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Tarea Calificada 2 - Calculo PARA LA TOMA DE Decisiones
Calculo para la toma de desiciones (Universidad Tecnológica del Perú)
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UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DEL PERÚ
CÁLCULO PARA LA TOMA DE
DECISIONES
TAREA CALIFICADA 2
Presentan los alumnos:
• CHAVEZ ACUÑA, Madeleine Cod: U19215779
• PAICO CCAHUA, Rodolfo Cod: U19216973
• RUPAY ESPINO, John Cod: U19303181
• VALDIVIESO ESPINOZA, Tomas Cod: U17307658
Lima 13 de Mayo del 2021
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Tarea Calificada 2
Ejercicios
1. Halle la transformada de Laplace de:
a. 𝑓(𝑡) = 3𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 3 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (3𝑡)
1 1
• Usar la siguiente identidad: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥 ) = − cos(2𝑥 )
2 2
1 1
= 𝐿 {2 ( − cos(2 ∗ 3𝑡) ) + 3𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 3 }
2 2
= 𝐿{1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(6𝑡) + 3𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 3 }
• Por propiedad de linealidad:
1
= 𝐿{1} − 𝐿{cos(6𝑡)} + 3𝐿{𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 3 } ⟹ 𝐿{1}:
𝑠
𝑠
⟹ 𝐿{cos(6𝑡)}:
𝑠2 + 36
6
⟹ 3𝐿{𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 3 }:
(𝑠 − 2)4
1 𝑠 6 1 𝑠 18
= − 2 +3∗ 4
⟹ − 2 +
𝑠 𝑠 + 36 (𝑠 − 2) 𝑠 𝑠 + 36 (𝑠 − 2)4
b. 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 3𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑡)
𝑑
• Regla de la transformada: si 𝐿{𝑓(𝑡)} ; entonces {𝑡 𝑘 𝑓(𝑡)} = (−1)𝑘 (𝑓(𝑠))
𝑑𝑠 𝑘
𝑡𝑒 3𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑡) ⟹ 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒3𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑡) ⟹ 𝑘 = 1
2
𝐿{𝑒3𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑡)}:
(𝑠 − 3)2 + 4
𝑑 2 4(𝑠 − 3)
( 2
)= 2
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 3) + 4 (𝑠 − 6𝑠 + 13)2
4(𝑠 − 3)
= (−1)1 (− )
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 13)2
4(𝑠 − 3)
=
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 13)2
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2. Halle la transformada inversa de Laplace de:
𝑆 2 −4
a. 𝐹(𝑆) = 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑆 2 +9
1 −1 2𝑆 2𝑆 1 2𝑆 2𝑆
𝐿 [− ( 2 − )] ⟹ (𝐿−1 [ 2 − ])
𝑡 𝑆 − 4 𝑆2 + 9 𝑡 𝑆 + 9 𝑆2 − 4
2 −1 𝑆 𝑆
⟹ (𝐿 [ 2 ] − 𝐿−1 [ 2 ])
𝑡 𝑆 +9 𝑆 −4
2
⟹ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − cosh 2𝑡)
𝑡
3𝑠+2
b. 𝐹(𝑆) = (𝑆 2
∗𝑆)(𝑆 2 +1)
𝑡
3𝑠 + 2 3𝑠 + 2
𝐿−1 [ 3 2 ] = ∫ 𝐿−1 [ 2 2 ] 𝑑𝑡
𝑆 (𝑆 + 1) 0 𝑆 (𝑆 + 1)
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
3𝑠 + 2 3𝑠 + 2
∫ ∫ 𝐿−1 [ ] 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝐿−1 [ ] 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0 𝑆(𝑆 2 + 1) 0 0 0 𝑆2 + 1
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
3𝑠 2 5 1
∫ ∫ ∫ (𝐿−1 [ 2 + 2 ] 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ∫ ∫ (3𝐿−1 [ 2 + 2𝐿−1 [ 2 ]] 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 𝑆 +1 𝑆 +1 0 0 0 𝑆 +1 𝑆 +1
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
