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斷

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 断
斷 U+65B7, 斷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B7
← 斶
[U+65B6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斸 →
[U+65B8]

Translingual

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Han character

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斷 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 女戈竹一中 (VIHML), four-corner 22721, composition ⿰㡭斤)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13611
  • Dae Jaweon: page 841, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2028, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+65B7

Chinese

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trad. 斷
simp. 断
alternative forms 𣃔

Glyph origin

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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”).

Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • tyun5 - vernacular;
  • dyun6 - literary.
Note:
  • dōng - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”);
  • duâng - literary (“to cut off”).
Note:
  • tn̄g/tňg/tūiⁿ - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”);
  • toān/toǎn - literary.
Note:
  • deng6 - vernacular;
  • duang6/duêng6 - literary.
Note:
Note:
  • donn3 - to intercept;
  • donn5 - to split(vernacular);
  • donn4 - to split(literary).
    Rime
    Character 斷 斷
    Reading # 2/3 1/3
    Initial (聲) 定 (7) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) I I
    Fanqie 徒管切 都管切
    Baxter dwanX twanX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/dʷɑnX/ /tʷɑnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dwanX/ /twanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/duɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/dʱuɑnX/ /tuɑnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		duàn duǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		dyun6 dyun2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 斷 斷
    Reading # 1/3 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		duàn duàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dwanX › ‹ twanX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-tˁo[n]ʔ/ /*tˁo[n]ʔ/
    English be cut in two cut in two

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 斷 斷
    Reading # 3/3 1/3
    No. 2540 2538
    Phonetic
    component         		斷 斷
    Rime
    group         		元 元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3 3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		斷 短
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doːnʔ/ /*toːnʔ/

    Definitions

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    斷

    1. to break; to snap; to cut
      他說他的手臂斷了。 [MSC, trad.]
      他说他的手臂断了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā shuō tā de shǒubì duàn le. [Pinyin]
      He said that he'd broken his arm.
      枝樹枝斷咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      枝树枝断咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      zi1 syu6 zi1 tyun5 zo2. [Jyutping]
      A tree branch broke.
    2. to cut off; to sever; to interrupt
      通話斷了。／通话断了。  ―  Tōnghuà duàn le.  ―  The line has gone dead.
      斷電／断电  ―  duàndiàn  ―  to experience a power outage
      斷交／断交  ―  duànjiāo  ―  to sever ties
    3. to give up; to abstain from; to quit
      斷煙／断烟  ―  duàn yān  ―  to quit smoking
      在孩子三個月大時，她給孩子斷了奶，並開始喂奶粉。 [MSC, trad.]
      在孩子三个月大时，她给孩子断了奶，并开始喂奶粉。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zài háizǐ sān ge yuè dà shí, tā gěi háizǐ duàn le nǎi, bìng kāishǐ wèi nǎifěn. [Pinyin]
      She weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk.
    4. (Hokkien) to not have; to be without; there is not

    Pronunciation 2

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    Note: dyun6 - variant used in compounds.
    Rime
    Character 斷
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 丁貫切
    Baxter twanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tuɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tʷɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tuɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/twanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/tuɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/tuɑnH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/tuɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		duàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		dyun3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 斷
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		duàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ twanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tˁo[n]ʔ-s/
    English cut off; decide

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 斷
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 2539
    Phonetic
    component         		斷
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		鍛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*toːns/

    Definitions

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    斷

    1. to judge; to decide; to determine; to settle
      判斷／判断  ―  pànduàn  ―  to decide, to determine
      這個案子很難斷。 [MSC, trad.]
      这个案子很难断。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè ge ànzi hěn nán duàn. [Pinyin]
      It is hard to judge this case.
    2. (chiefly in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly
    3. (Cantonese) to count in a certain unit
      啲菜係斷斤計定斷磅計㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      啲菜系断斤计定断磅计㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      di1 coi3 hai6 dyun3 gan1 gai3 ding6 dyun3 bong6 gai3 gaa3? [Jyutping]
      Are the vegetable's prices calculated based on catties or pounds?
    4. 29th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "decisiveness" (𝌢)

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		断

    Kyūjitai

    		斷

    Kanji

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    斷

    (Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 断)

    1. sever
    2. cut off
    3. interrupt

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    斷 (eumhun 끊을 단 (kkeuneul dan))

    1. hanja form? of 단 (“sever”)
    2. hanja form? of 단 (“cut off”)
    3. hanja form? of 단 (“interrupt”)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    斷: Hán Nôm readings: đoán, đoạn

    1. chữ Hán form of đoán (“to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine”).
    2. chữ Hán form of đoạn (“painful; broken off; to corner”).
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