Investigating the Long-Range Transport of Aerosol Plumes Following the Amazon Fires (August 2019): A Multi-Instrumental Approach from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations
<p>Map of the study area (Southern America, Atlantic Ocean, Southern Africa and South-West Indian Ocean), together with study sites depicted with red circles (see the legend).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Monthly fire pixels averaged over the 2002–2019 period from MODIS over Brazil. The vertical bars show the ±1σ variations. (<b>b</b>) July (in orange) and August (in red) cumulated fire pixels as detected by MODIS over Brazil from 2015 to 2019.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>AOD at 550 nm (<b>on left panels</b>) and CO total columns (<b>on right panels</b>) from MODIS and IASI observations for the same selected dates (2, 9, 17 and 20 August 2019). MODIS AOD values are obtained by averaging observations from 3 consecutive days.</p> "> Figure 3 Cont.
<p>AOD at 550 nm (<b>on left panels</b>) and CO total columns (<b>on right panels</b>) from MODIS and IASI observations for the same selected dates (2, 9, 17 and 20 August 2019). MODIS AOD values are obtained by averaging observations from 3 consecutive days.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>CO time evolution during August 2019, over (<b>a</b>) Manicoré (5.8°S, 61.3°W), (<b>b</b>) São Paulo (23.5°S, 46.6°W) and (<b>c</b>) Santa Maria (29.4°S, 53.8°W) sites, as seen by IASI instrument. CO total columns are given in the upper panels, while CO concentrations at tropospheric heights (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 km) are in the lower panels (according to the legend). For comparison, the August-2018 CO columns are superimposed in blue in the upper plots.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Daily mean AOD values at 550 nm wavelength obtained by sun-photometer and MODIS at (<b>a</b>) São Paulo (Brazil) and (<b>b</b>) Santa Cruz (Bolivia). The study period is highlighted in grey. For comparison with the background situation, monthly mean sun-photometer over the 2016–2018 period are superimposed (continuous black lines) and framed with ±σ (see the legend). The green lines depict the Angström Exponent (given on the right vertical axe) for 440 and 675 nm wavelengths.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>LiDAR corrected signal time-height cross-sections (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>), and the associated averaged Range Corrected signal profiles (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>) at 532 nm as recorded at São Paulo (Brazil) on 2nd and 18th August 2019, respectively. The red lines indicate the molecular contribution to the total backscattered signals.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Same as <a href="#remotesensing-12-03846-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>, but for (<b>a</b>) Cape Point (34.58°S, 18.83°E) and (<b>b</b>) Reunion island (21.18°S, 55.88°E) sites.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Hourly CO values (blue stares symbols) recorded by the Picarro instrument at Cape Point GAW station during August 2019. The red curve represents a 5-h running average. (<b>b</b>) Map distribution of CO total columns from IASI observations on 14 August 2019.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>FLEXPART backward dispersion in terms of CO Emission Sensitivity for the two events. Simulations of event-1 (8 -14 August) are on the left panels, while simulations of event-2 (14–22 August) are on the right panels. Both simulations were made at consecutive atmospheric layers: (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) at 0–2 km (upper), (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) at 2–4 km (intermediate), (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) at 4–6 km (bottom).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Observations and Data Sets
2.1. Detection of Fire Pixels by MODIS
2.2. CO Measurements from IASI
2.3. Aerosols Measurements from Ground
2.3.1. Sun-Photometer Data
2.3.2. IPEN LiDAR at Sao Paulo
2.3.3. The Picarro Instrument
2.4. FLEXPART Model
3. Results
3.1. Fire Records from MODIS
3.2. Carbon Monoxide and AOD Variations
4. Transatlantic Transport
4.1. Evidence from CO and Aerosol Distributions
CO from ground-based observations at Cape Point
4.2. Transport and FLEXPART Simulations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bencherif, H.; Bègue, N.; Kirsch Pinheiro, D.; du Preez, D.J.; Cadet, J.-M.; da Silva Lopes, F.J.; Shikwambana, L.; Landulfo, E.; Vescovini, T.; Labuschagne, C.; et al. Investigating the Long-Range Transport of Aerosol Plumes Following the Amazon Fires (August 2019): A Multi-Instrumental Approach from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223846
Bencherif H, Bègue N, Kirsch Pinheiro D, du Preez DJ, Cadet J-M, da Silva Lopes FJ, Shikwambana L, Landulfo E, Vescovini T, Labuschagne C, et al. Investigating the Long-Range Transport of Aerosol Plumes Following the Amazon Fires (August 2019): A Multi-Instrumental Approach from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(22):3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223846
Chicago/Turabian StyleBencherif, Hassan, Nelson Bègue, Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro, David Jean du Preez, Jean-Maurice Cadet, Fábio Juliano da Silva Lopes, Lerato Shikwambana, Eduardo Landulfo, Thomas Vescovini, Casper Labuschagne, and et al. 2020. "Investigating the Long-Range Transport of Aerosol Plumes Following the Amazon Fires (August 2019): A Multi-Instrumental Approach from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations" Remote Sensing 12, no. 22: 3846. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223846