Derivation of Hyperspectral Profile of Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for Use in Sensor Calibration
"> Figure 1
<p>K-Means Classification of North Africa to 5% Spatial Uncertainty.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Hyperion coverage over North Africa.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Number of hyperspectral spectra over different North African clusters.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Extent of cluster 13 over North Africa. Blue color represents cluster 13 pixels. Black rectangle boxed represent the regions used for validation.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Number of hyperspectral spectra corresponding to each WRS-2 Paths and Row of Cluster 13.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Cluster 13 Binary Masks: (<b>a</b>) Path/ Row 181/40 (Libya 4), (<b>b</b>) Path/ Row 179/41 (Egypt 1) (<b>c</b>) Path/ Row 182/42 (<b>d</b>) Path/Row 198/47. Black pixels represent Cluster 13 pixels from the Hyperion images.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Corrections applied to the hyperspectral profile. Red symbols represent the original spectrum and cyan symbols represent the corrected hyperspectral data. Highly absorption wavelength ranges are not displayed in the figure.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Hyperspectral data of cluster 13. Green represents the spectra from EO-1’s launch to 2007. Blue represents the spectra from 2008 through 2015 and red represent the spectral from 2016 to its decommissioning in March 2017. Highly absorption wavelength ranges are not displayed in the figure and vertical dashed lines represent typical wavelength ranges of Coastal, Blue, Green, Red, NIR, SWIR 1, and SWIR 2 bands used for remote sensing purposes.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Absolute difference between the individual normalized hyperspectral data with the mean Cluster 13 hyperspectral data.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 13 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Range of TOA reflectance at absorptions wavelength, 950 nm (left) and 1150 nm (right).</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Comparison of a representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 13 and hyperspectral measurements having different water vapor content. The green curve represents the normalized hyperspectral profile of Cluster 13. The red curve represents the hyperspectral measurement corresponds to higher water vapor content whereas the black curve represents the hyperspectral measurement corresponding to lower water vapor content. (Error bars = 2 sigma).</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Histogram of TOA reflectance of the Cluster 13 Hyperion images at 437 nm.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Comparison of the representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 13 with the hyperspectral measurements corresponding to low and high aerosol concentration. The green curve represents the normalized hyperspectral profile of Cluster 13. The red curve represents the hyperspectral spectral corresponds to low aerosol concentration higher water vapor content whereas and the black curve represents the hyperspectral spectrum corresponds to higher aerosol concentration (error bars = 2 sigma).</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 4 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 1 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Validation of hyperspectral spectrum of Cluster 13.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Validation of hyperspectral spectrum of Cluster 4.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Validation of hyperspectral spectrum of Cluster 1.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>Cluster 13 binary masks (<b>a</b>) Sentinel 2A MSI Libya 4 (<b>b</b>) Sentinel 2A MSI Egypt 1 (<b>c</b>) Landsat 7 Libya 4 (<b>d</b>) Landsat 7 Egypt 1. Black color pixel represents the Cluster 13 pixels.</p> "> Figure 21
<p>Plot of simulated multispectral SBAF/Multispectral TOA Reflectance Ratio Comparison (1 sigma).</p> "> Figure 22
<p>Comparison of the hyperspectral profile of different clusters with its temporal uncertainty (1-sigma). The solid hexagrams represent a representative hyperspectral profile of a cluster and its corresponding temporal uncertainty is represented by the solid circle of the same color.</p> "> Figure 23
<p>Comparison of resultant standard deviation (1 sigma) of clusters 13 and 4. The blue and red symbols represent the resultant standard deviation of clusters 13 and 4.</p> "> Figure 24
<p>Comparison of temporal uncertainty of all 19 clusters of North Africa.</p> "> Figure A1
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 2 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A2
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 3 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A3
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 5 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A4
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 6 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A5
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 7 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A6
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 8 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A7
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 9 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A8
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 10 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A9
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 11 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A10
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 12 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A11
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 14 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A12
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 15 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A13
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 16 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A14
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 17 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A15
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 18 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> "> Figure A16
<p>Estimated representative hyperspectral profile of Cluster 19 and its resultant uncertainty.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Limitation of Region of Interest (ROI) Based Cross-Calibration Approach
1.2. Proposed Solution to the ROI Based Cross-Calibration Approach
1.3. EPICS Based Absolute Calibration Model
1.4. Hyperion Sensor Description and Previous Radiometric Calibration Performance
2. Methodology
2.1. Hyperion Acquisitions Over North Africa
2.2. Collection of Hyperspectral Data for Cluster 13
2.3. Hyperspectral Data for Cluster 13
2.3.1. Data Filtering
2.3.2. Corrections to Hyperspectral Data
Drift correction and Calibration Gain/Bias Application
Four Angle Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) Correction
Estimation of a Representative Cluster 13 Hyperspectral Profile
3. Results
3.1. Pre-processing of Hyperspectral Profiles of Cluster 13
3.2. Collection of Hyperspectral Profiles of Cluster 13
3.3. Investigation of Relative Change of HyperSpectral Profiles of Cluster 13
3.4. Estimation of a Representative Hyperspectral Profile of Cluster 13
3.5. Impact of Atmospheric Parameters on the Hyperspectral Measurements of Cluster 13
3.5.1. Water Vapor
3.5.2. Aerosol
3.6. Estimation of a Representative Hyperspectral Profile for Different Reflectance Clusters
3.7. Validation of the Estimated Hyperspectral Profile for Cluster 13
3.7.1. Hyperspectral Domain
3.7.2. Multispectral Domain
4. Discussion
- Perform EPICS based cross-calibration and compare it to the cross-calibration gain and bias obtained from an ROI-based cross-calibration approach.
- Generate a cluster-based absolute calibration model and compare its performance to the current absolute calibration model derived for an individual PICS. In contrast to the current approach, the cluster-based approach could potentially offer calibration of any optical satellite sensor on a daily or near-daily basis.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Shrestha, M.; Hasan, N.; Leigh, L.; Helder, D. Derivation of Hyperspectral Profile of Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for Use in Sensor Calibration. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192279
Shrestha M, Hasan N, Leigh L, Helder D. Derivation of Hyperspectral Profile of Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for Use in Sensor Calibration. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(19):2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192279
Chicago/Turabian StyleShrestha, Mahesh, Nahid Hasan, Larry Leigh, and Dennis Helder. 2019. "Derivation of Hyperspectral Profile of Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for Use in Sensor Calibration" Remote Sensing 11, no. 19: 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192279