Hamida Hamdi
Cairo University, Zoology Dpartment, Faculty Member
- Assistant professor of Experimental Embryologyedit
ABSTRACT The phenolic contents and corresponding antioxidant activities of post-distilled Salvia verbenaca growing wild in different habitats were evaluated. Total phenolic content varied from 55.03 mg GAE/g DW to 136.33 mg GAE/g DW.... more
ABSTRACT The phenolic contents and corresponding antioxidant activities of post-distilled Salvia verbenaca growing wild in different habitats were evaluated. Total phenolic content varied from 55.03 mg GAE/g DW to 136.33 mg GAE/g DW. Rosmarinic acid (349.60–2560.37 μg/g) was the dominant phenolic compound of all analyzed samples. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging powers and FRAP assay showed that post-distilled aerial parts collected in Sers, Touiref and Beja were the most potent radical-scavengers and reducing agents. Results revealed remarkable significant (p < 0.05) variations in total and individual phenolic contents as well as in antioxidant activity across S. verbenaca different methanolic extracts. In addition, our study verified that the methanolic fraction had strong antioxidant activities which were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with several identified phenolics and total phenolic content. These results supported the significant potential to use S. verbenaca by-products as a source of natural antioxidants.
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Curcuma species are widely used as a food additive and also in various medicinal purposes. The plant is a rich source of essential oil and is predominantly extracted from the rhizomes. On the other hand, the leaves of the plants are... more
Curcuma species are widely used as a food additive and also in various medicinal purposes. The plant is a rich source of essential oil and is predominantly extracted from the rhizomes. On the other hand, the leaves of the plants are usually considered as an agrowaste. The valorization of these Curcuma leaf wastes into essential oils is becoming accepted globally. In the present study, we aim to extract essential oils from the leaves of Curcuma longa (LEO), C. aromatica (REO), and C. anguistifolia (NEO). The chemical composition of these essential oils was analyzed by GC-MS. Free radical scavenging properties were evaluated against the radical sources, including DPPH, ABTS, and hydrogen peroxide. The antibacterial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method and Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica) bacteria. Results identified the compounds α-p...
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Selenium is an important micronutrient that has antioxidant, growth potential, and reproduction enhancement abilities in various organisms. The aquaculture industry is a significant contributor towards meeting the dietary requirements of... more
Selenium is an important micronutrient that has antioxidant, growth potential, and reproduction enhancement abilities in various organisms. The aquaculture industry is a significant contributor towards meeting the dietary requirements of a majority of the global population, which further warrants developing novel approaches for enhancing the production of dietary fish. This study was performed to assess the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (1 gm in average weight and 2.75 cm in average length) upon nano-selenium (Se-Nps) supplementation. Nanoselenium was synthesized using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-hour dry milling technique at 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR), size characterized by XRD and TEM, followed by mixing with basal feed in desired concentrations (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg) and administration to Nile tilapia fingerlings for 30 days, followed by the evaluation of growth performance parameters, fatty acid profile anal...
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The recent increase in the global incidence of dengue fever resulted in over 2.7 million cases in Latin America and many cases in Southeast Asia and has warranted the development and application of early warning systems (EWS) for... more
The recent increase in the global incidence of dengue fever resulted in over 2.7 million cases in Latin America and many cases in Southeast Asia and has warranted the development and application of early warning systems (EWS) for futuristic outbreak prediction. EWS pertaining to dengue outbreaks is imperative; given the fact that dengue is linked to environmental factors owing to its dominance in the tropics. Prediction is an integral part of EWS, which is dependent on several factors, in particular, climate, geography, and environmental factors. In this study, we explore the role of increased susceptibility to a DENV serotype and climate variability in developing novel predictive models by analyzing RT-PCR and DENV-IgM confirmed cases in Singapore and Honduras, which reported high dengue incidence in 2019 and 2020, respectively. A random-sampling-based susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model was used to obtain estimates of the susceptible fraction for modeling the dengue epidemic,...
