攸

攸	U+6538, 攸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6538

Translingual

Han character

攸 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中人大 (OLOK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿲亻丨攵)

Descendants

修脩筱條㫍䀺跾倏儵悠鯈𠤼絛鋚

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 468, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13113
Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 132, character 1
Unihan data for U+6538

Chinese

simp. and trad.		攸
alternative forms		𣲏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 攸
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絛	*l̥ʰɯːw
窱	ʔl'ɯːwʔ, l̥ʰɯːws
蓧	l̥ʰɯːw, l'ɯːwɢ
條	*l'ɯːw
鋚	*l'ɯːw
鞗	*l'ɯːw
樤	*l'ɯːw
鰷	*l'ɯːw
莜	*l'ɯːws
翛	slɯːw, hljɯwɢ
筱	*slɯːwʔ
篠	*slɯːwʔ
修	*slɯw
脩	*slɯw
樇	*slɯw
滫	*slɯwʔ
悠	*lɯw
攸	*lɯw
浟	*lɯw
蓨	*l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌	*l'ɯːwɢ
儵	*hljɯwɢ
倐	*hljɯwɢ
倏	*hljɯwɢ
虪	*hljɯwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 + 攴. On the version on bronzes, some dots were added, perhaps indicating drops of water (水). There are two possible explanations:

According to the first theory and the version on oracle bones, it represents a person warned by a hand holding a stick symbolizing authority or indicating a stick to threat and beat somebody. Hence, it indicates "warning" (e.g., to fix an unacceptable behaviour) and it's the original version of 修.

However, partly in accordance with the interpretation of Xu Shen and the versions on bronzes, the second theory posits that it represents the act of pouring water on a person's back to wash it off and perform a purification ceremony. The original meaning is preserved in 滌. See also 𥁕.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōu (you¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hiu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iu / iû

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: you
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹
  - Yale: yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau⁴
  - Yale: yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu / iû
  - Tâi-lô: iu / iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw, iuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/, /iu²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/

Middle Chinese: yuw

Rime
Character	攸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*liw/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	攸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*liw/
English	place where
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15480
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/

Definitions

攸 (literary)

place; place where
- 王在靈囿，麀鹿攸伏，麀鹿濯濯，白鳥鶴鶴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏，麀鹿濯濯，白鸟鹤鹤。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wáng zài líng yòu, yōulù yōu fú, yōulù zhuózhuó, báiniǎo hèhè. [Pinyin]
  The king was in the marvelous menagerie, the place where the does resided. The does were sleek, the white birds were glistening.
what/that which is […] ; indicates the patient of the verb, synonym of 所 (suǒ)
四方攸同 ― sìfāng yōu tóng ― all is harmonious in the world

性命攸關／性命攸关 ― xìngmìng yōuguān ― a matter of life and death
- 汝不能敬命，予大罰殛之，無有攸赦。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  汝不能敬命，予大罚殛之，无有攸赦。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Rǔ bù néng jìng mìng, yǔ dà fá jí zhī, wú yǒu yōu shè. [Pinyin]
  Should you be unable to respect my command, I shall carry out the great penalty of execution for it. There will be no forgiveness.
- 忠不終而躬逆，焉攸令？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  忠不终而躬逆，焉攸令？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
  Zhōng bù zhōng ér gōng nì, yān yōu lìng? [Pinyin]
  One's loyalty is incomplete, and one rebels in person; how is that something good?
(ideophonic, of water) gently flowing
河水攸攸 ― héshuǐ yōuyōu ― the stream ebbs and flows
(ideophonic) sprinting; quick
攸然而逝 ― yōurán ér shì ― past and gone
(loanword, Taiwan) yocto- (SI unit prefix)
Alternative form of 悠 (yōu, “distant”)

Compounds

References

“攸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “攸”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

Kanji

攸

(Hyōgai kanji)

relaxed, at ease
place

Readings

Go-on: ゆ (yu)
Kan-on: ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kun: ところ (tokoro, 攸)

Korean

Hanja

攸 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

攸: Hán Nôm readings: du, đu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

SI prefix
Last		Next
介/仄	攸/幺	絨/柔／绒/柔