Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection
"> Figure 1
<p>The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra for the covalent bonding of 2-aminoethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-<span class="html-italic">O</span>-acetyl-α-<span class="html-small-caps">d</span>-mannopyranoside hydrochloride (MAN) molecules on lipoic acid (ALA) moieties.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Ultraviolet-visible spectra for: (<b>a</b>) Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-ALA, (<b>b</b>) AuNPs-MAN, and (<b>c</b>) hydrazinonicotinamide-glycine-glycine-cysteine (HYNIC)-AuNPs-MAN. The red color indicates the spectra of pristine gold nanoparticles and the yellow, green, blue, and purple colors indicate the incubation times at 2, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Representative transmission electron microscopy images, size histogram distribution, and HRTEM analysis for (<b>a</b>) AuNPs, (<b>b</b>) AuNPs-ALA, and (<b>c</b>) AuNPs-MAN. Results correspond to the 48 h incubation group.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Illustrative picture of the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-AuNPs-MAN<sub>48h</sub> mapping in lymphatic vessels and nodes in a rat. The lymph nodes are identified as popliteal (PO), iliac (IL), inguinal (IN), and renal (RE).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Micro single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) images depicting AuNPs-MAN<sub>48h</sub> vs. AuNPs-ALA<sub>48h</sub> accumulation in the popliteal lymph node. Arrows indicate the location of the nodes. ALA and MAN notation indicates the injection of AuNPs-ALA<sub>48h</sub> and AuNPs-MAN<sub>48h</sub> in the left and right footpad, respectively. Animals were oriented in a prone position.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>MicroSPECT/CT images of two different rats at different times, illustrating the differences in the lymphatic mapping of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sulfur colloid (S) and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-AuNPs-MAN<sub>48h</sub> (MAN). Arrows indicate the location of the lymph nodes. Animals were oriented in a prone position.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>A box and whisker plot showing the results of the percentage of injected dose at the injection site (left) and popliteal node (right) at 3 and 6 h after the injection of either <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Sulfur colloid or <sup>99m</sup>Tc-AuNPs-MAN<sub>48h</sub>. Boxes extend from 1st to 3rd quartiles; thick lines and + symbols inside boxes represent the median and mean (n = 5), respectively; whiskers go from the smallest to the largest values in each group and there were no outliers. No statistical difference was observed after ANOVA.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Preparation and Characterization of 99mTc-AuNPs-MAN
2.2. Radiolabeling Analysis
2.3. In Vivo SPECT/CT Imaging
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Materials
5.2. Preparation of 99mTc-AuNPs-MAN
5.2.1. AuNPs-ALA
5.2.2. AuNPs-MAN
5.2.3. HYNIC-AuNPs-MAN
5.2.4. Characterization
5.2.5. Radiolabeling
5.3. Animal Model
5.4. In Vivo SPECT/CT Imaging
5.5. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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2 h * | 24 h * | 48 h * | 72 h * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AuNPs | (30 ± 1.6) | (33 ± 6.5) | (38 ± 5.6) | (31 ± 4.1) |
AuNPs-ALA | −53.7 ± 16.0 (73. ± 31.3) | −63.7 ± 6.2 (73. ± 36.3) | −73.6 ± 1.4 (60.3 ± 23.2) | −64.2 ± 4.1 (59.9 ± 23.9) |
AuNPs-MAN | −58.5 ± 8.1 (103.5 ± 46.4) | −65.9 ± 7.4 (82.1 ± 37.9) | −67.8 ± 10.4 (71.1 ± 18.7) | −60.25 ± 8.38 (69.8 ± 19.3) |
HYNIC-AuNPs-MAN | −59.2 ± 10.8 (72.6 ± 51.6) | −59.5 ± 6.5 (76.8 ± 28.7) | −59.7 ± 7.2 (49.8 ± 14.) | −71.1 ± 10.6 (68.6 ± 29.4) |
Conjugate | Radiolabeling Efficiency | Radiochemical Purity | Radiolabeling Stability * |
---|---|---|---|
99mTc-AuNPs-MAN48h | 86 ± 14% | 97 ± 2% | 99 ± 2.3% |
99mTc-AuNPs-MAN72h | 60 ± 30% | 84 ± 20% | 96 ± 2.1% |
AuNPs-ALA48h | AuNPs-MAN48h | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Injection Site | Popliteal Node | Injection Site | Popliteal Node | |
In vivo | 74.2 ± 9.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 79.3 ± 11.5 | 3.1 ± 2.7 |
Ex vivo | 80.4 ± 6.9 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 77.4 ± 5.3 | 3.1 ± 0.9 |
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Estudiante-Mariquez, O.J.; Rodríguez-Galván, A.; Ramírez-Hernández, D.; Contreras-Torres, F.F.; Medina, L.A. Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection. Molecules 2020, 25, 1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081982
Estudiante-Mariquez OJ, Rodríguez-Galván A, Ramírez-Hernández D, Contreras-Torres FF, Medina LA. Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection. Molecules. 2020; 25(8):1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081982
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstudiante-Mariquez, Oscar J., Andrés Rodríguez-Galván, David Ramírez-Hernández, Flavio F. Contreras-Torres, and Luis A. Medina. 2020. "Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection" Molecules 25, no. 8: 1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081982