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Cryopreservation of human gametes and embryos is now considered as an important tool in assisted reproduction treatments as it increases the cumulative pregnancy rates while decreasing cost. Cryopreservation procedures are such... more
Cryopreservation of human gametes and embryos is now considered as an important tool in assisted reproduction treatments as it increases the cumulative pregnancy rates while decreasing cost. Cryopreservation procedures are such unphysiological circumstances mainly on account of severe temperature and osmotic alterations. Since the early 1990s, two common methods of cryopreservation have been used. Both of these methods have finally depended on the freezing and solidification of cell or tissue. Recently, the one known as vitrification has been claimed as the future of cryopreservation because of increased survival and success rates. However, this method is a non-equilibrium technique of cryopreservation that shows critical requirements of much higher concentration of permeable cryoprotectants and rate of cooling. Thus, it is a more vigorous mean of all possible cell damage except the formation of intracellular ice crystals that is totally prevented by vitrification. Nevertheless, the...
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Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential risks of the anti-epileptic drug (oxcarbazepine [OXC]) administration on neonates. Methods: The nursing rats orally administered from 7 th day of gestation until the 28 day of... more
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential risks of the anti-epileptic drug (oxcarbazepine [OXC]) administration on neonates. Methods: The nursing rats orally administered from 7 th day of gestation until the 28 day of lactation with 108 mg/kg OXC (human equivalent dose) daily. The neonates at day 7, 14, 21, and 28 of lactation were sacrificed and the postnatal developmental signs and skeletal malformation and the histopathology of liver, kidney, and brain of the pups were examined. th Results: Our results showed that OXC induced a significant reduction in the neonatal weight and length, delayed, weak and incomplete ossification, wavy ribs and the neonatal liver revealed histopathological changes, pyknotic hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolization, dilated sinusoid, and necrotic area. Kidney revealed alternation changes, enlargement of the glomerulus, renal tubules degeneration, and lymphatic infiltration. Brain (cerebral cortex and cerebellum) showed neurodegenerat...
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In this research, some plant seeds powder was evaluated to find their potential effect to rule diseases of food poisoning. Antimicrobial effect of five plant seeds was examined contra Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia... more
In this research, some plant seeds powder was evaluated to find their potential effect to rule diseases of food poisoning. Antimicrobial effect of five plant seeds was examined contra Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. pneumonia and Candida albicans by using well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity studies revealed high potential activity of plant seeds powder of Nigella sativa L., cucurbita pepo, Sesamum radiatum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Linum usitatissimum with variable efficiency contra tested microbial strains with concentration of 100 mg/ml, except Sesamum radiatum scored no effect. The T. foenum and N. sativa seed powder showed the largest inhibition zone (24-20 mm) contra K. pneumonia, followed by S. aureus (20-18 mm) and C. albicans (15mm) respectively. The five plant seeds powder exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects with MIC’s 20 and MBC 40 mg/ml against K. pneumonia, and MIC’s 40 and MBC 60 mg/ml against S. aureus. Th...
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Members of the family Diclidophoridae are potentially dangerous species for the puffer fish aquaculture worldwide. They are parasitic polyopisthocotyleans, with a posterior haptor equipped with clamps for attachment to the host's... more
Members of the family Diclidophoridae are potentially dangerous species for the puffer fish aquaculture worldwide. They are parasitic polyopisthocotyleans, with a posterior haptor equipped with clamps for attachment to the host's surface, allowing the worm to resist the flow of water to maintain its position on gills. The anterior body of the worm is deformable, allows the worm to feed on blood sucked from fish gills. The present study is the first description of a Heterobothrium species from the gills of the tiger puffer Lagocephalus sceleratus (Tetraodontidae) from the coasts of the Arabian Gulf at Jubail, Saudi Arabia morphologically by light microscopy as well as by molecular analysis of the parasite partial 28S rRNA through multiple sequence alignments and phylogeny by maximum likelihood analysis which is provided for the first time for the described species. Seventeen tiger puffer fish were captured alive from marine water off Saudi Arabia; gills were separated and further...
