyre and... more
A bronze pendant decorated with red enamel was found at Gradina in Privlaka, a fortified settlement of the Scordisci in eastern Slavonia. The pendant probably hung on an anthropomorphic ending of a bronze belt consisting of lyre and rectangular segments. This has been confirmed by the direct comparison with the anthropomorphic pendant ending with two identical clepsydra pendants which were found at the Scordisci cemetery in Novi Banovci. Bronze belts including lyre segments are a characteristic item of the Middle La Tène female costume, especially in the southeastern Carpathian Basin or the area inhabited by the Scordisci. Considering the exceptional creativity and skills required to make anthropomorphic pendants, it can be assumed that bronze belts of that shape, richly decorated with multicolored enamel, were worn by women who had a prominent status in the community. Also, the bronze pendant from Privlaka and other finds from the trial excavations indicates that Gradina in Privlaka was already inhabited in the Middle La Tène. The current data indicates that the greatest settlement intensity was recorded in the Late La Tène.
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The Zvonimirovo–Veliko Polje cemetery, not far from Virovitica, is the only systematically researched La Tène cemetery in northern Croatia. The numerous finds date it to the Middle La Tène (LT C2). Aside from warrior graves with weaponry,... more
The Zvonimirovo–Veliko Polje cemetery, not far from Virovitica, is the only systematically researched La Tène cemetery in northern Croatia. The numerous finds date it to the Middle La Tène (LT C2). Aside from warrior graves with weaponry, what stands out are the burials of women with characteristic items of costume, jewellery and everyday use, indicating the different aspects of female identities in the community. The female costume is represented by various forms of iron and bronze belts, Brežice-type buckles, and several different forms of bronze fibulae, the most numerous being fibulae with two spherical knobs and the Zvonimirovo-type fibulae. We have also isolated certain forms of fibulae which are currently represented by only a few or even a single specimen, like the fibula from grave LT 22 with three figure-of-eight loops on the bow. Parallels for the fibula from grave LT 22 have been found only in the northern Carpathian Basin; the appearance of this fibula at the Zvonimirovo cemetery could be explained by cultural transfers between the different communities living in the Carpathian Basin in the Middle La Tène, but we should not exclude the possibility of the mobility of certain women, which is also indicated by the particular forms of the female costume.
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The Middle La Tène cemetery of Zvonimirovo–Veliko Polje contained numerous graves of women with characteristic costume and jewellery items and provisions for the afterlife, such as ceramic vessels and animal bones. A smaller number of... more
The Middle La Tène cemetery of Zvonimirovo–Veliko Polje contained numerous graves of women with characteristic costume and jewellery items and provisions for the afterlife, such as ceramic vessels and animal bones. A smaller number of graves of women included objects of everyday use, such as iron knives, ceramic spindle-whorls and iron sewing needles; on a symbolic level, together with costume and jewellery items, they represent various aspects of women’s social identities in the community. Likewise, these items probably indicate the chores that women performed in their households on a daily basis. Since ceramic spindle-whorls are the most numerous items in this group of finds, associated with the making of spinning threads and accompanied by sewing needles, it seems that the women devoted part of their time to making and maintaining fabrics and clothing. Therefore, ceramic spindle-whorls are seen as characteristic gender-specific and age-specific items, as they are most often found in the graves of adult women. The same conclusions can be drawn from the other cemeteries of the La Tène culture in the Carpathian Basin, where ceramic spindle-whorls also do not represent a large group of finds, and are also most often found in the graves of adult women.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Funerary Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, and 8 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Spindle Whorls, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, and Prehistoric Textiles, Dyeing, Weaving
The south-eastern Carpathian Basin in the Late Iron Age is marked by the characteristic material heritage of the La Tène culture, which is associated with the Scordisci. In all the phases of development, the Scordisci had intense contacts... more
The south-eastern Carpathian Basin in the Late Iron Age is marked by the characteristic material heritage of the La Tène culture, which is associated with the Scordisci. In all the phases of development, the Scordisci had intense contacts with the communities living in the area of Central Europe. For the Late La Tène, this is most clearly shown by various items of female costume and jewellery, primarily by different forms of bronze fibulae, such as fibulae with loops at the bent foot (fibules à crête). It is a recognisable and unique form, found at the sites associated with the Scordisci, with parallels found primarily in the settlements in the areas from western Hungary to southern Germany. It is probably a characteristic item of the Late La Tène female costume. Like some other forms of fibulae, it testifies to the existence of a complex network of exchange and contacts between the remote areas of the south-eastern Carpathian Basin and Central Europe, not excluding the possibility of the mobility of particular women who wore such fibulae.
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During the Late La Tène, there was a noticeable increase in the items of horse gear at the sites in the southeastern Carpathian Basin associated with the Scordisci. Since they are mostly chance finds known since the end of the 19th... more
During the Late La Tène, there was a noticeable increase in the items of horse gear at the sites in the southeastern Carpathian Basin associated with the Scordisci. Since they are mostly chance finds known since the end of the 19th century, it was more difficult to identify them as items of
horse gear. However, the latest analyses, greatly helped by the discovery of a Late La Tène sanctuary in Osijek, have shown that it is a large and exceptionally heterogeneous group of objects that can include bronze buckles with a simple zoomorphic prong and corner protrusions of the Karaburma type. The discovery of buckles in rare funerary complexes – the most important of which is the richly equipped warrior grave 92 from the Karaburma cemetery – allows their dating to LT D1. Aside from the sites associated with the Scordisci, bronze buckles with protrusions at the corners were found in neighbouring areas and had been assumed to be belt buckles. On the other hand, bronze buckles of the Sisak type with a zoomorphic prong were found more to the west; they are considered to be the predecessor of the belt buckles from the Noricum-Pannonian female belt sets. The large number of items of Late La Tène horse gear at the sites of the Scordisci and in the distribution area of Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii group indicates the existence of a warrior horsemen elite which was the leading social and economic force in the Late La Tène, regardless of their affiliation to different communities; their identity in the graves was emphasised not only by weaponry and prestigious items, but also by items of horse gear.
horse gear. However, the latest analyses, greatly helped by the discovery of a Late La Tène sanctuary in Osijek, have shown that it is a large and exceptionally heterogeneous group of objects that can include bronze buckles with a simple zoomorphic prong and corner protrusions of the Karaburma type. The discovery of buckles in rare funerary complexes – the most important of which is the richly equipped warrior grave 92 from the Karaburma cemetery – allows their dating to LT D1. Aside from the sites associated with the Scordisci, bronze buckles with protrusions at the corners were found in neighbouring areas and had been assumed to be belt buckles. On the other hand, bronze buckles of the Sisak type with a zoomorphic prong were found more to the west; they are considered to be the predecessor of the belt buckles from the Noricum-Pannonian female belt sets. The large number of items of Late La Tène horse gear at the sites of the Scordisci and in the distribution area of Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii group indicates the existence of a warrior horsemen elite which was the leading social and economic force in the Late La Tène, regardless of their affiliation to different communities; their identity in the graves was emphasised not only by weaponry and prestigious items, but also by items of horse gear.
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In the territory of Eastern Croatia, characterized during the Late Iron Age by the material legacy of the La Tène culture, the finds attributable to the practice of ritual activities have rarely been documented. The discovery of numerous... more
In the territory of Eastern Croatia, characterized during the Late Iron Age by the material legacy of the La Tène culture, the finds attributable to the practice of ritual activities have rarely been documented. The discovery of numerous finds of weaponry and horse gear as well as animal and human bones during an excavation in Osijek in Eastern Slavonia, which are assumed to belong to the remains of a Late La Tène sanctuary of the Scordisci, is of exceptional importance. The sanctuary lay at the southern edge of a prominent settlement of the Scordisci, which was their westernmost centre situated next to the Drava river, lying on the
last convenient crossing before its confluence with the Danube. Analogies for the discovered finds have been documented primarily in Late La Tène graves of prominent warriors of the Scordisci and at the site of Veliki Vetren. Sacrifices or gifts were made for presently unknown reasons by the warrior elite in the second half of the 2nd century and during the first half of the 1st century BC (LT D1), most likely to war deities. The practice of ritual activities in Osijek was probably connected with the Late La Tène warrior aristocracy of the Scordisci that represented the basic political and economic power of their society and thereby were also the main agents of various ritual acts through which they laid numerous objects into the graves, but also displayed the strength, influence and power that they wielded.
last convenient crossing before its confluence with the Danube. Analogies for the discovered finds have been documented primarily in Late La Tène graves of prominent warriors of the Scordisci and at the site of Veliki Vetren. Sacrifices or gifts were made for presently unknown reasons by the warrior elite in the second half of the 2nd century and during the first half of the 1st century BC (LT D1), most likely to war deities. The practice of ritual activities in Osijek was probably connected with the Late La Tène warrior aristocracy of the Scordisci that represented the basic political and economic power of their society and thereby were also the main agents of various ritual acts through which they laid numerous objects into the graves, but also displayed the strength, influence and power that they wielded.
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The bronze fibulae decorated with diversely shaped depressions filled with colourful enamel which have recently been found in the southern Carpathian Basin complement the prior knowledge gained from researching this prominent item of the... more
The bronze fibulae decorated with diversely shaped depressions filled with colourful enamel which have recently been found in the southern Carpathian Basin complement the prior knowledge gained from researching this prominent item of the Middle and Late La Tène female costume. The Middle La Tène forms are characterised by a rectangular plaque on the end of the foot that has depressions of different shapes which are the basis for identifying the types which partly appear in specific narrow areas, probably indicating the place of their origin. On the basis of the numerous finds, which are widely distributed in the Carpathian Basin, it can be assumed that they were an important item of the Middle La Tène female costume, especially in the southeastern and eastern Carpathian Basin. On the other hand, the Late La Tène fibulae of the Gomolava type are a more complex form which is currently known only from the sites located in the southern Carpathian Basin, with one exception those attributed to the Scordisci. Bronze fibulae decorated with colourful enamel, as well as bronze belts with rectangular and lyre-shaped segments which are also richly decorated with enamel, were an important element of the visual identity of the women who wore such recognisable costume items.
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Izvleček [Izdelovalke preje in oblačil s srednjelatenskega grobišča Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje] Grobišče Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje v srednji Podravini blizu Virovitice je edino sistematično raziskano grobišče latenske kulture v severni... more
Izvleček [Izdelovalke preje in oblačil s srednjelatenskega grobišča Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje] Grobišče Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje v srednji Podravini blizu Virovitice je edino sistematično raziskano grobišče latenske kulture v severni Hrvaški. Na osnovi najdb ga lahko datiramo v fazo LT C2. Poleg bojevniških grobov izstopajo pokopi žensk z značilno nošo in nakitom ter pridano hrano. V tem prispevku sta obravnavana ženska grobova LT 90 in LT 91 s posebnimi predmeti vsakdanje rabe, kot so železni noži, keramična vretenca in železne šivanke, ki kažejo na ženska opravila v gospodinjstvu. Izjemna najdba v grobu LT 91 je še železna igla z živalsko glavico. Podobna je bila odkrita na grobišču Kapiteljska njiva v Novem mestu, v prav tako v ženskem grobu, ki je datiran v LT C1. Železne in bronaste igle s povešeno glavico in gladkim ali tordira-nim vratom so bile najdene na območju srednje in vzhodne Evrope v poznolatenskih naseljih. Konec 2. st. pr. n. št. se podobne igle pojavljajo tudi na grobiščih ob Baltiku. Prav tako so znane iz rimske dobe, predvsem iz naselij, redkeje iz ženskih grobov ter izjemoma iz moških. Iglo iz Zvonimirova, najdeno skupaj s keramičnim vretencem v groba LT 91, lahko povezujemo s predenjem oz. pripravo niti za tkanje in jo interpretiramo kot kavelj vretena. S pripravo preje in izdelavo oblačil povezani pridatki v ženskih grobovih v Zvonimirovem so značilni za določen spol in starost, na simbolni ravni pa prikazujejo različne vloge žensk v družini in skupnosti. Abstract The Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje cemetery, located in the Middle Drava valley, close to Virovitica, is the only systematically researched cemetery of the La Tène culture in northern Croatia. On the basis of its finds, it can be dated to LT C2 phase. Aside from the warrior's graves, there are notable female burials with distinctive costume and jewellery and food offerings. The article deals with the female graves LT 90 and LT 91 contained particular everyday objects such as iron knives, ceramic spindle-whorls and iron sewing needles. These items indicate everyday household work done by women. An exceptional find in the grave LT 91 is an iron pin with a zoomorphic head. Similar pin was found in the Kapiteljska njiva cemetery at Novo mesto, also in a female grave dated to LT C1. Iron and bronze pins with a curved head and smooth or twisted body are known from the Late La Tène settlements in Central and Eastern Europe. Similar pins appeared toward the end of the 2 nd century BC in the cemeteries along the Baltic Sea. They are also known from the Roman period contexts, mostly from settlements and rarely from female graves, and only exceptionally in male graves. The pin from the grave LT 91 in Zvonimirovo, together with a spindle whorl, could be associated with spinning as a spindle-hook. The finds associated with the production of spinning threads and clothes in the female graves in Zvonimirovo are characteristic of a certain gender and age. At the symbolic level they show the roles of women in the family and the community.
The Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje cemetery, located in the Middle Drava valley, close to Virovitica, is the only systematically researched cemetery of the La Tène culture in northern Croatia. On the basis of its finds, it can be dated to LT C2... more
The Zvonimirovo-Veliko polje cemetery, located in the Middle Drava valley, close to Virovitica, is the only systematically researched cemetery of the La Tène culture in northern Croatia. On the basis of its finds, it can be dated to LT C2 phase. Aside from the warrior’s graves, there are notable female burials with distinctive costume and jewellery and food offerings. The article deals with the female graves LT 90 and LT 91 contained particular everyday objects such as iron knives, ceramic spindle-whorls and iron sewing needles. These items indicate everyday household work done by women. An exceptional find in the grave LT 91 is an iron pin with a zoomorphic head. Similar pin was found in the Kapiteljska njiva cemetery at Novo mesto, also in a female grave dated to LT C1. Iron and bronze pins with a curved head and smooth or twisted body are known from the Late La Tène settlements in Central and Eastern Europe. Similar pins appeared toward the end of the 2nd century BC in the cemeteries along the Baltic Sea. They are also known from the Roman period contexts, mostly from settlements and rarely from female graves, and only exceptionally in male graves. The pin from the grave LT 91 in Zvonimirovo, together with a spindle whorl, could be associated with spinning as a spindle-hook. The finds associated with the production of spinning threads and clothes in the female graves in Zvonimirovo are characteristic of a certain gender and age. At the symbolic level they show the roles of women in the family and the community.
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The archaeological finds from Sisak, recovered from the Kupa River, and those with no information about the context of discovery, include about thirty finds that can be defined as weapons and parts of horse-riding equipment from the Late... more
The archaeological finds from Sisak, recovered from the Kupa River, and those with no information about the context of discovery, include about thirty finds that can be defined as weapons and parts of horse-riding equipment from the Late Iron Age. Most of the mentioned finds, especially the sword scabbard, belt buckles, spearheads, knives and clasps, a strap separator, buttons that were part of horse-riding equipment or spurs, bear the characteristics of the La Tène culture, an occurrence that can also be recognized in other aspects of the material culture of the Segestan community. On the other hand, Pritoka - Bela Cerkev type knives have been recorded over the territory covering the southeastern Alps, the northeastern Adriatic and its hinterland, and the western Balkans, and represent an autochthonous element in the armament of Segestan warriors of the 1st cent. BC
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The southern Carpathian Basin, crossed by the rivers Sava, Drava and Danube with their tributaries, has always been an important communication route between Central and south-eastern Europe. This area was settled by Celtic communities in... more
The southern Carpathian Basin, crossed by the rivers Sava, Drava and Danube with their tributaries, has always been an important communication route between Central and south-eastern Europe. This area was settled by Celtic communities in the second half of the 4th century BC. As they came in contact with the indigenous population, they caused the creation of new communities, including the one that is covered the most by archaeological finds and ancient historical sources: the Scordisci. When the southern Carpathian Basin entered into the Late Iron Age, characterized by the material legacy of the La Tène culture, cremation burial appeared together with the noticeable domination of new forms of weapons and items of costume and jewellery and the start of the serial production of pottery after the new technological model. Certain forms of pottery and decorating techniques and motifs reveal most clearly the influences of indigenous communities, which also provided certain forms of female costume and jewellery, bringing about the appearance of a characteristic material expression (hybridization) within the heritage of the Central European La Tène culture.
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The focus of the paper is on bronze astragal belts in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, interpreted as part of the female costume. In particular, their production seems to have two peaks, one at the end of the Early Iron Age... more
The focus of the paper is on bronze astragal belts in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, interpreted as part of the female costume. In particular, their production seems to have two peaks, one at the end of the Early Iron Age (6th–4th cent. BC) and another during the Late La Tène period. However, there is a continuity of the form throughout the Late Iron Age. Requiring a significant amount of material and craftsmanship, these belts imply the presence of skilled artisans, as well as a supply network that enabled the production. A new typological and chronological assessment of the known examples allows not only a better understanding of the possible production areas of astragal belts, but also the social implications behind the organisation of production, offering also the possibility to better evaluate the role of this particular item as a part of the autochthonous female costume and identity.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Balkan Prehistory (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 8 moreCeltic Archeology, Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Female, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, and Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe
The Scordiscan cemetery in Osijek yielded a part of a bronze belt with a zoomorphic buckle and segments decorated with red enamel, which belongs to Middle La Tène female costume. Considering the shape of the buckle and segments, analogies... more
The Scordiscan cemetery in Osijek yielded a part of a bronze belt with a zoomorphic buckle and segments decorated with red enamel, which belongs to Middle La Tène female costume. Considering the shape of the buckle and segments, analogies are most commonly found at cemeteries in Central Europe, Bavaria in particular.
The bronze belt from Osijek, in addition to certain other items of weaponry, costume and jewellery from the Scordiscan sites, bears witness to contacts during the Middle La Tène between south-eastern Pannonia and Central Europe, established through trade and exchange, as well as through movements of individuals and small groups.
The bronze belt from Osijek, in addition to certain other items of weaponry, costume and jewellery from the Scordiscan sites, bears witness to contacts during the Middle La Tène between south-eastern Pannonia and Central Europe, established through trade and exchange, as well as through movements of individuals and small groups.
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The knowledge of the development of the La Tène Culture, whose presence marked the Late Iron Age in the greatest part of Northern Croatia, has undergone important changes in the last two decades owing to numerous trial and rescue... more
The knowledge of the development of the La Tène Culture, whose presence marked the Late Iron Age in the greatest part of Northern Croatia, has undergone important changes in the last two decades
owing to numerous trial and rescue excavations of settlements which were carried out. The discovery of a large number of sites did not come as a surprise, considering that from as early as the end of the 19th century numerous finds have been known that pointed out the settling of the southern part of the Pannonian plain by the communities of Celtic origin. A breakthrough in the systematic study of the spiritual legacy of the La Tène Culture in the Southern Pannonia was achieved by the excavations of the Zvonimirovo-Veliko Polje cemetery in the Central Drava valley. This is the only systematically investigated Late Iron Age cemetery in Northern Croatia, and it yielded material legacy that significantly changed the previous understanding of the development of the La Tène Culture in that area. In the same vein, the investigations facilitate the study of the funerary practice which will be further enhanced by comparisons with the results of investigations of the cemeteries in the wider southern Pannonian area.
owing to numerous trial and rescue excavations of settlements which were carried out. The discovery of a large number of sites did not come as a surprise, considering that from as early as the end of the 19th century numerous finds have been known that pointed out the settling of the southern part of the Pannonian plain by the communities of Celtic origin. A breakthrough in the systematic study of the spiritual legacy of the La Tène Culture in the Southern Pannonia was achieved by the excavations of the Zvonimirovo-Veliko Polje cemetery in the Central Drava valley. This is the only systematically investigated Late Iron Age cemetery in Northern Croatia, and it yielded material legacy that significantly changed the previous understanding of the development of the La Tène Culture in that area. In the same vein, the investigations facilitate the study of the funerary practice which will be further enhanced by comparisons with the results of investigations of the cemeteries in the wider southern Pannonian area.
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A characteristic part of the Middle La Tène female costume in the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin, settled by the Scordisci, are various types of iron and bronze belts, which can be connected with contemporaneous types from... more
A characteristic part of the Middle La Tène female costume in the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin, settled by the Scordisci, are various types of iron and bronze belts, which can be connected with
contemporaneous types from other regions of the Carpathian Basin, and sometimes also with those documented in Central Europe and the southeastern Alps. The Middle La Tène female costume of the
Scordisci is also characterized by various types of bronze and, more rarely, iron fibulae. Besides different forms of belts, buckles and fibulae, an important segment of the visual identity of the Scordiscan females
are the characteristic combinations of ring-jewellery items, consisting of bracelets, anklets, fingerrings and beads. Interestingly, jewellery items are present in the Middle La Tène female graves of the Scordisci more rarely than in the previous phase of their material legacy (e.c. Early LT phase/LT B2), a situation quite similar to other contemporaneous cemeteries in the Carpathian Basin. Female graves sometimes also contain other grave goods, such as iron knives, ceramic spindle-whorls and ceramic vessels. All this confirm a specific role of women as creators of the costume and as a gender group who become increasingly visible in the materialy legacy of the Scordisci, especially via development of many new types of finds associated with their costume and jewellery.
contemporaneous types from other regions of the Carpathian Basin, and sometimes also with those documented in Central Europe and the southeastern Alps. The Middle La Tène female costume of the
Scordisci is also characterized by various types of bronze and, more rarely, iron fibulae. Besides different forms of belts, buckles and fibulae, an important segment of the visual identity of the Scordiscan females
are the characteristic combinations of ring-jewellery items, consisting of bracelets, anklets, fingerrings and beads. Interestingly, jewellery items are present in the Middle La Tène female graves of the Scordisci more rarely than in the previous phase of their material legacy (e.c. Early LT phase/LT B2), a situation quite similar to other contemporaneous cemeteries in the Carpathian Basin. Female graves sometimes also contain other grave goods, such as iron knives, ceramic spindle-whorls and ceramic vessels. All this confirm a specific role of women as creators of the costume and as a gender group who become increasingly visible in the materialy legacy of the Scordisci, especially via development of many new types of finds associated with their costume and jewellery.
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This paper discusses the settlement network of the Scordisci in the area of Vinkovci in the eastern Slavonia region (Croatia) during the Late La Tène period. Excavations at the multi-period prehistoric settlements along the river Bosut as... more
This paper discusses the settlement network of the Scordisci in the area of Vinkovci in the eastern Slavonia region (Croatia) during the Late La Tène period. Excavations at the multi-period prehistoric settlements
along the river Bosut as well as many contemporaneous lowland settlements brought to the light large amounts of metal and glass finds. This indicates the existence of a complex settlement network.
along the river Bosut as well as many contemporaneous lowland settlements brought to the light large amounts of metal and glass finds. This indicates the existence of a complex settlement network.
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The Late Iron Age of South-Eastern Pannonia is dominated by the community of the Scordisci with their characteristic material legacy, which belongs to the Central European La Tène Culture. South-Eastern Pannonia was on the crossroads of... more
The Late Iron Age of South-Eastern Pannonia is dominated by the community of the Scordisci with their characteristic material legacy, which belongs to the Central European La Tène Culture. South-Eastern Pannonia was on the crossroads of the communication routes that connected Central and South-Eastern Europe. These routes were also important during the
Late Iron Age when in South-Eastern Pannonia appeared
items from neighbouring and distant regions, which bear witness to the existence of the intensive contacts of the Scordisci with other communities, especially those in Central Europe.
Late Iron Age when in South-Eastern Pannonia appeared
items from neighbouring and distant regions, which bear witness to the existence of the intensive contacts of the Scordisci with other communities, especially those in Central Europe.
