Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia
<p>Flow chart of available measurements in the BioPersMed study participants: PP: physical performance; HGS: handgrip strength; DXA: energy X-ray absorptiometry; dp-ucMGP: dephosphorylated, uncarboxylated matrix-GLA-protein; n: number.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Dp-ucMGP levels in persons with and without reduced muscle mass or physical performance. Dark grey box plots represent the presence of decreased muscle mass or physical performance, whereas light grey boxes represent their absence. Dp-ucMGP: dephosphorylated, uncarboxylated Matrix-GLA-protein; pmol: picomol; L: liters, n: number; ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; AMMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; HGS: handgrip strength. Stars represent high extreme values and light or dark grey dots high potential outliers.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Circulating dp-ucMGP levels and correlations with sarcopenia-relevant parameters in all (<b>A</b>) and normal and overweight/obese (<b>B</b>) individuals. Correlation analysis between circulating dp-ucMGP and muscle parameters. Spearman’s rho (ρ) and <span class="html-italic">p</span> values are indicated. In all individuals, the 95% confidence interval is indicated by light grey lines. HGS: handgrip strength; ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; AMMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; BMI: body mass index; kg: kilogram; min: minutes, L: liter; nw: normal weight; ow: overweight; ob: obese.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for prevalent sarcopenia features according to dp-ucMGP quartiles in 700 study participants. Adjustment: age [years], alcohol consumption [drinks per week], smoking [pack years] and cardiorespiratory fitness. Boxes with darkening shades of grey represent the dp-ucMGP quartiles.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Description of Study Participants
3.2. Dp-ucMGP Levels in Sarcopenia
3.3. Dp-ucMGP Serum Levels and Sarcopenia-Related Parameters
3.4. Analysis of Dp-ucMGP Quartiles in Sarcopenia
3.4.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Subgroups
3.4.2. Dp-ucMGP and Sarcopenia Risk
4. Discussion
- Dp-ucMGP plasma levels correlate with the parameters of the three main tissues involved in sarcopenia development (muscle, fat and bone)
- Dp-ucMGP plasma levels correlate with sarcopenia parameters
- ○
- gait speed, ASM and AMMI in all study participants
- ○
- gait speed in sarcopenic participants
- ○
- gait speed, HGS and ASM in all overweight/obese participants
- ○
- gait speed in normal-weight sarcopenic participants
- Dp-ucMGP plasma levels are lower in persons with sarcopenia defined by AMMI and ASM in all persons and higher in persons with reduced physical performance.
- Persons in dp-ucMGP quartile 1 have the highest odds ratio for reduced muscle mass, decreasing with each quartile.
- Persons in dp-ucMGP quartile 4 tend to have the highest risk of reduced muscle strength
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Definition of Sarcopenia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unit | Calculation | Cut-Off Values | Reference | ||
males | females | ||||
HGS | kg | direct measurement | <27 | <16 | [27] |
