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Although the effects of automation on the future of work have received considerable attention, little research has been conducted on the costs of this technological transformation for different populations of workers. This article makes... more
Although the effects of automation on the future of work have received considerable attention, little research has been conducted on the costs of this technological transformation for different populations of workers. This article makes an important contribution as one of the first to analyze the intersectional effects of workforce automation across race and gender in the United States. Multilevel survey data models are employed using two distinct measures of automation job displacement risk for over 1.4 million Americans across 385 occupations. This research demonstrates that the intersection of race and gender matters for individual automation risks. Education, age, disability, and nativity are also significant. These findings indicate that labor market outcomes of job automation will be based not only on differences in human capital but critically on socially constructed identities as well.
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Support for far-left and far-right political parties has been on the rise across advanced democracies in recent years. This political polarization originates from a series of crises facing countries that have led to considerable social... more
Support for far-left and far-right political parties has been on the rise across advanced democracies in recent years. This political polarization originates from a series of crises facing countries that have led to considerable social and economic instability. While several studies identify commonalities in the voting bases of radical parties, this article analyzes differences in the demand-side preferences of far-left and far-right voters. Although radical party voters share a distrust and dissatisfaction with mainstream political institutions, the motivations underpinning voter support for far-left and far-right parties are markedly dissimilar. Analysis of data from eight successive European Social Survey rounds (2002-2016) across fifteen countries, demonstrates that while far-left voters are more attentive to socio-economic issues, centered around redistributive and egalitarian concerns, far-right voters are more focused on socio-cultural issues, related to national identity, culture, and immigration. Understanding which issues motivate support for far-left and far-right parties is important as shifts in public opinion over the perceived significance of key issues are likely to have different effects on the political fortunes of radical parties.
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The global financial crisis, which began in fall 2007, has had a profound impact on labor markets across advanced developed countries, resulting in dramatic increases in unemployment and economic instability in nearly every state. While... more
The global financial crisis, which began in fall 2007, has had a profound impact on labor markets across advanced developed countries, resulting in dramatic increases in unemployment and economic instability in nearly every state. While the negative effects of the crisis on domestic economies have been widespread, distributional outcomes have varied considerably among different labor market groups, particularly between men and women. The aim of this article is to analyze the gendered impact of the crisis on labor markets across the OECD, focusing on how women's position within social protection systems and labor market structures affected their employment in the wake of the Great Recession. Moreover, the analysis pays particular attention to the differential impact that post-crisis government policies have had on male and female workforce participation. We argue that while male workers were most hard-hit at the start of the economic crisis, the turn toward fiscal austerity policies as the recession continued-leading to deep and wide cuts to social benefits and public sector jobs and wages-has exposed women to greater employment instability. Such policies threaten to reverse gender equality progress made in the years building up to the crisis.
In the aftermath of the global economic crisis, the challenges facing welfare states are unprecedented. While government leaders have been in broad agreement that the severity of the recession called for decisive actions to limit the... more
In the aftermath of the global economic crisis, the challenges facing welfare states are unprecedented. While government leaders have been in broad agreement that the severity of the recession called for decisive actions to limit the costs of the crisis, national responses have differed significantly. This article seeks to explain these divergent patterns and answer the critical question: how has the crisis affected the politics of social spending across liberal welfare states? While political conflict over social spending may increase across all countries in the wake of an economic crises, partisanship is expected to have a stronger effect in liberal welfare states, due to weak automatic stabilizer effects and a reliance on discretionary spending. This research tests the effects of political parties on social spending across nine liberal welfare states (Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland, the UK, and the US) during the pre-crisis (1990-2007) and post-crisis (2008-2013) periods. It also provides in-depth analysis of the United States and the United Kingdom, two representative liberal welfare states who adopted highly dissimilar post-crisis social spending. The findings demonstrate that while political parties were not correlated with social spending during the pre-crisis period, after the global economic crisis they were significant in influencing social spending levels. This indicates an important shift in political dynamics across liberal welfare states over time that has not been fully accounted for by the existing literature.
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The populist radical right (PRR) United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), despite having limited representation in government, has nevertheless had an enormous and disruptive impact on the politics and policy agenda in the United Kingdom... more
The populist radical right (PRR) United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), despite having limited representation in government, has nevertheless had an enormous and disruptive impact on the politics and policy agenda in the United Kingdom in recent years. Although established as a single-issue anti-EU party, over time UKIP has embraced a wider PRR platform that connects its Euroscepticism to anti-immigration and health policies. UKIP has employed welfare chauvinist narratives to elevate anxieties over ‘health tourism’ and abuses of the national healthcare system by ‘outsiders’. This has placed pressure on mainstream parties to adopt aspects of its platform reflected, for example, in the adoption of Immigration Health Surcharges by the Conservative government. By co-opting UKIP positions, the Conservatives have enabled PRR ideas to influence health policy in the United Kingdom. The ascent of Boris Johnson as Conservative Party leader signals the continued sway of the PRR on British Health policy. The early response by Johnson’s government to the COVID-19 crisis, for instance, has raised concerns about the dangers that populism poses during a public health crisis. Ultimately, the PRR has reshaped British politics and has had a profound impact on UK health policy.