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During the Roman conquest and the ensuing stabilization in the late 1st c. BC and 1st c. AD the most prominent position in the society of the Scordisci, Taurisci and those of autochthonous Pannonian communities was held by local warrior... more
During the Roman conquest and the ensuing stabilization in the late 1st c. BC and 1st c. AD the most prominent position in the society of the Scordisci, Taurisci and those of autochthonous Pannonian communities was held by local
warrior elites. Their roots can be recognised in important social and economic transformations that occurred in the first half and the middle of the 2nd c. BC. The burials of the warrior elite of the LT D1 phase (second half of the 2nd and early 1st c. BC) are recognised by the presence of offensive and defensive weaponry, costume accessories and rich offerings consisting of ceramic and bronze vessels. Items of horse gear and spurs
were also found in warrior graves, occasionally also wagon parts, which portrayed them as warrior-horsemen. The finds in the graves of prominent warriors are a proof of the connection of a social system with the circulation of goods; in other words, the possession of prestigious goods was a fulfilment of social needs, that is, the display of one’s status and position within the community. The finds suggests the possibility of an
exchange of military equipment or even a certain mobility of groups of warriors. The importance of the warrior elite is further suggested by objects sacrificed to the war gods, and this
group could be represented by objects found in so-called fluvial contexts and the recently discovered Scordiscan sanctuary in Osijek. In the final conquest of the south Pannonian region during the Pannonian War (12–11 BC)
and in Bato’s uprising (6–8 AD), Tiberius used the warrior elite of the Scordisci as allies. After the establishment of Roman power the burials of the warrior elite were continued regardless of the appearance of a new political-administrative
government because members of the local aristocracy were entrusted with the defence of the limes. They continued to be buried, in accordance with their ancient customs, together with
their personal weapons, now of Roman origin, and also continued to offer provisions to the deceased that included numerous imported goods together with certain pottery forms of local origin thus testifying to their keeping of their previously acquired status. Thus, Romanisation was implemented by the ruling social class, the warrior elite being able to preserve
some of their previously attained positions and to remain in its original area.
warrior elites. Their roots can be recognised in important social and economic transformations that occurred in the first half and the middle of the 2nd c. BC. The burials of the warrior elite of the LT D1 phase (second half of the 2nd and early 1st c. BC) are recognised by the presence of offensive and defensive weaponry, costume accessories and rich offerings consisting of ceramic and bronze vessels. Items of horse gear and spurs
were also found in warrior graves, occasionally also wagon parts, which portrayed them as warrior-horsemen. The finds in the graves of prominent warriors are a proof of the connection of a social system with the circulation of goods; in other words, the possession of prestigious goods was a fulfilment of social needs, that is, the display of one’s status and position within the community. The finds suggests the possibility of an
exchange of military equipment or even a certain mobility of groups of warriors. The importance of the warrior elite is further suggested by objects sacrificed to the war gods, and this
group could be represented by objects found in so-called fluvial contexts and the recently discovered Scordiscan sanctuary in Osijek. In the final conquest of the south Pannonian region during the Pannonian War (12–11 BC)
and in Bato’s uprising (6–8 AD), Tiberius used the warrior elite of the Scordisci as allies. After the establishment of Roman power the burials of the warrior elite were continued regardless of the appearance of a new political-administrative
government because members of the local aristocracy were entrusted with the defence of the limes. They continued to be buried, in accordance with their ancient customs, together with
their personal weapons, now of Roman origin, and also continued to offer provisions to the deceased that included numerous imported goods together with certain pottery forms of local origin thus testifying to their keeping of their previously acquired status. Thus, Romanisation was implemented by the ruling social class, the warrior elite being able to preserve
some of their previously attained positions and to remain in its original area.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Funerary Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, and 8 moreRoman Army, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Roman military equipment, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Roman militaria, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, and Roman Archaeology
The territory of central Slavonia extends over the central section of the Slavonian Mountains, which divide it from Eastern and Western Slavonia and surround the Pozega Valley as a separate, closed whole. The plains of the Drava and Sava... more
The territory of central Slavonia extends over the central section of the Slavonian Mountains, which divide it from Eastern and Western Slavonia and surround the Pozega Valley as a separate, closed whole. The plains of the Drava and Sava Rivers lie to the north and south, and these provide natural communications with the Danubian zone to the east and the south-eastern Alpine zone to the west. Since artefacts of the La Tene culture are largely known to come from the Pozega Valley, attention has been focused on this closed geographic unit, although this does not exclude individual finds from the
contiguous area along the Sava River.
contiguous area along the Sava River.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Roman Army, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Roman military equipment, and 9 moreRoman Limes, Late Iron Age/Roman transition, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Roman militaria, Roman Archaeology, Warrior burials, and Late La Tène Period
A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the... more
A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century AD in southern Pannonia. Most of the cereals found (Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccon, T. aestivum i T. cf. spelta), the legumes (Lens culinaris, Vicia ervilia) and the fruit contributions (Cucumis melo/sativus, Malus/Pyrus sp., the Prunus avium group, P. domestica, Vitis vinifera) were probably grown in the vicinity of the investigated localities, but they might at the same time have been trade goods. Trade was undoubtedly well developed at that period, as shown by the remains of the fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea), typically Mediterranean crops, in the finds. All the species of cereals, except millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Sćitarjevo, and of bitter vetch (...
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The Vinkovci Municipal Museum holds warrior equipment and fragments of bronze vessels found in Vrtna Street in Vinkovci in 1965, which are most likely burial objects from destroyed graves. Weapons dating from the Early Roman period... more
The Vinkovci Municipal Museum holds warrior equipment and fragments of bronze vessels found in Vrtna Street in Vinkovci in 1965, which are most likely burial objects from destroyed graves. Weapons dating from the Early Roman period include a sword, two long narrowheaded spears, a shorter spear and a conical spear mount. Handle with stamp ABVDVSF and two sherd of rim belongs to the bronze vessels of unknown shape. Based on their typological characteristics, the sword and the spears are assumed to belong to the weaponry of warriors of autochthonous Celtic origin, who participated in the Roman conquest of southern Pannonia at the end of the first century BC or in the suppression of the Pannonian-Dalmatian rebellion early in the first century AD. It is also possible that the warrior gear belonged to members of an auxiliary detachment that was temporarily deployed in Cibalae to guard Italic settlers in the newly occupied territory of the eastern interfluve. Other parts of the warrior gear d...
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Šoštarić, Renata; Dizdar, Marko; Kušan, Dora; Hršak, Vladimir; Mareković, Sara. Comparative Analysis of Plant Finds from Early Roman Graves in Ilok (Cuccium) and Šćitarjevo (Andautonia), Croatia – A Contribution to Understanding Burial Rites in Southern Pannonia.. // Collegium Antropologicum. 30 ...more
A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Šćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the... more
A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Šćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century AD in southern Pannonia. Most of the cereals found (Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccon, T. aestivum i T. cf. spelta), the legumes (Lens culinaris, Vicia ervilia) and the fruit contributions (Cucumis melo/sativus, Malus/Pyrus sp., the Prunus avium group, P. domestica, Vitis vinifera) were probably grown in the vicinity of the investigated localities, but they might at the same time have been trade goods. Trade was undoubtedly well developed at that period, as shown by the remains of the fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea), typically Mediterranean crops, in the finds. All the species of cereals, except millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Šćitarjevo, and of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) found in the Ilok grave were carbonised and were probably placed on the funeral pyre with the departed. The lentil (Lens culinaris) and the other fruit remains were non-carbonised and mineralised, which means that they were placed in the grave in fresh, dried or cooked form as food for the deceased (belief in an immortal soul), as remains of the funerary feast, or as a sacrifice to the goods.
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Während der ersten Forschungsphase - von 1993 bis 1995 – wurden auf dem frühmittelalterlichen Reihengräberfeld der Bjelobrdo-Kultur in Veliko polje, in Zvonimirovo, unweit von Virovitica in der Podravina, unter anderem auch drei... more
Während der ersten Forschungsphase - von 1993 bis 1995 – wurden auf dem frühmittelalterlichen Reihengräberfeld der Bjelobrdo-Kultur in Veliko polje, in Zvonimirovo, unweit von Virovitica in der Podravina, unter anderem auch drei Brandgräber der La-Tène-Kultur entdeckt. In den Frauergräbern LT 1 und LT 3 wurden funktional-dekorative Gegenstände gefunden - Tracht, Schmuck und Keramikgefäße -, während im Männergrab LT 2 Waffenbeigaben entdeckt wurden, die auf die Beisetzung eines herausragenden Kriegers schließen lassen. Aufgrund der freigelegten Funde - besonders der Waffenfunde - wurden die Gräber in die LT C2-Stufe datiert und dokumentieren – der Analyse der Frauentracht zufolge – die Tatsache, dass das Gräberfeld in Zvonimirovo dem Verbreitungsgebiet der Taurisker zuzuordnen ist, die im 3.-2. Jh. v. Chr. das Gebiet der mittleren Podravina kontrollierten. Außerdem weisen einige Waffenfunde aus dem Kriegergrab LT 2 – wie z.B. das Schwert in der Scheide, die Lanze und die Gürtelgarnit...
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Sed nuntiata Illyrici defectione transiit ad curam novi belli, quod gravissimum omnium externorum bellorum post Punica, per quindecim legiones paremque auxiliorum copiam triennio gessit in magnis omnium rerum difficultatibus summaque... more
Sed nuntiata Illyrici defectione transiit ad curam novi belli, quod gravissimum omnium externorum bellorum post Punica, per quindecim legiones paremque auxiliorum copiam triennio gessit in magnis omnium rerum difficultatibus summaque frugum inopia.
With these words, Suetonius did not leave us much information about the Pannonian revolt but one must admit that this dramatic sentence gives to the modern reader a rather clear idea how the Romans themselves perceived that war. One might argue that Suetonius was prone to exaggeration and that it is unlikely that the Pannonian and Dalmatian insurgents ever represented a real threat to the Italian mainland. Nevertheless, considering the manpower
and the material resources engaged to quell the revolt, one cannot deny that Augustus took that threat very seriously. The gravity of the situation in 6 AD is after all confirmed by other sources, most notably by one historian who personally
took part in that war, Velleius Paterculus, who also claims
that the rebel forces, which according to his estimates
numbered hundreds of thousands of men,
planned to launch an offensive against Italy2. It would thus appear that this belief was widespread among Romans at that time. When the revolt began in 6 AD and when the grim news reached Rome,
the authorities as well as the Italian population probably
shared the belief that a large host of Illyrian barbarians was heading towards Rome and that desperate measures were to be taken in order to save Italy. One should not underestimate the strength of rumours, which could easily and rapidly spread
over a large area, causing panic among civilians and military alike. The troops raised by Pannonian and Dalmatian insurgents could certainly not match in any way the army led by Hannibal but in the eyes of the Italian population it was the first time after two centuries that a foreign enemy seemed to be strong enough to defeat Roman legions and march
towards Rome. This is why Suetonius’ comparison is actually quite pertinent and understandable.
With these words, Suetonius did not leave us much information about the Pannonian revolt but one must admit that this dramatic sentence gives to the modern reader a rather clear idea how the Romans themselves perceived that war. One might argue that Suetonius was prone to exaggeration and that it is unlikely that the Pannonian and Dalmatian insurgents ever represented a real threat to the Italian mainland. Nevertheless, considering the manpower
and the material resources engaged to quell the revolt, one cannot deny that Augustus took that threat very seriously. The gravity of the situation in 6 AD is after all confirmed by other sources, most notably by one historian who personally
took part in that war, Velleius Paterculus, who also claims
that the rebel forces, which according to his estimates
numbered hundreds of thousands of men,
planned to launch an offensive against Italy2. It would thus appear that this belief was widespread among Romans at that time. When the revolt began in 6 AD and when the grim news reached Rome,
the authorities as well as the Italian population probably
shared the belief that a large host of Illyrian barbarians was heading towards Rome and that desperate measures were to be taken in order to save Italy. One should not underestimate the strength of rumours, which could easily and rapidly spread
over a large area, causing panic among civilians and military alike. The troops raised by Pannonian and Dalmatian insurgents could certainly not match in any way the army led by Hannibal but in the eyes of the Italian population it was the first time after two centuries that a foreign enemy seemed to be strong enough to defeat Roman legions and march
towards Rome. This is why Suetonius’ comparison is actually quite pertinent and understandable.