∫ ∫ ∫ (3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0 0
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
∫ ∫ (3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡) / 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ∫ (3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑒𝑛0° + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠0°)𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 0 0
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
( )
∫ ∫ 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ (−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 2) / 𝑑𝑡
0 0 0 0
𝑡
∫ (−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠0° + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛0° + 2(0) 𝑑𝑡
0
𝑡 𝑡
∫ (−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 2𝑡 + 3)𝑑𝑡 ⟹ (−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡 2 + 3) /
0 0
(−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑡 + 3𝑠𝑒𝑛(0°) − 2 cos(0°) + (0°)2 − 3(0°)
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 − 2
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3. Halle el radio e intervalo de convergencia de la seria
∞
(−1)𝑛 (𝑥 − 1)𝑛
∑
2𝑛 𝑛 2
𝑛=0
• Usando el criterio de la razón:
2 2
(−1)(𝑥−1)
• 𝜕𝑛 = 𝑛 2
2 ∗𝑛
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
(−1) (𝑥−1)
• 𝜕𝑛 + 1 = 𝑛+1 2
2 ∗(𝑛+1)
Sabemos:
𝜕𝑛+1
lim | | = 𝐿 < 1 ← 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑒
𝑛→∞ 𝜕𝑛
(−1)𝑛 (1)1 (𝑥 − 1)𝑛 (𝑥 − 1)
22 ∗ 2 (𝑛 + 1)2
lim | |
𝑛→∞ (−1)𝑛 (−𝑥 − 1)2
2𝑛 ∗ 𝑛 2
(−1)(𝑥 − 1)
2(𝑛 + 1)2 𝑛2 (𝑥 − 1) 1 𝑛2
⟹ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 | | ⟹ lim | |= lim | | 1𝑥 − 11
1 𝑛⟶∞ 2(𝑛 + 1)2 2 𝑛⟶∞ (𝑛 + 1)2
𝑛 2
2
𝑛
|𝑥 − 1| 𝑛 2 |𝑥 − 1|
⟹ lim ( ) ⟹ ∗ lim ( 𝑛 )
2 𝑛⟶∞ 𝑛 + 1 2 𝑛⟶∞ 𝑛 1
+
𝑛 𝑛
2
|𝑥 − 1| 1 |𝑥 − 1|
⟹ ∗ lim ( ) ⟹ ∗ (1)
2 𝑛⟶∞ 1 2
1+
𝑛
|𝑥 − 1|
⟹ <1
2
−2 < 𝑥 − 1 < 2 𝑅=2
⟹ |𝑥 − 1| < 2 ⟹ ;
−1 < 𝑥 < 3
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4. Halle la seria de McLaurin para 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛(2𝑥 + 1)
Solución:
Como piden la seria de McLaurin, entonces sabemos que su centro es:
Sabemos:
𝑓′ (𝑎) 𝑓′′ (𝑎) 𝑓′′′ (𝑎) 𝑓′′′′ (𝑎)
𝑃𝑛(𝑥) ≈ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑎) + −𝑥+ 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4
1! 2! 3! 4!
Entonces:
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝐿𝑛(2𝑥 + 1)
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑓(0) = 0
2𝑥 + 1
0(2 ∗ 4) − 2(2) −4 𝑓 ′ (0) = 2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = 2
=
(2𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 + 1)2 𝑓 ′′ (0) = −4
0(2𝑥 + 1)2 + 4 ∗ 2(2𝑥 + 1) ∗ 2 16 𝑓 ′′′ (0) = 16
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = 4
=
(2𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 4 (0) = −96
0(2𝑥 + 1 )3 − 16 ∗ 3(2𝑥 + 1 )2 ∗2 −96
𝑓 4 (𝑥 ) = = 𝑓 5 (0) = 768
(2𝑥 + 1)6 (2𝑥 + 1)4
0(2𝑥 + 1)4 + 96 ∗ 4(2𝑥 + 1)3 ∗ 2 768
𝑓 5 (𝑥 ) = =
(2𝑥 + 1)8 (2𝑥 + 1)5
Reemplazando: En la seria de McLaurin
4 2 16 3 96 4 768 5
⟹ 0 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 . . . . .
2! 3! 4! 5!
8 32
⟹ 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 4 + 𝑥 5 . . . . .
3 5
2 4𝑥 2 8𝑥 3 16𝑥 4 32𝑥 5
⟹ 𝑥− + − − . . . . .