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This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic... more
This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic institutions?
The book offers a solid theory and conceptualization of technocratic politics and the technocratic challenge is analyzed empirically at all levels of the national and supra-national institutions and actors, such as cabinets, parties, the EU, independent bodies, central banks and direct democratic campaigns in a comparative and policy perspective. It takes an in-depth analysis addressing elitism, meritocracy, de-politicization, efficiency, neutrality, reliance on science and distrust toward party politics and ideologies, and their impact when pitched against democratic responsiveness, accountability, citizens' input and pluralist competition. In the current crisis of democracy, this book assesses the effects of the technocratic critique against representative institutions, which are perceived to be unable to deal with complex and global problems. It analyzes demands for competent and responsible policy making in combination with the simultaneous populist resistance to experts.
The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, policy analysis, multi-level governance as well as practitioners working in bureaucracies, media, think-tanks and policy making.
The book offers a solid theory and conceptualization of technocratic politics and the technocratic challenge is analyzed empirically at all levels of the national and supra-national institutions and actors, such as cabinets, parties, the EU, independent bodies, central banks and direct democratic campaigns in a comparative and policy perspective. It takes an in-depth analysis addressing elitism, meritocracy, de-politicization, efficiency, neutrality, reliance on science and distrust toward party politics and ideologies, and their impact when pitched against democratic responsiveness, accountability, citizens' input and pluralist competition. In the current crisis of democracy, this book assesses the effects of the technocratic critique against representative institutions, which are perceived to be unable to deal with complex and global problems. It analyzes demands for competent and responsible policy making in combination with the simultaneous populist resistance to experts.
The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, policy analysis, multi-level governance as well as practitioners working in bureaucracies, media, think-tanks and policy making.
Research Interests:
This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic... more
This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic institutions?
The book offers a solid theory and conceptualization of technocratic politics and the technocratic challenge is analyzed empirically at all levels of the national and supra-national institutions and actors, such as cabinets, parties, the EU, independent bodies, central banks and direct democratic campaigns in a comparative and policy perspective. It takes an in-depth analysis addressing elitism, meritocracy, de-politicization, efficiency, neutrality, reliance on science and distrust toward party politics and ideologies, and their impact when pitched against democratic responsiveness, accountability, citizens' input and pluralist competition. In the current crisis of democracy, this book assesses the effects of the technocratic critique against representative institutions, which are perceived to be unable to deal with complex and global problems. It analyzes demands for competent and responsible policy making in combination with the simultaneous populist resistance to experts.
The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, policy analysis, multi-level governance as well as practitioners working in bureaucracies, media, think-tanks and policy making.
The book offers a solid theory and conceptualization of technocratic politics and the technocratic challenge is analyzed empirically at all levels of the national and supra-national institutions and actors, such as cabinets, parties, the EU, independent bodies, central banks and direct democratic campaigns in a comparative and policy perspective. It takes an in-depth analysis addressing elitism, meritocracy, de-politicization, efficiency, neutrality, reliance on science and distrust toward party politics and ideologies, and their impact when pitched against democratic responsiveness, accountability, citizens' input and pluralist competition. In the current crisis of democracy, this book assesses the effects of the technocratic critique against representative institutions, which are perceived to be unable to deal with complex and global problems. It analyzes demands for competent and responsible policy making in combination with the simultaneous populist resistance to experts.
The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, policy analysis, multi-level governance as well as practitioners working in bureaucracies, media, think-tanks and policy making.
Research Interests:
Often hailed as the next technological revolution, nanotechnology is being pursued by countries aspiring to enhanced wealth and influence in world politics. Nanotechnologies are enabling technologies with the potential to significantly... more
Often hailed as the next technological revolution, nanotechnology is being pursued by countries aspiring to enhanced wealth and influence in world politics. Nanotechnologies are enabling technologies with the potential to significantly alter the modern world, from fields as far flung as warfare to industrial design to medicine to social and human engineering. Nanotech is not merely about size, it is about the unique physical, chemical, biological and optical properties that emerge naturally at the nanoscale and the ability to manipulate and engineer such effects. It is a broad new area of science, involving physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering at the nanoscale. Seizing the technological lead in nanotech is often viewed as an imperative for global economic competitiveness and 21st century defense. Technological change offers both hope and concern over national prosperity and security. It raises the prospects of tremendous increases in wealth, productivity, and quality and length of life. Technological change, however, can disrupt entire national and global industries and dramatically shift the relative wealth of nations if the technology in question is truly revolutionary. Technological change can restructure warfare and defense, empower non-state actors as well as states, and wreak destruction on human life and the environment.