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In the territory of the Scordisci in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, have been found bronze fibulae of Middle La Tène type which have variously shaped depressions filled with polychrome enamel on a rectangular plaque near... more
In the territory of the Scordisci in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, have been found bronze fibulae of Middle La Tène type which have variously shaped depressions filled with polychrome enamel on a rectangular plaque near the end of the long foot. These fibulae are considered a characteristic item of the costume of Scordiscan women. However, fibulae of this type have also been documented in the neighbouring areas and even at sites in the northern parts of the Carpathian Basin, once again raising questions regarding their origin, distribution and dating.
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A chance find of an iron sword, attributable to Late La Tène on the basis of typological features, comes from the village of Gaćište in the proximity of Virovitica. A large number of lowland settlements in the Podravina area is known from... more
A chance find of an iron sword, attributable to Late La Tène on the basis of typological features, comes from the village of Gaćište in the proximity of Virovitica. A large number of lowland settlements in the Podravina area is known from that period of development of the La Tène culture, while information regarding contemporary cemeteries is missing.
The sword most probably comes from a destroyed warrior grave, for which analogies are found in the cemeteries of the Taurisci and the Scordisci as well as in the wider area of the Carpathian basin.
The sword most probably comes from a destroyed warrior grave, for which analogies are found in the cemeteries of the Taurisci and the Scordisci as well as in the wider area of the Carpathian basin.
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The introduction presents researches and knowledge about the development of the material heritage of the Scordisci which originating from the excavated cemeteries, especially the heritage from the Middle La Tène. This group of finds can... more
The introduction presents researches and knowledge about the development of the material heritage of the Scordisci which originating from the excavated cemeteries, especially the heritage from the Middle La Tène. This group of finds can be enlarged with numerous items collected since the end of the 19th century, which can be assumed to have mostly originated from destroyed funerary complexes. Although their discovery contexts are unknown, the number and variety of these finds make them an indispensable part of the material heritage of the Scordisci, as they also provide many valuable insights into their position in the communication networks during the Late Iron Age. Detailed typological and chronological analyses of the collected finds, especially of women’s costume and jewellery items, can testify to local peculiarities, but also to the affiliation of the material heritage of the Scordisci to the global phenomenon of the La Tène culture as the material expression of numerous and varied communities of presumed Celtic origin which have reached the edge of their distribution in the area of the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin. On this occasion, we will analyse Scordiscan women’s Middle La Tène costume items –
primarily various forms of iron and bronze belts – which can offer answers to many questions about the different aspects of the Scordiscan social identities, their position in the communication networks of the Carpathian Basin during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, and their established contacts with the area of central Europe. This will increase our knowledge about the complex cultural landscape of the south-eastern Carpathian Basin during the Late Iron Age.
primarily various forms of iron and bronze belts – which can offer answers to many questions about the different aspects of the Scordiscan social identities, their position in the communication networks of the Carpathian Basin during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, and their established contacts with the area of central Europe. This will increase our knowledge about the complex cultural landscape of the south-eastern Carpathian Basin during the Late Iron Age.
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The beginning of the Early Iron Age in the southeastern Carpathian Basin is marked by the development of the Dalj and Bosut groups, which formed in the preceding Late Bronze Age. Starting from the mid of 7th century BCE there are... more
The beginning of the Early Iron Age in the southeastern Carpathian Basin is marked by the development of the Dalj and Bosut groups, which formed in the preceding Late Bronze Age. Starting from the mid of 7th century BCE there are noticeable changes in material legacy, primarily in the groups of finds related to female costume and jewellery. These finds represent women as a clearly visible gender group, based on unique combinations of ornaments. These combinations also indicate different communication networks. The finds of bronze open-work belts and certain shapes of fibulae point to contacts with the communities of the Northern Balkans in the second half of the 7th century and the early 6th century BCE. Moreover, the beginning of the 6th century BCE saw an intensification of contacts with the Western and Central Balkans, as testified by the appearance of astragal belts and certain shapes of fibulae. Originating in the Glasinac area, the astragal belts were adopted and then also adapted into a new form, which endured, with some morphological changes, in the southeastern Carpathian Basin until the
end of the Late Iron Age. Therefore, the Late Hallstatt period was a time of dynamic changes with the appearance of a new material expression, which did not emerge only through cultural transfers, but also probably through certain mobility of women who came to the southeastern Carpathian Basin from the neighbouring areas. This assumption is based on the incorporation of entire sets of finds into the local repertoire, which are seemingly different from those previously known in this area. The beginning of the Late Hallstatt period was a time of cultural and social reconfiguration, expressed through the formation of a recognisable local visual code and identity. This paper will, therefore, focus on the process of creation of a characteristic Late Hallstatt female costume in the southeastern Carpathian Basin.
end of the Late Iron Age. Therefore, the Late Hallstatt period was a time of dynamic changes with the appearance of a new material expression, which did not emerge only through cultural transfers, but also probably through certain mobility of women who came to the southeastern Carpathian Basin from the neighbouring areas. This assumption is based on the incorporation of entire sets of finds into the local repertoire, which are seemingly different from those previously known in this area. The beginning of the Late Hallstatt period was a time of cultural and social reconfiguration, expressed through the formation of a recognisable local visual code and identity. This paper will, therefore, focus on the process of creation of a characteristic Late Hallstatt female costume in the southeastern Carpathian Basin.
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Batina (Kiskőszeg) is one of the most significant sites in the southern Carpathian Basin from the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age. For more than a century, Batina has been the source of many exceptional... more
Batina (Kiskőszeg) is one of the most significant sites in the southern Carpathian Basin from the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age. For more than a century, Batina has been the source of many exceptional finds, now stored in the collections of several European museums, which are considered to originate from destroyed funerary complexes and which helped define the chronology of the development of the Dalj Group. Since 2010 new excavations rekindled the interest for this extraordinary site. Their results will significantly contribute to the understanding of the complex processes that took place in the Carpathian Basin at the end of the 2nd millennium and in the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC.
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Batina (Kiskőszeg), on the Danube in Baranya, is one of the most significant sites in the southern Carpathian Basin from the end of the Late Bronze age and the beginning of the early Iron age. For more than a century, Batina has been the... more
Batina (Kiskőszeg), on the Danube in Baranya, is one of the most significant sites in the southern Carpathian Basin from the end of the Late Bronze age and the beginning of the early Iron age. For more than a century, Batina has been the source of exceptional finds which are considered to originate from destroyed funerary complexes. the collected finds helped define the chronology of the development of the Dalj group, which marked the end of the Late Bronze age and the beginning of the early Iron age in the southern Carpathian Basin. a systematic field survey was made to determine the location of the Dalj group cemetery in Batina. Its results indicated that the cemetery could have been located in sredno, a site south of the contemporary settlement on gradac. this was followed by archaeological excavations in sredno, which revealed many cremation graves of the Dalj group containing ceramic, metal and glass finds, confirming the earlier hypotheses about the great significance of Batina as an important southern Pannonian centre from the end of the 2nd millennium BC and the first centuries of the 1st millennium BC, which stood on an important communication line along the Danube. the discovery of the numerous grave assemblages in Batina will enable detailed analyses of distinct pottery horizons and a better knowledge of the characteristic ceramic vessels for each distinct phase of the development of the Dalj group.
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The paper presents one of the storage pits from the first phase of the Bosut group settlement in Ilok that stood at the site of the Upper Town. The area of the Upper Town of Ilok was continuously inhabited throughout the Bronze and Iron... more
The paper presents one of the storage pits from the first phase of the Bosut group settlement in Ilok that stood at the site of the Upper Town. The area of the Upper Town of Ilok was continuously inhabited throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages, with the most intense traces of habitation dating from the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The eight-year rescue excavations of the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb explored the preserved buried structures from all the development stages of the Bosut group. The example of the storage pit with its inventory testifies to possible different uses of such pits, which have often been found in other Bosut group settlements in Syrmia, southern Bačka, and Banat.
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The Late Hallstatt period in the territory of the southeastern Carpathian Basin is defined by a characteristic group of finds, mostly from female graves, which have been attributed to the Syrmian group. The group is characterized by flat... more
The Late Hallstatt period in the territory of the southeastern Carpathian Basin is defined by a characteristic group of finds, mostly from female graves, which have been attributed to the Syrmian group. The group is characterized by flat cemeteries with inhumation burials. During all phases the group adopted various influences, mostly from the Central Balkan and southeastern Alpine region, and transformed them into its own recognizable style visible in female burials, which also bear
witness to the process of social differentiation of local communities. Typical female burials consist of costume and jewellery items, while rare male graves feature weaponry. The female costume includes bronze astragal belts and various types of fibulae, the most frequent among them being Certosa types V and XIII, but there also appear other types that originated in the Central Balkan region. One of the best examples of the transfer of ideas from the Central Balkan region and their local adoption into a distinct style, except for fibulas, can be seen in the bronze astragal belts which very often appear in female graves in the Syrmian, Eastern Slavonian and southeasternTransdanubian cemeteries, where they were dated at the late 6th and 5th centuries BC. New finds from the Vinkovci region, together with some other previously collected items, indicate an earlier appearance of the astragal belts which have direct analogies in the area of spreading of the Glasinac cultural complex, testifying to a firmly connectivity between the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin and the Central Balkans at the beginning of the Late Hallstatt period.
witness to the process of social differentiation of local communities. Typical female burials consist of costume and jewellery items, while rare male graves feature weaponry. The female costume includes bronze astragal belts and various types of fibulae, the most frequent among them being Certosa types V and XIII, but there also appear other types that originated in the Central Balkan region. One of the best examples of the transfer of ideas from the Central Balkan region and their local adoption into a distinct style, except for fibulas, can be seen in the bronze astragal belts which very often appear in female graves in the Syrmian, Eastern Slavonian and southeasternTransdanubian cemeteries, where they were dated at the late 6th and 5th centuries BC. New finds from the Vinkovci region, together with some other previously collected items, indicate an earlier appearance of the astragal belts which have direct analogies in the area of spreading of the Glasinac cultural complex, testifying to a firmly connectivity between the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin and the Central Balkans at the beginning of the Late Hallstatt period.
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The Belišće Municipal Collection contains a Certosa-type fibula of crossbow construction of type XIIIh, a bracelet and a fingerring, all made of bronze. The finds were collected at the Zagajci site following the 1992 exploitation of sand.... more
The Belišće Municipal Collection contains a Certosa-type fibula of crossbow construction of type XIIIh, a bracelet and a fingerring, all made of bronze. The finds were collected at the Zagajci site following the 1992 exploitation of sand. In addition to these finds, human bones were also mentioned. The site is situated at the western end of the town of Belišće, near the Karašica river, several hundred metres downstream from the Drava river. This is a sandy elevation rising above the surrounding lowlands. Test excavations carried out in the autumn of 2008 did not reveal any Late Hallstatt finds, but led to a discovery of two Late Bronze Age cremation burials and an early mediaeval cremation cemetery.
It is supposed that the finds come from a destroyed female grave from the end of 5th and beginning of 4th cent. BC attributable to the south Pannonian Late Hallstatt group which was distributed between Lake Balaton and the Sava river and characterized by smaller cemeteries with a predominantly inhumation burial. The closest analogies have been documented in Osijek and on the northern side of the Drava river at the contemporaneous cemetery in Szentlőrinc.
It is supposed that the finds come from a destroyed female grave from the end of 5th and beginning of 4th cent. BC attributable to the south Pannonian Late Hallstatt group which was distributed between Lake Balaton and the Sava river and characterized by smaller cemeteries with a predominantly inhumation burial. The closest analogies have been documented in Osijek and on the northern side of the Drava river at the contemporaneous cemetery in Szentlőrinc.