AMMI | kg/m2 | ASM/height2 | <7 | <5.5 | [28] |
ASM | kg | lean mass of arms and legs–bone mass of arms and legs | <20 | <15 | [29] |
gait speed | m/s | direct measurement | ≤0.8 m/s | [30] | |
[31] | |||||
400 m walk test | min | direct measurement | non-completion or ≥6 min for completion | [32] |
All Individuals | Sarcopenia According to AMMI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 753 | no | n = 651 | yes | n = 102 | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-Value | |
age [years] | 57.1 | 8.7 | 56.6 | 8.2 | 57.8 | 8.7 | 0.204 |
Muscle parameters | |||||||
HGS weaker hand [kg] | 31.8 | 10.8 | 32.2 | 10.9 | 29.5 | 9.8 | 0.019 |
gait speed [min] | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.297 |
ASM [kg] | 21.1 | 5.2 | 21.8 | 5.1 | 17.0 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
AMMI [kg/m2] | 7.3 | 1.3 | 7.5 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
Fat parameters | |||||||
fat mass [kg] | 26.6 | 9.3 | 27.5 | 9.4 | 20.7 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
waist-to-height ratio | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.48 | 0.06 | <0.001 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 26.5 | 4.6 | 27.1 | 4.4 | 22.5 | 2.6 | <0.001 |
Bone parameters | |||||||
BMD [mg/cm3] | 1.19 | 0.13 | 1.20 | 0.13 | 1.15 | 0.13 | 0.001 |
T-score | 0.61 | 1.13 | 0.67 | 1.12 | 0.23 | 1.10 | <0.001 |
All Individuals | Sarcopenia According to AMMI | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Weight | Overweight/Obese | Normal Weight | Overweight/Obese | |||||
CC | p-value | CC | p-value | CC | p-value | CC | p-value | |
Physical performance | n = 275 | n = 423 | n = 76 | n = 18 | ||||
HGS weaker hand [kg] | −0.064 | 0.290 | −0.163 | 0.001 | −0.113 | 0.331 | −0.294 | 0.294 |
gait speed [min] | −0.092 | 0.112 | −0.201 | <0.001 | −0.230 | 0.040 | −0.319 | 0.170 |
Muscle mass | n = 298 | n = 455 | n = 82 | n = 20 | ||||
ASM [kg] | 0.038 | 0.511 | −0.086 | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.540 | −0.119 | 0.617 |
AMMI [kg/m2] | −0.031 | 0.595 | −0.064 | 0.174 | 0.028 | 0.810 | −0.031 | 0.897 |
Fat parameters | n = 281 | n = 421 | n = 80 | n = 20 | ||||
fat mass [kg] | 0.270 | <0.001 | 0.334 | <0.001 | 0.230 | 0.040 | −0.074 | 0.758 |
waist to height ratio | 0.223 | <0.001 | 0.300 | <0.001 | 0.209 | 0.060 | 0.246 | 0.296 |
Bone parameters | n = 281 | n = 421 | n = 80 | n = 20 | ||||
BMD [mg/cm3] | −0.122 | 0.041 | −0.048 | 0.327 | −0.088 | 0.440 | 0.098 | 0.682 |
T-value | −0.154 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.934 | −0.161 | 0.150 | 0.106 | 0.656 |
Dp-ucMGP Q1 | Dp-ucMGP Q2 | Dp-ucMGP Q3 | Dp-ucMGP Q4 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dp-ucMGP range [pmol/L] | lowest to 384 | 385 to 462 | 463 to 551 | 552 to highest | |||||
n | 190 | 190 | 189 | 191 | |||||
dp-ucMGP [pmol/L] | 345 | ±28 | 423 | ±22 | 502 | ±25 | 706 | ±200 | |
males | 40% | 44% | 49% | 44% | 0.405 | ||||
age [years] | 54 | ±7 | 55 | ±7 | 57 | ±8 | 61 | ±9 | <0.001 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 | ±0.09 | 0.92 | ±0.08 | 0.93 | ±0.08 | 0.94 | ±0.08 | <0.001 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 24.5 | ±4.0 | 25.8 | ±3.7 | 26.8 | ±4.5 | 28.6 | ±4.4 | <0.001 |