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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the effects that EU economic integration has had on the social spending patterns of member states and on advancing the goals of ‘social Europe’. It explores general trends in social spending... more
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the effects that EU economic integration has had on the social spending patterns of member states and on advancing the goals of ‘social Europe’. It explores general trends in social spending across EU member states and identifies how these patterns have been influenced by EU institutions and policies and domestic political factors before and after the global economic crisis. It pays close attention to the effects of political partisanship on social and economic policies since the start of the crisis and the implications of these new dynamics for further EU integration. Whereas the EU integration process in the pre-crisis period was defined by a ‘permissive consensus’ which allowed elite actors to pursue ever greater union with broad, if tacit, public support, since the crisis a ‘constraining dissensus’ has emerged in which further integration has been subject to far greater political contestation (Hooghe and Marks 2009). The inherent asymmetries between EU economic and social governance and policy goals in many ways has enabled this growing politicization. This has raised serious questions about the input legitimacy of the EU, namely issues of democratic deficit, and output legitimacy in terms of the effectiveness of EU policy outcomes in providing social and economic stability for all people. This paper seeks to identify the challenges and politics of post-crisis developments regarding social spending and EU social and economic integration.
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: Often hailed as the next technological revolution, nanotechnology is being pursued by countries aspiring to enhanced wealth and influence in world politics. Nanotechnologies are enabling technologies with the potential to significantly... more
: Often hailed as the next technological revolution, nanotechnology is being pursued by countries aspiring to enhanced wealth and influence in world politics. Nanotechnologies are enabling technologies with the potential to significantly alter the modern world, from fields as far flung as warfare to industrial design to medicine to social and human engineering. Nanotech is not merely about size, it is about the unique physical, chemical, biological and optical properties that emerge naturally at the nanoscale and the ability to manipulate and engineer such effects. It is a broad new area of science, involving physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering at the nanoscale. Seizing the technological lead in nanotech is often viewed as an imperative for global economic competitiveness and 21st century defense. Technological change offers both hope and concern over national prosperity and security. It raises the prospects of tremendous increases in wealth, productivity...
Research Interests:
The populist radical right (PRR) United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), despite having limited representation in government, has nevertheless had an enormous and disruptive impact on the politics and policy agenda in the United Kingdom... more
The populist radical right (PRR) United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), despite having limited representation in government, has nevertheless had an enormous and disruptive impact on the politics and policy agenda in the United Kingdom in recent years. Although established as a single-issue anti-EU party, over time UKIP has embraced a wider PRR platform that connects its Euroscepticism to anti-immigration and health policies. UKIP has employed welfare chauvinist narratives to elevate anxieties over ‘health tourism’ and abuses of the national healthcare system by ‘outsiders’. This has placed pressure on mainstream parties to adopt aspects of its platform reflected, for example, in the adoption of Immigration Health Surcharges by the Conservative government. By co-opting UKIP positions, the Conservatives have enabled PRR ideas to influence health policy in the United Kingdom. The ascent of Boris Johnson as Conservative Party leader signals the continued sway of the PRR on British Health policy. The early response by Johnson’s government to the COVID-19 crisis, for instance, has raised concerns about the dangers that populism poses during a public health crisis. Ultimately, the PRR has reshaped British politics and has had a profound impact on UK health policy.
Research Interests:
Support for far-left and far-right political parties has been on the rise across advanced democracies in recent years. This political polarization originates from a series of crises facing countries that have led to considerable social... more
Support for far-left and far-right political parties has been on the rise across advanced democracies in recent years. This political polarization originates from a series of crises facing countries that have led to considerable social and economic instability. While several studies identify commonalities in the voting bases of radical parties, this article analyzes differences in the demand-side preferences of far-left and far-right voters. Although radical party voters share a distrust and dissatisfaction with mainstream political institutions, the motivations underpinning voter support for far-left and far-right parties are markedly dissimilar. Analysis of data from eight successive European Social Survey rounds (2002-2016) across fifteen countries, demonstrates that while far-left voters are more attentive to socio-economic issues, centered around redistributive and egalitarian concerns, far-right voters are more focused on socio-cultural issues, related to national identity, culture, and immigration. Understanding which issues motivate support for far-left and far-right parties is important as shifts in public opinion over the perceived significance of key issues are likely to have different effects on the political fortunes of radical parties.