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The Early Iron Age is one of the least investigated and little known prehistoric periods in the region of Vinkovci, as well as in eastern Slavonia and western Srijem. On the territory of the town of Vinkovci and its surroundings,... more
The Early Iron Age is one of the least investigated and little known prehistoric periods in the region of Vinkovci, as well as in eastern Slavonia and western Srijem. On the territory of the town of Vinkovci and its surroundings, intensive rescue excavations were conducted in the past three decades, in which settlements and cemeteries were uncovered which enable a more clear cultural and chronological picture of the Early Iron Age in the broader south-Pannonian area (Fig. 1.). Apart from the results of the excavations, the understanding of the material heritage is supported by isolated and chance finds from the Early Iron Age, preserved in the City Museum in Vinkovci, as well as in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, on the basis of which it is possible to assume the continuous habitation of the area of Vinkovci and its surroundings from the very beginning of the Early Iron Age in the 8th century BC up until the settlement of the Celts by the end of the 4th century BC. The older ph...
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The Early Iron Age is one of the least investigated and little known prehistoric periods in the region of Vinkovci, as well as in eastern Slavonia and western Srijem. On the territory of the town of Vinkovci and its surroundings,... more
The Early Iron Age is one of the least investigated and little known prehistoric periods in the region of Vinkovci, as well as in eastern Slavonia and western Srijem. On the territory of the town of Vinkovci and its surroundings, intensive rescue excavations were conducted in the past three decades, in which settlements and cemeteries were uncovered which enable a more clear cultural and chronological picture of the Early Iron Age in the roader south-Pannonian area. Apart from the results of the excavations, the understanding of the material heritage is supported by isolated and chance finds from the Early Iron Age, preserved in the City Museum in Vinkovci, as well as in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, on the basis of which it is possible to assume the continuous habitation of the area of Vinkovci and its surroundings from the very beginning of the Early Iron Age in the 8th century BC up until the settlement of the Celts by the end of the 4th century BC. bitation of the area of...
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A number of sites in eastern Slavonia during Br D-Ha A1 phases yielded ceramic finds of the Belegiš II group as well as those of the Virovitica and Barice-Gređani groups. The Belegiš II group forms part of the eastern Carpathian cultural... more
A number of sites in eastern Slavonia during Br D-Ha A1 phases yielded ceramic finds of the Belegiš II group as well as those of the Virovitica and Barice-Gređani groups. The Belegiš II group forms part of the eastern Carpathian cultural koiné
of fluted pottery, while the Virovitica and Barice-Gređani groups belong to the southernmost expressions of the central European Urnfield culture. In the forging of contacts and exchange of ideas and knowledge between the groups a particularly important role was played by the communications that followed the courses of the Drava and the Danube rivers (Belegiš II – Virovitica), as well as the Sava river (Belegiš II – Barice-Gređani). One of the key concerns in the definition of a group’s identity is the typological-statistical analysis of ceramic
finds, necessary for the recognition and distinction of forms and decorations characteristic for each group, which would provide the means to identify in the case of each site or region the prevailing influences over time, even for distinct chronological phases of the earlier phase of the Late Bronze Age. Distinct groups share identical forms of metal objects and the cremation burial method, albeit with evident differences in the burial rite. All these groups cease to exist during Ha A1 as a result of successive developments unfolding throughout the Carpathian Basin.
of fluted pottery, while the Virovitica and Barice-Gređani groups belong to the southernmost expressions of the central European Urnfield culture. In the forging of contacts and exchange of ideas and knowledge between the groups a particularly important role was played by the communications that followed the courses of the Drava and the Danube rivers (Belegiš II – Virovitica), as well as the Sava river (Belegiš II – Barice-Gređani). One of the key concerns in the definition of a group’s identity is the typological-statistical analysis of ceramic
finds, necessary for the recognition and distinction of forms and decorations characteristic for each group, which would provide the means to identify in the case of each site or region the prevailing influences over time, even for distinct chronological phases of the earlier phase of the Late Bronze Age. Distinct groups share identical forms of metal objects and the cremation burial method, albeit with evident differences in the burial rite. All these groups cease to exist during Ha A1 as a result of successive developments unfolding throughout the Carpathian Basin.
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Saetak In 2009 the field survey of the Baranja region continued, with the aim of finding and protecting new, unknown archaeological sites, and documenting the sites that had already been identified before. Numerous finds unearthed at the... more
Saetak In 2009 the field survey of the Baranja region continued, with the aim of finding and protecting new, unknown archaeological sites, and documenting the sites that had already been identified before. Numerous finds unearthed at the end of the 19th and the beginning of ...
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Saetak In a field survey of part of the village Sotin, the sites known from the literature (Ilkić 1999; Ilkić 2003) were inspected, some of which were registered earlier. Besides several small-scale rescue excavations (digs of house... more
Saetak In a field survey of part of the village Sotin, the sites known from the literature (Ilkić 1999; Ilkić 2003) were inspected, some of which were registered earlier. Besides several small-scale rescue excavations (digs of house foundations, etc.) in the Sotin area in the ...
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The archaeological site of Jankovačka Dubrava – Velika Međa is located at the western entrance to the village of Stari Jankovci near Vinkovci. One part of the site lies in the woods of Jankovačka Dubrava and the other lies on the arable... more
The archaeological site of Jankovačka Dubrava – Velika Međa is located at the western entrance to the village of Stari Jankovci near Vinkovci. One part of the site lies in the woods of Jankovačka Dubrava and the other lies on the arable land near the riverbed of what used to be a paleostream. The site has been known for more than a hundred years; it was first explored by the National Museum of Zagreb in 1878 and 1879. On that occasion, they described five large tumuli: four in the woods and one in the neighbouring field. Later papers dated the tumuli to the prehistoric period. Because of intensive cultivation of the land next to the woods, Vinkovci Municipal Museum undertook a magnetometric survey together with Eastern Atlas Ltd. in 2015 to verify whether the slight elevation on the field hides the remains of a tumulus. When the results were positive, they started systematic excavations. During the three seasons of excavations, from 2017 to 2019, it was confirmed that the tumuli were from the Roman period. The excavations of tumulus 1 uncovered two large burial chambers and two central cremation graves. The explored chamber contained a two-wheeled Roman carriage with two horses, while the central cremation graves were robbed. Around tumulus 1 there were cremation and inhumation graves from late antiquity.
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U listopadu 2017. godine provedena su arheoloska istraživanja u Dolini na položaju Glavicice, gdje su istraženi tumul 10 kao i probna sonda na pretpostavljenom položaju ravnoga groblja. U tumulu 10 otkriveni su ostaci opljackanoga groba 1... more
U listopadu 2017. godine provedena su arheoloska istraživanja u Dolini na položaju Glavicice, gdje su istraženi tumul 10 kao i probna sonda na pretpostavljenom položaju ravnoga groblja. U tumulu 10 otkriveni su ostaci opljackanoga groba 1 te ostatak groba 2, pri cemu su tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani i tragovi aktivnosti tijekom pogrebnih rituala provedenih prije podizanja zemljanoga humka. U probnoj sondi nisu pronađeni tragovi arheoloskih cijelina, osim malobrojnih keramickih ulomaka prikupljenih u sloju humusa.
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Rescue excavation of the AN 7A Jagodnjak - Napuštene njive (Abandoned fields) at the Osijek – Beli Manastir motorway route covered an area of circa 4.4 hectares. The research explored parts of a fortified Bronze Age settlement and remains... more
Rescue excavation of the AN 7A Jagodnjak - Napuštene njive (Abandoned fields) at the Osijek – Beli Manastir motorway route covered an area of circa 4.4 hectares. The research explored parts of a fortified Bronze Age settlement and remains of an Antique settlement along the ancient road. On the largest part of the area investigated, numerous prehistoric pithouses and pits were recorded, most notably a ditch around the central part of the settlement situated on a small hill next to a water stream. On the basis of pottery and metal finds, the settlement can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age. In the northern section of the area, remains of an Antique settlement along the road that used to go from Mursa to the north were documented. The remains of the road consist of parallel ditch pits along which two skeleton graves were found, probably from the
Antique period. The remains of the prehistoric and Antique settlement found during rescue excavation at AN 7A Jagodnjak – Napuštene njive suggest the extraordinary position of south Baranja in the communication network of the wider Carpathian Basin area.
Antique period. The remains of the prehistoric and Antique settlement found during rescue excavation at AN 7A Jagodnjak – Napuštene njive suggest the extraordinary position of south Baranja in the communication network of the wider Carpathian Basin area.
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Within Baranja's Archaeological Heritage project, research continued on the Batina – Sredno site concentrating on tumulus 2 and the area around it. The research area was in the northern part of Sredno position, near the settlement on... more
Within Baranja's Archaeological Heritage project, research continued on the Batina – Sredno site concentrating on tumulus 2 and the area around it. The research area was in the northern part of Sredno position, near the settlement on Gradac, that is, west of tumulus 1, explored in 2012 and 2014. A square-shaped grave pit was found in the middle of tumulus 2 with some remains of wooden grave architecture. At the bottom of the grave chamber (fig. 4), there were numerous grave goods, such as, ceramic
vessels decorated with tin slats, two ceramic spindle whorls, small bronze fragments (clothing parts), glass beads with three protrusions and golden ring-shaped beads.
The findings suggest the burial of a distinguished woman in the late 8th c. BC. There was a fence along the edge of the tumulus, of which a series of postholes remains. South of the tumulus, a prehistoric cremation grave was found, along with three Roman cremation graves. Roman cremation grave 100 stands out in terms of the quality and quantity of findings (fig. 7), which include ceramic lamp, coin, hook, ceramic beads, fragments of a glass bowl and an object made of iron. In grave 98 a knee fibula was found. The results of the research conducted so far have confirmed
Batina as an exceptional archaeological site that keeps offering valuable
information about the end of the Late Bronze and beginning of the Early Iron Age, as well as insight into the life along the Limes in Antiquity.
vessels decorated with tin slats, two ceramic spindle whorls, small bronze fragments (clothing parts), glass beads with three protrusions and golden ring-shaped beads.
The findings suggest the burial of a distinguished woman in the late 8th c. BC. There was a fence along the edge of the tumulus, of which a series of postholes remains. South of the tumulus, a prehistoric cremation grave was found, along with three Roman cremation graves. Roman cremation grave 100 stands out in terms of the quality and quantity of findings (fig. 7), which include ceramic lamp, coin, hook, ceramic beads, fragments of a glass bowl and an object made of iron. In grave 98 a knee fibula was found. The results of the research conducted so far have confirmed
Batina as an exceptional archaeological site that keeps offering valuable
information about the end of the Late Bronze and beginning of the Early Iron Age, as well as insight into the life along the Limes in Antiquity.
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Rescue archaeological excavations at the Beli Manastir Širine site on 48,061 m2 brought numerous data about the population of this area during the Neolithic, Lasinja culture, encrusted pottery culture and the Middle Ages. Most of the... more
Rescue archaeological excavations at the Beli Manastir Širine site on 48,061 m2 brought numerous data about the population of this area during the Neolithic, Lasinja culture, encrusted pottery culture and the Middle Ages. Most of the structures researched in the settlement and the cemetery date back to the end of the Early Bronze Age of the south group of the encrusted pottery culture. This is why this site establishes a good example for studying settlement infrastructure and spatial relationships with the cemetery and rituals of the communities from this area whose members buried their dead there.
Rescue excavations also suggested that the large river valleys such as the Danube and Drava valleys enabled natural communication routes that are still visible today, but that even between them there was communication on a smaller scale that was also exceptionally important for communication between prehistoric and medieval communities populating this area, which is certainly more difficult to identify and study without this type of research.
Rescue excavations also suggested that the large river valleys such as the Danube and Drava valleys enabled natural communication routes that are still visible today, but that even between them there was communication on a smaller scale that was also exceptionally important for communication between prehistoric and medieval communities populating this area, which is certainly more difficult to identify and study without this type of research.