1 2 3 4 5
∝
(−1)𝑛−1 ∗ 2𝑛 ∗ 𝑥 𝑛
⟹∑
𝑛
𝑛=1
∝
(−1)𝑛−1 ∗ (2𝑥)𝑛
⟹∑
𝑛
𝑛=1
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5. Resuelve la ecuación 𝑦 ′′ = −7𝑥𝑦 = 0 viendo series de potenciar
∝ ∝ ∝
𝑛 ′′ 𝑛−1
𝑦 = ∑ 𝐶2 𝑥 ∧ 𝑦 ∑ 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 ∧ 𝑦 = ∑ 𝑛 (𝑛 − 1) 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−2
′′
𝑛=0 𝑛=1 𝑛=2
⟹ 𝑦 ′′ − 7𝑥𝑦 = 0
∝ ∝
𝑛−2
∑ 𝑛 (𝑛 − 1) 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 − 7𝑥 ∑ 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 = 0
𝑛=2 𝑛=0
∝ ∝
𝑛−2
⟹ 2𝐶2 + ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1) 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 − ∑ 7 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−1 = 0
𝑛=3 𝑛=0
∝ ∝
𝑛+1
⟹ 2𝐶2 + ∑ (𝑛 + 3) )𝑛 + 2) 𝐶𝑛+3 𝑥 − ∑ 7 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−1 = 0
𝑛=0 𝑛=0
∝
⟹ 2𝐶2 + ∑ [(𝑛 + 3) (𝑛 + 2)𝐶𝑛+3 − 7𝐶𝑛 ] 𝑥 𝑛+1 = 0
𝑛=0
Ahora se igualarán los coeficientes:
• 2 𝐶2 = 0
𝐶2 = 0
• (𝑛 + 3)(𝑛 + 2) 𝐶𝑛+3 − 7 𝐶𝑛 = 0
7 𝐶𝑛 7 𝐶0
𝐶𝑛+3 = 𝑛 = 0 ⟹ 𝐶3 =
(𝑛 + 3)(𝑛 + 2) 3!
7 𝐶1 7 ∗ 2 14 𝐶1 7 ∗ 2
𝑛 = 1 ⟹ 𝐶4 = = 𝐶 = = 𝐶
4∗3 4! 1 4! 4! 1
7 𝐶2 7 ∗ (0)
𝑛 = 2 ⟹ 𝐶5 = = =0
5∗4 20
7 𝐶3 72 𝐶0 28 𝐶0 72 ∗ 4
𝑛 = 3 ⟹ 𝐶6 = = = = 𝐶0
6 ∗ 5 3! ∗ 6 ∗ 5 6! 6!
7 𝐶4 7 ∗ 14 𝐶1 72 ∗ 2 ∗ 5 𝐶1 72 ∗ 2 ∗ 5 𝐶1
𝑛 = 4 ⟹ 𝐶7 = = = =
7 ∗ 6 7 ∗ 6 ∗ 4! 7! 7!
7 𝐶5 7 ∗ (0)
𝑛 = 5 ⟹ 𝐶8 = = =0
8∗7 8∗7
7 𝐶 𝐶0 73 ∗ 4 ∗ 𝐶0 73 ∗ 4 ∗ 7 𝐶0
𝑛 = 6 ⟹ 𝐶9 = = =
9∗8 9 ∗ 8 ∗ 6! 9!
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• 𝐶3𝑛+2 = 0
7𝑛 ∗ (1∗4∗ (3𝑛+2) )
• 𝐶3𝑛 = (3𝑛)!
𝐶0
7𝑛 ∗ (2 ∗ 5∗ (3𝑛−1) )
• 𝐶3𝑛+1 = (3𝑛+1)!
𝐶1
⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶0 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + 𝐶3 𝑥 3 + 𝐶4 𝑥 4 + 𝐶5 𝑥 5 + 𝐶6 𝑥 6 + 𝐶7 𝑥 7 + 𝐶8 𝑥 8 + 𝐶9 𝑥 9
7 14 196 490 9604 9
⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶0 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶0 𝑥 3 + 𝐶1 𝑥 4 + 𝐶6 𝑥 6 + 𝐶1 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 + . . ..
3! 4! 6! 7! 9!
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