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Within Europe, there has been the emergence of an EU-wide nanotechnology regulatory regime with regional authorities gaining greater decision-making power over a wide range of policy areas. However, despite the development of more... more
Within Europe, there has been the emergence of an EU-wide nanotechnology regulatory regime with regional authorities gaining greater decision-making power over a wide range of policy areas. However, despite the development of more comprehensive European nanotechnology policies, considerable variation remains in how member states implement these rules and regulations. In this article, we utilize a multi-level governance approach, to explore this seeming paradox in order to explain cross-national policy variation within a common European regulatory framework. This broader analytical approach allows us to account for the wide range of actors involved in European nanotechnology governance including, national governments, international organizations, research institutes, firms, and advocacy groups. Case study analysis of Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands emphasizes how differences in domestic policy styles explain variation in the implementation of nanotechnology regulatio...
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Research Interests: European Studies, Gender Studies, Economics, Comparative Politics, Feminist Theory, and 15 moreComparative Political Economy, Gender, Gender Equality, European Union, Feminism, Gender Roles, Comparative Welfare Systems, Employment, Feminist Political Economy, Financial Crisis, Feminist Political Theory, Economic Crisis, Global Finanical Crisis, Comparative European Politics, and Female Employment
Although some scholars argue that international norms have altered the motivations underlying state behavior, Russia’s intervention in Crimea suggests that states continue to pursue their national self-interest. While traditional realist... more
Although some scholars argue that international norms have altered the motivations underlying state behavior, Russia’s intervention in Crimea suggests that states continue to pursue their national self-interest. While traditional realist assumptions explain a great deal of state behavior, they do not adequately incorporate important alternative tools of state intervention, such as economic and normative strategies. We propose a model that explains the rational decision making of great powers in contemporary international affairs. Informed by realist assumptions of state behavior, our model incorporates additional variables to explain unconventional strategies used by states to further their national interests. Realist conceptions of national interest continue to dominate national policy making, however, military force is often no longer the sole, or even the primary, tool used to accomplish those interests. In our model, this shift in tool usage is dependent upon the cost of each strategy to state actors. Based on the nature of the international system and a state’s power position in the system, a state will weigh the costs and benefits of an array of tools in order to pursue their security interests at the lowest possible cost. These insights may prove critical to responding to future international crises.
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The Social Democratic victory in the 2019 Danish general election was a surprising and notable event. The election stands out as an important win for Social Democrats as this party family has experienced a significant decline in voter... more
The Social Democratic victory in the 2019 Danish general election was a surprising and notable event. The election stands out as an important win for Social Democrats as this party family has experienced a significant decline in voter support across Europe in recent decades. At the same time, the election was marked by controversy as Denmark’s Social Democrats not only doubled-down on their traditional support for the welfare state but also took a sharp turn to the right on immigration policies. This article analyses the effects of political systems, ideology and polarisation, as well as issue salience and framing on party strategies. These variables help to account for the abrupt policy shift adopted by the Social Democrats in Denmark and why similar anti-immigration platforms were not embraced by Social Democratic parties in other Nordic countries. Further examination of voter survey data suggests that the adoption of stronger anti-immigration policies is likely to be an ineffecti...
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Free Open Access Available at: https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/cz30pv68w
Research Interests:
This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic... more
This book represents the first comprehensive study of how technocracy currently challenges representative democracy and asks how technocratic politics undermines democratic legitimacy. How strong is its challenge to democratic institutions? The book offers a solid theory and conceptualization of technocratic politics and the technocratic challenge is analyzed empirically at all levels of the national and supra-national institutions and actors, such as cabinets, parties, the EU, independent bodies, central banks and direct democratic campaigns in a comparative and policy perspective. It takes an in-depth analysis addressing elitism, meritocracy, de-politicization, efficiency, neutrality, reliance on science and distrust toward party politics and ideologies, and their impact when pitched against democratic responsiveness, accountability, citizens' input and pluralist competition. In the current crisis of democracy, this book assesses the effects of the technocratic critique against representative institutions, which are perceived to be unable to deal with complex and global problems. It analyzes demands for competent and responsible policy making in combination with the simultaneous populist resistance to experts. The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, policy analysis, multi-level governance as well as practitioners working in bureaucracies, media, think-tanks and policy making.
Research Interests:
Free Open Access Available at: https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/cz30pv68w