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The Late Bronze Age settlement in Dolina at the location of Babine Grede stands on two elevated ridges lying along the course of the River Sava in the direction of west – east. The settlement is known on the basis of previously collected... more
The Late Bronze Age settlement in Dolina at the location of Babine Grede stands on two elevated ridges lying along the course of the River Sava in the direction of west – east. The settlement is known on the basis of previously collected surface finds of
potsherds and was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey conducted in 2014. Trench 1, located in the eastern part of the western ridge, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. The archaeological excavations of the location of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018 determined that the settlement on the east ridge was partly contemporary in Ha A2, i.e. in the first half of the 11th cent. BC. Trench 2 included younger horizons than those recorded in Trench 1. The excavations conducted in the spring of 2019 opened
Trench 3, which is a smaller trench on the western part of the eastern ridge. Trench 3 is located south of the settlement on the western ridge. This trench was excavated with the aim of locating a flat cemetery, but it located a peripheral part of the
settlement with a large buried structure. The new excavation results have supplemented the findings about the borders of the settlement and the directions of its expansion, as well as the assumptions about the position of the flat cemetery. According to the published findings, the Bronze Age settlement of Donja Dolina on the other side of the river was at least partly contemporary with the settlement at Babine Grede, and this fact raises a number of new questions about the specific use of landscape along the River Sava in the Late Bronze Age, especially during the younger phase of the Urnfield culture.
potsherds and was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey conducted in 2014. Trench 1, located in the eastern part of the western ridge, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. The archaeological excavations of the location of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018 determined that the settlement on the east ridge was partly contemporary in Ha A2, i.e. in the first half of the 11th cent. BC. Trench 2 included younger horizons than those recorded in Trench 1. The excavations conducted in the spring of 2019 opened
Trench 3, which is a smaller trench on the western part of the eastern ridge. Trench 3 is located south of the settlement on the western ridge. This trench was excavated with the aim of locating a flat cemetery, but it located a peripheral part of the
settlement with a large buried structure. The new excavation results have supplemented the findings about the borders of the settlement and the directions of its expansion, as well as the assumptions about the position of the flat cemetery. According to the published findings, the Bronze Age settlement of Donja Dolina on the other side of the river was at least partly contemporary with the settlement at Babine Grede, and this fact raises a number of new questions about the specific use of landscape along the River Sava in the Late Bronze Age, especially during the younger phase of the Urnfield culture.
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The Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede in Dolina stands on two greda (elevated positions) stretching along the River Sava in the east-west direction. The settlement is known from before on the basis of numerous... more
The Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede in Dolina stands on two greda (elevated positions) stretching along the River Sava in the east-west direction. The settlement is known from before on the basis of numerous collected surface finds
of pottery fragments, and it was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey in 2014. Trench 1, in the eastern part of the western elevation, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. Archaeological research undertaken on the site of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018
was intended to determine the exact dating of the settlement standing on the eastern elevation. The discovered bronze and ceramic objects show that the settlement on the position of the eastern elevation was partly contemporaneous with the part of the settlement included in the excavations of trench 1 in the western part of the elevation, during Ha A2, that is, in the first half of the 11th century BC. Trench 2 contained even younger settlement horizons than the ones identified in trench 1. The results of the research from 2018 have changed the assumptions about the horizontal settlement stratigraphy in Dolina, that is, about how the Late Bronze Age settlement spread from east to west, where the settlement is the closest to the cemetery under the tumuli at the position of Glavičice. The research has proven that the settlement spread towards the east, too, on the higher places which were not directly exposed to sudden changes in the water level of the Sava. In future years, research will focus on locating the flat cemetery and considering the horizontal stratigraphy of the Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede.
of pottery fragments, and it was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey in 2014. Trench 1, in the eastern part of the western elevation, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. Archaeological research undertaken on the site of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018
was intended to determine the exact dating of the settlement standing on the eastern elevation. The discovered bronze and ceramic objects show that the settlement on the position of the eastern elevation was partly contemporaneous with the part of the settlement included in the excavations of trench 1 in the western part of the elevation, during Ha A2, that is, in the first half of the 11th century BC. Trench 2 contained even younger settlement horizons than the ones identified in trench 1. The results of the research from 2018 have changed the assumptions about the horizontal settlement stratigraphy in Dolina, that is, about how the Late Bronze Age settlement spread from east to west, where the settlement is the closest to the cemetery under the tumuli at the position of Glavičice. The research has proven that the settlement spread towards the east, too, on the higher places which were not directly exposed to sudden changes in the water level of the Sava. In future years, research will focus on locating the flat cemetery and considering the horizontal stratigraphy of the Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede.
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The additional rescue archaeological excavations of the site AN 7A Jagodnjak – Napuštene njive in Baranya, on the route of the Osijek – Beli Manastir highway, uncovered the southern edge of a Middle Bronze Age settlement which was... more
The additional rescue archaeological excavations of the site AN 7A Jagodnjak – Napuštene njive in Baranya, on the route of the Osijek – Beli Manastir highway, uncovered the southern edge of a Middle Bronze Age settlement which was explored in 2015. The south part of the explored area contained structures belonging to the Copper Age Lasinja culture. Research showed that the Middle Bronze Age settlement stretched for three hundred meters to the south of the central part of the settlement fortified by a ditch. The gentle rise in the southern part of the site contained traces of large pits where the fills included characteristic ceramic fragments of the Lasinja culture.
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The trial excavations of the prehistoric site in Mali Bilač located on the western slopes of Dilj on the eastern part of the Požega basin were carried out during April 2011 (Fig. 1). In 1993, armament (swords in the scabbards, spears,... more
The trial excavations of the prehistoric site in Mali Bilač located on the western slopes of Dilj on the eastern part of the Požega basin were carried out during April 2011 (Fig. 1). In 1993, armament (swords in the scabbards, spears, shield bosses), parts of costumes (fibulae) and fragments of bronze and ceramic vessels were found by chance at the local cemetery; these finds probably belong to the dual warrior grave from the earlier phase of the Late La Tène period (LT D1). The small scale trial excavations in 2003 have not resulted in the discovery of any new graves, except for the findings collected from the destroyed grave 1. In April 2011, after the area around the cemetery was destroyed by construction works, the remaining area around the cemetery was fully explored. During the excavations the remains of two incineration
graves that confirm the assumption of the existence of Late La Tène cemetery were discovered on the highest, southern part of the ridge. Only the bottom parts of grave pits were preserved. In grave 2 a part of the bronze pin was found, probably a part of a fibula, and in addition a S-shaped bowl and fragments of another vessel, probably
kantharoi. The smaller pile of burned bones was deposited south of the bowl (Fig. 5). Only few ceramic fragments were preserved in the grave 3. Trial excavations have confirmed the former knowledge about the chronological picture of the cemetery in Mali Bilač, which, according to the findings from a ruined grave, belongs to LT D1 period, i.e. to the second half of the 2nd and the beginning of 1st century BC.
graves that confirm the assumption of the existence of Late La Tène cemetery were discovered on the highest, southern part of the ridge. Only the bottom parts of grave pits were preserved. In grave 2 a part of the bronze pin was found, probably a part of a fibula, and in addition a S-shaped bowl and fragments of another vessel, probably
kantharoi. The smaller pile of burned bones was deposited south of the bowl (Fig. 5). Only few ceramic fragments were preserved in the grave 3. Trial excavations have confirmed the former knowledge about the chronological picture of the cemetery in Mali Bilač, which, according to the findings from a ruined grave, belongs to LT D1 period, i.e. to the second half of the 2nd and the beginning of 1st century BC.
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Saetak Archaeological rescue excavations of the Castle of the Dukes of Ilok (the Odescalchi Palace) conducted in 2007 by the Institute of Archaeology under the guidance of Professor eljko Tomičić, Ph. D. focused on the area between the... more
Saetak Archaeological rescue excavations of the Castle of the Dukes of Ilok (the Odescalchi Palace) conducted in 2007 by the Institute of Archaeology under the guidance of Professor eljko Tomičić, Ph. D. focused on the area between the Castle of the Dukes of ...
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Saetak With the objective of registering new, still unidentified archaeological sites, and with the aim of documenting the status of sites that are already familiar, a field survey project commenced in Eastern Baranja, along the Danube... more
Saetak With the objective of registering new, still unidentified archaeological sites, and with the aim of documenting the status of sites that are already familiar, a field survey project commenced in Eastern Baranja, along the Danube River. In the first stage of research, the field survey ...
Saetak A field survey conducted in the spring of 2009 encompassed the territory of the southern and western part of the Sotin village, suggesting possible southern and western borders of an Iron Age cemetery and of a civilian classical... more
Saetak A field survey conducted in the spring of 2009 encompassed the territory of the southern and western part of the Sotin village, suggesting possible southern and western borders of an Iron Age cemetery and of a civilian classical antiquity settlement. In the western part of ...
Saetak In a field survey of part of the village Sotin, the sites known from the literature (Ilkić 1999; Ilkić 2003) were inspected, some of which were registered earlier. Besides several small-scale rescue excavations (digs of house... more
Saetak In a field survey of part of the village Sotin, the sites known from the literature (Ilkić 1999; Ilkić 2003) were inspected, some of which were registered earlier. Besides several small-scale rescue excavations (digs of house foundations, etc.) in the Sotin area in the ...
Research Interests:
Saetak In 2009 the field survey of the Baranja region continued, with the aim of finding and protecting new, unknown archaeological sites, and documenting the sites that had already been identified before. Numerous finds unearthed at the... more
Saetak In 2009 the field survey of the Baranja region continued, with the aim of finding and protecting new, unknown archaeological sites, and documenting the sites that had already been identified before. Numerous finds unearthed at the end of the 19th and the beginning of ...
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Research Interests:
U probnim istraživanjima groblja grupe Barice-Gređani u Migalovcima pronađen je grob sa spaljenim ostacima pokojnika koji su bili pokriveni sa zdjelom koso izvucenog ruba. Iznad i oko zdjele pronađeni su ulomci od jos nekoliko posuda, dok... more
U probnim istraživanjima groblja grupe Barice-Gređani u Migalovcima pronađen je grob sa spaljenim ostacima pokojnika koji su bili pokriveni sa zdjelom koso izvucenog ruba. Iznad i oko zdjele pronađeni su ulomci od jos nekoliko posuda, dok je među spaljenim ostacima pokojnika bila broncana igla s topuzastom glavicom koja je ukrasena motivom jelove grancice.
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Research Interests: History and Archaeology
Tijekom kolovoza i rujna 2017. godine provedena su istraživanja na položaju Srednje polje, koja se u kontinuitetu odvijaju od 2008. godine. U istraživanjima je otkriveno sedam paljevinskih grobova daljske grupe datiranih u starije... more
Tijekom kolovoza i rujna 2017. godine provedena su istraživanja na položaju Srednje polje, koja se u kontinuitetu odvijaju od 2008. godine. U istraživanjima je otkriveno sedam paljevinskih grobova daljske grupe datiranih u starije željezno doba, zatim dijelovi prometne infrastrukture i naselja iz rimskoga vremena kao i dva horizonta srednjovjekovnoga naselja. Tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani su i brojni tragovi novovjekovnih aktivnosti na Srednjem polju koji su ponekad ostetili starije strukture.
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Drugu godinu zaredom provedena su probna arheoloska istraživanja prapovijesnog groblja Glavicice. Istražen je najjužniji tumul 6 pod kojim su bili dva paljevinska groba u vertikalnom stratigrafskom odnosu. Prilozi u grobovima ukazuju da... more
Drugu godinu zaredom provedena su probna arheoloska istraživanja prapovijesnog groblja Glavicice. Istražen je najjužniji tumul 6 pod kojim su bili dva paljevinska groba u vertikalnom stratigrafskom odnosu. Prilozi u grobovima ukazuju da su pokojnici pokopani pocetkom željeznog doba (Ha C1a) spajajuci tradiciju paljevinskog pokopavanja kulture polja sa žarama s halstatskom modom – oznacavanjem groba nasipom tumula.