alcohol consumption [drinks/week] | 3 | ±5 | 4 | ±7 | 3 | ±5 | 3 | ±6 | 0.050 |
bone mass extremities [kg] | 1.34 | ±0.33 | 1.38 | ±0.34 | 1.44 | ±0.34 | 1.39 | ±0.33 | 0.053 |
ASM [kg] | 20.21 | ±5.24 | 21.19 | ±5.59 | 21.80 | ±5.42 | 21.53 | ±4.99 | 0.012 |
AMMI [kg/m2] | 6.99 | ±1.32 | 7.28 | ±1.44 | 7.38 | ±1.35 | 7.45 | ±1.27 | 0.004 |
HGS weaker hand [kg] | 33.07 | ±10.75 | 31.30 | ±11.32 | 32.91 | ±11.35 | 30.59 | ±9.64 | 0.226 |
Gait speed [m/s] | 1.47 | ±0.25 | 1.46 | ±0.23 | 1.44 | ±0.25 | 1.33 | ±0.24 | <0.001 |
Smoking [pack years] | 8.1 | ±13.1 | 8.6 | ±13.5 | 6.5 | ±11.3 | 8.3 | ±14.2 | 0.317 |
Dp-ucMGP Q1 | Dp-ucMGP Q2 | Dp-ucMGP Q3 | Dp-ucMGP Q4 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | p | OR | B-Value | CI | p | OR | B-Value | CI | p | OR | B-Value | CI | p | |||||
AMMI | ||||||||||||||||||
unadjusted | 1 | 0.026 | 0.523 | −0.648 | 0.296 | 0.925 | 0.026 | 0.496 | −0.700 | 0.279 | 0.884 | 0.017 | 0.493 | −0.706 | 0.277 | 0.878 | 0.026 | |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.083 | 0.476 | −0.743 | 0.225 | 1.003 | 0.051 | 0.589 | −0.530 | 0.272 | 1.272 | 0.178 | 0.389 | −0.944 | 0.176 | 0.860 | 0.020 | |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.049 | 0.463 | −0.770 | 0.217 | 0.986 | 0.046 | 0.504 | −0.685 | 0.229 | 1.109 | 0.088 | 0.346 | −1.062 | 0.154 | 0.779 | 0.010 | |
ASM | ||||||||||||||||||
unadjusted | 1 | 0.003 | 0.637 | −0.450 | 0.369 | 1.101 | 0.106 | 0.496 | −0.700 | 0.279 | 0.884 | 0.017 | 0.316 | −1.153 | 0.165 | 0.605 | 0.001 | |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.002 | 0.506 | −0.681 | 0.241 | 1.063 | 0.072 | 0.430 | −0.845 | 0.191 | 0.969 | 0.042 | 0.164 | −1.809 | 0.064 | 0.418 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.003 | 0.511 | −0.671 | 0.244 | 1.073 | 0.076 | 0.454 | −0.790 | 0.199 | 1.034 | 0.060 | 0.171 | −1.768 | 0.067 | 0.436 | <0.001 | |
HGS | ||||||||||||||||||
unadjusted | 1 | 0.795 | 1.084 | 0.081 | 0.465 | 2.257 | 0.851 | 1.325 | 0.282 | 0.544 | 3.230 | 0.536 | 1.536 | 0.429 | 0.612 | 3.855 | 0.360 | |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.381 | 1.294 | 0.258 | 0.441 | 3.795 | 0.639 | 1.838 | 0.609 | 0.552 | 6.123 | 0.321 | 2.898 | 1.064 | 0.840 | 9.994 | 0.092 | |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.205 | 1.330 | 0.285 | 0.444 | 3.990 | 0.611 | 2.458 | 0.899 | 0.714 | 8.458 | 0.154 | 3.688 | 1.305 | 1.007 | 13.502 | 0.049 |
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Schweighofer, N.; Haudum, C.W.; Trummer, O.; Lind, A.; Kolesnik, E.; Mursic, I.; Schmidt, A.; Scherr, D.; Zirlik, A.; Pieber, T.R.; et al. Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245400
Schweighofer N, Haudum CW, Trummer O, Lind A, Kolesnik E, Mursic I, Schmidt A, Scherr D, Zirlik A, Pieber TR, et al. Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia. Nutrients. 2022; 14(24):5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245400
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchweighofer, Natascha, Christoph W. Haudum, Olivia Trummer, Alice Lind, Ewald Kolesnik, Ines Mursic, Albrecht Schmidt, Daniel Scherr, Andreas Zirlik, Thomas R. Pieber, and et al. 2022. "Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia" Nutrients 14, no. 24: 5400. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245400