Microbial Phenolic Metabolites: Which Molecules Actually Have an Effect on Human Health?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Human Interventions
2.1. Phenolic Acids
2.2. Stilbenes
2.3. Flavanones
2.4. Flavan-3-ols
2.5. Anthocyanins, Proanthocyanidin and Ellagitannins
2.6. Flavonols
3. Other Food Intervention Studies with Mixed Polyphenols
4. Concluding Remarks
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GUT MICROBIOTA METABOLITES | FOOD SOURCE | SAMPLE TYPE | REFERENCES |
---|---|---|---|
Benzoates | Red raspberry | Breast milk, plasma, urine | [24] |
Hydroxybenzaldehydes | Red raspberry | Breast milk, plasma, urine | [24] |
Hydroxybenzoic acids | Almond skin, capsule of epicatechin and procyanidin B1, cocoa, coffee, grape extract, orange juice, pomegranate extract, red raspberry, red wine, tea, tomato sauce | Blister fluids, breast milk, colon tissues, faeces, plasma, skin biopsies, urine | [20,24,26,27,28,35,42,43,45,50,51,54,65,66,68,70,71] |
Hydroxycinnamic acids | Capsule of epicatechin and procyanidin B1, cocoa, coffee, grape extract, orange juice, red raspberry, red wine, tomato sauce | Breast milk, faeces, plasma, urine | [20,24,26,28,35,42,43,45,50,66,70,71] |
Hydroxycoumarins | Pomegranate extract, red raspberry, strawberry | Breast milk, colon tissues, plasma, urine | [24,53,54] |
Hydroxyphenylacetic acids | Almond skin, capsule of epicatechin and procyanidin B1, cocoa, coffee, grape extract, orange juice, red raspberry, red wine, tomato sauce | Breast milk, faeces, plasma, urine | [20,24,26,27,28,35,42,43,45,48,50,66,68,70,71] |
Hydroxyphenylpentanoic acids | Almond skin, capsule of epicatechin, dark chocolate, grape extract, red wine, tea | Faeces, plasma, urine | [43,44,48,50,65,66,67,68,71] |
Hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids | Almond skin, capsule of epicatechin and procyanidin B1, cocoa, coffee, dark chocolate, grape extract, orange juice, red raspberry, red wine, tea, tomato sauce | Blister fluids, breast milk, faeces, plasma, urine | [20,24,26,27,28,35,42,43,44,45,48,50,51,65,66,67,68,70,71] |
Valerolactones | Almond skin, capsule of epicatechin and procyanidin B1, cocoa, dark chocolate, grape extract, red raspberry, red wine, tea | Breast milk, faeces, ileostomy fluids, plasma, urine | [24,25,43,44,45,46,48,49,51,65,66,67,68,71] |
Others | Coffee, grape extract, grapevine-shoot supplement, orange juice, red raspberry, tea | Ileostomy fluids, plasma, urine | [19,24,26,28,35,48,49,66] |
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Marhuenda-Muñoz, M.; Laveriano-Santos, E.P.; Tresserra-Rimbau, A.; Lamuela-Raventós, R.M.; Martínez-Huélamo, M.; Vallverdú-Queralt, A. Microbial Phenolic Metabolites: Which Molecules Actually Have an Effect on Human Health? Nutrients 2019, 11, 2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112725
Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Laveriano-Santos EP, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Martínez-Huélamo M, Vallverdú-Queralt A. Microbial Phenolic Metabolites: Which Molecules Actually Have an Effect on Human Health? Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112725
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarhuenda-Muñoz, María, Emily P. Laveriano-Santos, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, Miriam Martínez-Huélamo, and Anna Vallverdú-Queralt. 2019. "Microbial Phenolic Metabolites: Which Molecules Actually Have an Effect on Human Health?" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112725