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Research Interests:
U nastavku zastitnih istraživanja nalazista AN 6 Gornji Vukojevac, na trasi auto-ceste Zagreb – Sisak, otkriveni su ostaci prapovijesnog i rimskog naselja. Istraživanja su omogucila definiranje sjevernog ruba prapovijesnog naselja kojem... more
U nastavku zastitnih istraživanja nalazista AN 6 Gornji Vukojevac, na trasi auto-ceste Zagreb – Sisak, otkriveni su ostaci prapovijesnog i rimskog naselja. Istraživanja su omogucila definiranje sjevernog ruba prapovijesnog naselja kojem pripada manji broj otkrivenih objekata. Ostacima infrastrukture rimskog naselja pripadaju ukopi jaraka i stupova koji se vjerojatno mogu povezati s dvoristima ili okucnicama koje su se nalazile uz cestu od koje su se sacuvali ukopi rubnih jaraka. Na sjeveroistocnom dijelu nalazista otkriveni su ostaci rimske nekropole s paljevinskim grobovima koji se, kao i cijelo naselje, mogu datirati od 1. do 3. st. Prikupljeni nalazi ukazuju da se vjerojatno radi o manjem ruralnom naselju sa snažnom autohtonom ostavstinom.
Research Interests:
U zastitnim istraživanjima nalazista AN 6 Gornji Vukojevac na trasi autoceste Zagreb - Sisak istraženi su ostaci prapovijesnog i rimskog naselja. Velika istražena povrsina omogucila je prepoznavanje infrastrukture prapovijesnog naselja s... more
U zastitnim istraživanjima nalazista AN 6 Gornji Vukojevac na trasi autoceste Zagreb - Sisak istraženi su ostaci prapovijesnog i rimskog naselja. Velika istražena povrsina omogucila je prepoznavanje infrastrukture prapovijesnog naselja s nizovima kuca pravokutne osnove te ostalim pomocnim objektima koji svjedoce o obiteljski strukturiranom naselju. Od pokretnih arheoloskih nalaza u najvecem su broju pronađeni ulomci keramickog posuđa na osnovi koejih se naselje datira u razdoblje kasnog broncanog doba. Ostacima rimskog naselja pripada sacuvana infrastruktura s dvoristima smjestenima uz jednu od pomocnih cesta od koje su preostali ukopi jaraka. Izniman je nalaz paljevinskog groba tipa bustum koji se, kao i cijelo naselje, može datirati od kraja 1. do 3. st. Na osnovi pronađenih nalaza, vjerojatno se radi o manjem ruralnom naselju sa snažnom autohtonom ostavstinom.
Research Interests:
In the area of the hamlet of Zakotorac in Donja Banda, municipality of Orebić, in the middle part of the Pelješac peninsula, trial archaeological excavations were performed at the site of Gomile. It is a prehistoric cemetery with at least... more
In the area of the hamlet of Zakotorac in Donja Banda, municipality of Orebić, in the middle part of the Pelješac peninsula, trial archaeological excavations were performed at the site of Gomile. It is a prehistoric cemetery with at least 27 rock tumuli and with drywall structures that were later added to the tumuli. The excavations involved only two such added structures (S-1 and S-2), on the south side of one tumulus. The fill of the western structure (S-1), with no remains of skeletons or graves, contained a complete and only slightly damaged bronze Illyrian helmet of the III A2-a type, dated to the 4th century BC. The eastern space (S-2), which was added later, contained what was defined as grave 1. The bioarchaeological analysis determined that the grave contained at least 13 individuals: ten adults and three children. The radiocarbon analysis of two samples chronologically identified at least two burial periods: the end of the Late Bronze Age (980–810 BC) and the beginning of the Late Iron Age (380–170 BC). Metal finds from grave 1 include the remains of iron weaponry (at least three spears and a battle knife), bronze and silver items of costume (12 fibulae, 19 pins) and jewellery (five bracelets and rings, glass and amber beads), and toiletries (tweezers). Pottery finds include the fragments of at least 31 different vessels of Greek origin from the 4th century BC.
Research Interests:
The archaeological rescue excavations at the Lozan – Lendava site near Špišić Bukovica, carried out in the fall of 2019, uncovered parts of infrastructure of a Late La Tene settlement. The site used to be known as a late medieval lowland... more
The archaeological rescue excavations at the Lozan – Lendava site near Špišić Bukovica, carried out in the fall of 2019, uncovered parts of infrastructure of a Late La Tene settlement. The site used to be known as a late medieval lowland hillfort, but the excavations have not confirmed this. The infrastructure of the Late La Tene settlement was represented by the remains of buried structures containing fragments of wheel-thrown pottery, but there were also particular recognizable handmade shapes. The results of the excavations at the Lozan settlement agree with the known facts about the contemporary settlements around Virovitica and Koprivnica, indicating that the Drava Valley was intensively inhabited during the Late La Tene period, i.e. at the end of the 2nd and in the 1st century BC.
Research Interests:
In June and September 2020, archaeological excavations were carried out in the area of the village of Nakovana in the western part of the Pelješac peninsula. The work focused on excavating the prehistoric cemetery on the southern slopes... more
In June and September 2020, archaeological excavations were carried out in the area of the village of Nakovana in the western part of the Pelješac peninsula. The work focused on excavating the prehistoric cemetery on the southern slopes of Zmijna hill. The two explored graves have been roughly dated to the 11th (grave 1) and 7th (grave 2) century BC. Both graves were on flat terrain in the immediate vicinity of stone tumuli. The remains of very poorly preserved inhumation burials, along with grave goods and costume and jewellery items, are shallow relative to today’s surface. The deceased were laid on bedrock, in a natural hollow (škrapa), sometimes surrounded by stone slabs (grave 1) or covered with larger stone slabs (grave 2). The finds are assumed to be female costume and jewellery items. Notable finds from grave 1 include a bronze twisted torc, a single-loop bow fibula with two expansions on the arch, and two spiral spectacle pendants with a tubular middle part. The finds from grave 2 include the fragments of a bronze shoulder piece, a bracelet, a pendant, and small hoops. Considering the continuous habitation of the Grad hillfort, it is assumed that there were continuous burials in the entire area of Nakovana from the transitional period from the Eneolithic to the Early Bronze Age until the end of the Iron Age.
Research Interests:
Field surveys of the area between the settlements of Ostrovo and Gaboš north of Vinkovci, carried out by the Vinkovci Municipal Museum, revealed the existence of several new archaeological sites. Among these, the site of Ostrovo–Sokolovac... more
Field surveys of the area between the settlements of Ostrovo and Gaboš north of Vinkovci, carried out by the Vinkovci Municipal Museum, revealed the existence of several new archaeological sites. Among these, the site of Ostrovo–Sokolovac stands out by having numerous and diverse finds. Aside from the Late Iron Age, the largest amount of surface finds belongs to Antiquity, pointing to the existence of a settlement that was probably located alongside the Cibalae – Mursa road. Notable metal finds are the elements of belt sets, horse gear (harness), and an armour element (lorica segmentata) that can be associated with the Roman army. Even though the finds have no contexts, the typological and chronological analysis helped single out two horizons of potential military presence: one from the 1st c. AD, which is poorly represented, and another from the 2nd and 3rd c. AD, which most of the finds belong to. Their interpretation relies on known analogies and their contextual interpretations, with the emphasis on the potential role of veterans.
Research Interests:
The archaeological rescue excavations at the Lozan – Lendava site near Špišić Bukovica, carried out in the fall of 2019, uncovered parts of infrastructure of a Late La Tène settlement. The site used to be known as a late medieval lowland... more
The archaeological rescue excavations at the Lozan – Lendava site near Špišić Bukovica, carried out in the fall of 2019, uncovered parts of infrastructure of a Late La Tène settlement. The site used to be known as a late medieval lowland hillfort, but the excavations have not confirmed this. The infrastructure of the Late La Tène settlement was represented by the remains of buried structures containing fragments of wheel-thrown pottery, but there were also particular recognizable handmade shapes. The results of the excavations at the Lozan settlement agree with the known facts about the contemporary settlements around Virovitica and Koprivnica, indicating that the Drava Valley was intensively inhabited during the Late La Tène period, i.e. at the end of the 2nd and in the 1st century BC.
Research Interests:
The rescue archaeological excavations in the Barracks area in Osijek encompassed the area of the future Faculty of Education. Among the finds dated to Antiquity, there are numerous ceramic finds from the 1st and 2nd century AD, with the... more
The rescue archaeological excavations in the Barracks area in Osijek encompassed the area of the future Faculty of Education. Among the finds dated to Antiquity, there are numerous ceramic finds from the 1st and 2nd century AD, with the particularly notable presence of material datable to the Flavian era. The presence of the Roman army during this period remains debatable, so selected metal finds associated with the Roman army are presented here in order to contribute to the discussion. These are parts of military belt sets (belt fittings and buckles, a pendant) and horse gear (pendants, bells) dated to the 1st – 2nd century AD.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
During the summer of 2019, within the FEMINE project, trial excavations were continued in the Late Hallstatt and the Early La Tène cemetery in Lovas in western Syrmia. The cemetery is located in the very centre of the village, on a gentle... more
During the summer of 2019, within the FEMINE project, trial excavations were continued in the Late Hallstatt and the Early La Tène cemetery in Lovas in western Syrmia. The cemetery is located in the very centre of the village, on a gentle elevation lying along the eastern edge of the loess plateau. It was discovered during the construction of the waterworks in the 1970s, when inhumation graves were found and dated to the younger phase of the Early Iron Age. The trial excavations conduced in 2018 discovered a biritual cemetery from the end of the Early Iron Age and the beginning of the Late Iron Age. When the excavations continued, they found more funerary complexes confirming the dates and layout of the cemetery. What particularly stood out were women’s inhumation graves richly furnished with items of costume and jewellery. Also, there was an exceptional find – the burial of a horse with iron bit of the form found in the area of the Lower Danube. The trial excavations in Lovas within the FEMINE project have confirmed the hypothesis that this is an exceptionally important site from the transition from the Early to Late Iron Age. Particular importance has been attached to the discovery of closed funerary complexes with female costume and jewellery items and the associated anthropological sample that will enable interdisciplinary bioarchaeological analyses.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 10 moreIron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Horses in Prehistory, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Horses, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Vekerzug Culture, and Archaeology of Horse and Riders
The archaeological site of Jankovačka Dubrava – Velika Međa is located at the western entrance to the village of Stari Jankovci near Vinkovci. One part of the site lies in the woods of Jankovačka Dubrava and the other lies on the arable... more
The archaeological site of Jankovačka Dubrava – Velika Međa is located at the western entrance to the village of Stari Jankovci near Vinkovci. One part of the site lies in the woods of Jankovačka Dubrava and the other lies on the arable land near the riverbed of what used to be a paleostream. The site has been known for more than a hundred years; it was first explored by the National Museum of Zagreb in 1878 and 1879. On that occasion, they described five large tumuli: four in the woods and
one in the neighbouring field. Later papers dated the tumuli to the prehistoric period. Because of intensive cultivation of the land next to the woods, Vinkovci Municipal Museum undertook a magnetometric survey together with Eastern Atlas Ltd. in 2015 to verify whether the slight elevation on the field hides the remains of a tumulus. When the results were positive, they started systematic excavations. During the three seasons of excavations, from 2017 to 2019, it was confirmed that the tumuli were from the Roman period. The excavations of tumulus 1 uncovered two large burial chambers and two central cremation
graves. The explored chamber contained a two-wheeled Roman carriage with two horses, while the central cremation graves were robbed. Around tumulus 1 there were cremation and inhumation graves from late antiquity.
one in the neighbouring field. Later papers dated the tumuli to the prehistoric period. Because of intensive cultivation of the land next to the woods, Vinkovci Municipal Museum undertook a magnetometric survey together with Eastern Atlas Ltd. in 2015 to verify whether the slight elevation on the field hides the remains of a tumulus. When the results were positive, they started systematic excavations. During the three seasons of excavations, from 2017 to 2019, it was confirmed that the tumuli were from the Roman period. The excavations of tumulus 1 uncovered two large burial chambers and two central cremation
graves. The explored chamber contained a two-wheeled Roman carriage with two horses, while the central cremation graves were robbed. Around tumulus 1 there were cremation and inhumation graves from late antiquity.
Research Interests:
The continuation of the rescue excavations at the site of Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje included the western slope of the central part of the elevation, which contained cremation graves of the La Tène culture. At the bottom of the... more
The continuation of the rescue excavations at the site of Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje included the western slope of the central part of the elevation, which contained cremation graves of the La Tène culture. At the bottom of the rectangular grave pits with rounded corners there are the cremated remains of the dead with costume and jewellery items, and with ceramic vessels placed next to them. The graves were partly destroyed by earlier intense agricultural cultivation; the best preserved grave is a warrior’s grave with a long iron spear. The excavations conducted on the western slope in previous years found several more graves, in which the only offensive weaponry was a single spear in each grave; these are the graves of spearmen, arranged around the
graves of warriors equipped with swords in scabbards. A small pile of cremated bones in grave LT 129 contained two larger iron fibulae and fragments of two bronze fibulae with three ceramic vessels placed next to them. The typological characteristics of the finds date the discovered graves to phase LT C2 (Mokronog IIb).
graves of warriors equipped with swords in scabbards. A small pile of cremated bones in grave LT 129 contained two larger iron fibulae and fragments of two bronze fibulae with three ceramic vessels placed next to them. The typological characteristics of the finds date the discovered graves to phase LT C2 (Mokronog IIb).
Research Interests:
Treća sezona zaštitnih istraživanja kasnoavarodobnoga groblja na redove Šarengrad – Klopare rezultirala je novim spoznajama o razdoblju od druge polovice 7. do kraja 12. stoljeća na području Hrvatskoga Podunavlja. Istraživanja su bila... more
Treća sezona zaštitnih istraživanja kasnoavarodobnoga groblja na redove Šarengrad – Klopare rezultirala je novim spoznajama
o razdoblju od druge polovice 7. do kraja 12. stoljeća na području Hrvatskoga Podunavlja. Istraživanja su bila usmjerena
na površinu groblja koje se pruža u nastavku sondi I i II idući prema istoku, što je rezultiralo otkrićem novih grobova na redove,
pri čemu su dječji ukopi bogatije opremljeni, zatim slavenskim paljevinskim ukopima u urnama i u grobnim jamama te
otkrićem keramičke peći bjelobrdskoga kulturnog kompleksa od 9. do 12. stoljeća. Istraživanjima je definiran smjer pružanja
groblja koje za sada predstavlja prvo arheološki istraživano biritualno groblje u kontinentalnome dijelu Hrvatske.
Ključne riječi: Šarengrad, kasnoavarodobni period, paljevinski grobovi, Slaveni, bjelobrdski kulturni kompleks, keramička peć
The third season of the rescue excavations of Šarengrad – Klopare, a row-grave cemetery from the Late Avar Age, resulted in
new insights about the period from the second half of the 7th century to the end of the 12th century in the Croatian Danube
region. The excavations focused on the area of the cemetery stretching eastwards beyond Trenches I and II, which resulted in
the discovery of new row graves, with more richly furnished child burials, the Slavic cremation burials in urns and grave
pits, and the discovery of a ceramic kiln of the Bijelo Brdo cultural complex from between the 9th and the 12th century. The
excavations defined the orientation of the cemetery, which is currently the first archaeologically excavated biritual cemetery in
continental Croatia.
Key words: Šarengrad, Late Avar Age period, cremation graves, Slavs, Bijelo Brdo cultural complex, ceramic kiln
o razdoblju od druge polovice 7. do kraja 12. stoljeća na području Hrvatskoga Podunavlja. Istraživanja su bila usmjerena
na površinu groblja koje se pruža u nastavku sondi I i II idući prema istoku, što je rezultiralo otkrićem novih grobova na redove,
pri čemu su dječji ukopi bogatije opremljeni, zatim slavenskim paljevinskim ukopima u urnama i u grobnim jamama te
otkrićem keramičke peći bjelobrdskoga kulturnog kompleksa od 9. do 12. stoljeća. Istraživanjima je definiran smjer pružanja
groblja koje za sada predstavlja prvo arheološki istraživano biritualno groblje u kontinentalnome dijelu Hrvatske.
Ključne riječi: Šarengrad, kasnoavarodobni period, paljevinski grobovi, Slaveni, bjelobrdski kulturni kompleks, keramička peć
The third season of the rescue excavations of Šarengrad – Klopare, a row-grave cemetery from the Late Avar Age, resulted in
new insights about the period from the second half of the 7th century to the end of the 12th century in the Croatian Danube
region. The excavations focused on the area of the cemetery stretching eastwards beyond Trenches I and II, which resulted in
the discovery of new row graves, with more richly furnished child burials, the Slavic cremation burials in urns and grave
pits, and the discovery of a ceramic kiln of the Bijelo Brdo cultural complex from between the 9th and the 12th century. The
excavations defined the orientation of the cemetery, which is currently the first archaeologically excavated biritual cemetery in
continental Croatia.
Key words: Šarengrad, Late Avar Age period, cremation graves, Slavs, Bijelo Brdo cultural complex, ceramic kiln
Research Interests:
The archaeological site in Lovas in Western Syrmia is located in the very centre of the village, on the eastern edge of the loess elevation above a small stream. The construction works in A. Starčevića Street in the 1970s uncovered... more
The archaeological site in Lovas in Western Syrmia is located in the very centre of the village, on the eastern edge of the loess elevation above a small stream. The construction works in A. Starčevića Street in the 1970s uncovered inhumation graves that were dated to the latter phase of the Early Iron Age on the basis of the finds of weapons and jewellery. Within the FEMINE project, there were trial excavations in the accessible areas of the site that discovered a biritual cemetery from the beginning
of the Late Iron Age (LT B2); the find of an inhumation grave with no finds might indicate that the burials already started in the Čurug phase, i.e. at the end of the Early Iron Age. Notable discovery include an Early La Tène cremation grave of a warrior and an inhumation grave of a woman that was richly furnished with items of costume and jewellery. Considering the earlier insights and the new finds, the burials in the cemetery probably started during the end of the Early Iron Age already, and continued uninterruptedly at the beginning of the Late Iron Age. Therefore, the trial excavations undertaken within the FEMINE project on the site of Lovas – A. Starčevića Street confirmed the assumption that it was an exceptionally important site from the turn of the Early and Late Iron Age, which will be crucial for the future research of this dynamic period, especially because, for the first time in northern Croatia, the excavations documented closed funerary complexes with finds and a related anthropological sample, which will enable the implementation of interdisciplinary bio-archaeological analyses.
of the Late Iron Age (LT B2); the find of an inhumation grave with no finds might indicate that the burials already started in the Čurug phase, i.e. at the end of the Early Iron Age. Notable discovery include an Early La Tène cremation grave of a warrior and an inhumation grave of a woman that was richly furnished with items of costume and jewellery. Considering the earlier insights and the new finds, the burials in the cemetery probably started during the end of the Early Iron Age already, and continued uninterruptedly at the beginning of the Late Iron Age. Therefore, the trial excavations undertaken within the FEMINE project on the site of Lovas – A. Starčevića Street confirmed the assumption that it was an exceptionally important site from the turn of the Early and Late Iron Age, which will be crucial for the future research of this dynamic period, especially because, for the first time in northern Croatia, the excavations documented closed funerary complexes with finds and a related anthropological sample, which will enable the implementation of interdisciplinary bio-archaeological analyses.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), and 8 moreIron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, and Early La Tène
The continuation of the rescue excavations on the site of Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje included the western slope of the central part of the elevation where there were cremation graves of the La Tène culture. The graves that stand out for... more
The continuation of the rescue excavations on the site of Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje included the western slope of the central part of the elevation where there were cremation graves of the La Tène culture. The graves that stand out for their size and the depth of their pits are LT 122 and LT 125, with small piles of cremated bones lying next to ceramic vessels and weaponry items such as swords in scabbards, spears, and shield bosses. The excavations also uncovered two graves where the only weaponry item was a single spear. In female graves, aside from ceramic vessels, there were costume and jewellery items; a grave of particular notice is LT 123, damaged by ploughing, which contained the remains of three ceramic vessels and parts of a bronze belt of the “Hungarian” type with rectangular segments. The typological characteristics of the found weaponry and costume and jewellery items date the graves to LT C2 phase (Mokronog IIb).
Research Interests:
As part of the project Archaeological Heritage of Baranya, an excavation of the Batina – Sredno site has been carried out. Previously conducted research has provided valuable data on the life of a prosperous community from the Late Bronze... more
As part of the project Archaeological Heritage of Baranya, an excavation of the Batina – Sredno site has been carried out. Previously conducted research has provided valuable data on the life of a prosperous
community from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, and has brought
new insights into the life of inhabitants of the Ad Militare fort located
on the Danube limes. The aim of the research, undertaken in the northeastern part of the Sredno site, was to compare the results of geomagnetic research conducted in 2016 with the actual situation of the site. The results of geomagnetic research have accurately located all the objects found in the investigated trenches, though in some cases the interpretation differed from those actually found, indicating that it is not possible to interpret the results of non-destructive research methods without taking archaeological excavations. In addition to the discovery of eight Roman cremation and inhumation burials from the time of Severi, the discovery of a large prehistoric object is particularly important, which is also recognized during the geomagnetic survey, whose future excavation will show if it is a remain of an older or younger prehistoric settlement in relation to the cemetery of the Dalj group. Burials of fallen soldiers from the time of the Battle of Batina in World War II were also found which also show that the strategic importance of Batina was recognized in later times and that it remains until present.
community from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, and has brought
new insights into the life of inhabitants of the Ad Militare fort located
on the Danube limes. The aim of the research, undertaken in the northeastern part of the Sredno site, was to compare the results of geomagnetic research conducted in 2016 with the actual situation of the site. The results of geomagnetic research have accurately located all the objects found in the investigated trenches, though in some cases the interpretation differed from those actually found, indicating that it is not possible to interpret the results of non-destructive research methods without taking archaeological excavations. In addition to the discovery of eight Roman cremation and inhumation burials from the time of Severi, the discovery of a large prehistoric object is particularly important, which is also recognized during the geomagnetic survey, whose future excavation will show if it is a remain of an older or younger prehistoric settlement in relation to the cemetery of the Dalj group. Burials of fallen soldiers from the time of the Battle of Batina in World War II were also found which also show that the strategic importance of Batina was recognized in later times and that it remains until present.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Gradski muzej Vinkovci i Institut za Arheologiju u Zagrebu pozivaju Vas na 3. okrugli stol "Recentna arheološka istraživanja u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji" koji će se održati 14.3.2018. s početkom u 9.30 sati Gradski muzej Vinkovci... more
Gradski muzej Vinkovci i Institut za Arheologiju u Zagrebu
pozivaju Vas na 3. okrugli stol
"Recentna arheološka istraživanja u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji"
koji će se održati 14.3.2018. s početkom u 9.30 sati
Gradski muzej Vinkovci
Zgrada Arheološkoga odjela, Knjižnica
Vinkovci
pozivaju Vas na 3. okrugli stol
"Recentna arheološka istraživanja u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji"
koji će se održati 14.3.2018. s početkom u 9.30 sati
Gradski muzej Vinkovci
Zgrada Arheološkoga odjela, Knjižnica
Vinkovci
Research Interests:
lnstitut za arheologiju ima čast pozvati Vas na javno predstavljanje istraživačkog projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost "Željeznodobni ženski identiteti u južnom dijelu Karpatske kotline - Femine"(IP-06-2016-1749) u četvrtak, 18. svibnja... more
lnstitut za arheologiju ima čast pozvati Vas na javno predstavljanje istraživačkog projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost "Željeznodobni ženski identiteti u južnom dijelu Karpatske kotline - Femine"(IP-06-2016-1749)
u četvrtak, 18. svibnja 2017. godine u 11.30 sati u knjižnici
Instituta za arheologiju, Ljudevita Gaja 32, Zagreb
u četvrtak, 18. svibnja 2017. godine u 11.30 sati u knjižnici
Instituta za arheologiju, Ljudevita Gaja 32, Zagreb
Research Interests:
16. 1. 2017.
Institut za arheologiju ima čast pozvati Vas na okrugli stol s temom
Mrtvačko ruho
koji će se održati u knjižnici Instituta za arheologiju
u utorak, 17. siječnja 2017. u 9.30 sati
Institut za arheologiju ima čast pozvati Vas na okrugli stol s temom
Mrtvačko ruho
koji će se održati u knjižnici Instituta za arheologiju
u utorak, 17. siječnja 2017. u 9.30 sati