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Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth... more
Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth performance and reproductive capacity in fish was explored in this study. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-h dry milling technique at a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) and were premixed with basal feed followed by the administration to adult zebra fish (D. rerio) (2 months old) for 30 days. Growth analysis revealed that zebra fish fed with SeNPs + ZnONPs (2 mg/ kg, equimolar mixture) had significantly higher length and weight than only SeNP (2 mg/ kg) or ZnONP (2 mg/ kg) groups and control zebra fish (p < 0.05). The average length–weight relationships were assessed by estimating the condition factor (C), which was highest in the SeNP + ZnONP group (1.96)...
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Background Even though the widespread of nanoalumina and their benefits in all fields, its potential impacts on male reproductive system have limited information. Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the testicular... more
Background Even though the widespread of nanoalumina and their benefits in all fields, its potential impacts on male reproductive system have limited information. Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the testicular dysfunction of nanoalumina and the protective role of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) against potential adverse impacts induced by alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) in male rat. Methodology Al2O3-NPs were administered to the rat orally at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight once a day for 28 successive days, while pumpkin seed oil was administered to the rat orally at 4 mL/kg b w before administration of Al2O3-NPs, once a day for 28 successive days. After the administration period, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA damage, as biomarkers of reproductive toxic effects, were evaluated using sperm analysis and comet assays, and histopathological examination of testis was performed. In addition, level of the serum testosterone hormones were estimated, an...
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ABSTRACT
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In the current investigation, Annona muricata Linn. lyophilized fruit pulp powder was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity induced by paracetamol or acetaminophen (APAP). Male Sprague Dawley rats were orally pre-treated for 15 days... more
In the current investigation, Annona muricata Linn. lyophilized fruit pulp powder was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity induced by paracetamol or acetaminophen (APAP). Male Sprague Dawley rats were orally pre-treated for 15 days with A. muricata lyophilized fruit pulp powder at low (1 g/kg b.wt) and high doses (2 g/kg b.wt). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as the standard drug. Hepatotoxicity was induced using APAP, in a single oral administration of 2.5 g/kg body weight dosage on the 15th day. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated in the APAP group but were found to be significantly reduced in the pre-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. APAP administration brought down the serum total protein and albumin levels significantly. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were reduced in the APAP administration; further, the reduced glutathione pool in ...
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Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is a cactus that is widely cultivated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia especially in the Taif region due to its favorable weather for growing, and it has benefits as a food and traditional medicine. The aim of the... more
Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is a cactus that is widely cultivated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia especially in the Taif region due to its favorable weather for growing, and it has benefits as a food and traditional medicine. The aim of the current study was to chemically characterize Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil from Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using GC-MS and HPLC analysis and evaluate its antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities. Linolenic acid was the dominating fatty acid in OFI oil, followed by oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Total tocopherol (α-, β-, Ɣ-tocopherol) was found to be 24.02 μg/mL. Campesterol was the main phytosterol, followed by γ- & β -sitosterol, and Stigmasterol. The phenolic components scored 30.5 mg gallic acid equivalent per ml of oil with 89.2% antioxidant activity (% DPPH radical inhibition) at 200 µL/mL of OFI oil. OFI oil showed an inhibition efficacy against microbial strains especially Sa...
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The use of the older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy and lactation is known to be associated with increased risk of birth defects in the offspring. Much less has been known about newer generation AEDs to which... more
The use of the older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy and lactation is known to be associated with increased risk of birth defects in the offspring. Much less has been known about newer generation AEDs to which Levetiracetam (LEV) belongs. LEV is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug which is currently licensed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of LEV on fetuses of albino rats. Pregnant albino rats(Rattusnorvegicus) were administered daily oral doses of 300mg/kg or 600mg/kg from the 5 th day of gestation till the end of lactation.The animals were sacrificed at the end of gestation and during lactation. Fetuses were removed from the uterus and evaluated for mortality rate, growth parameters, morphological and skeletal malformations as well as histological study of brain, liver and kidney. The data revealed that fetal weights were significantly reduced in most study groups. Resorption rates were significantly increased with in...
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This study aims to extend the applications of oocytes cryopreservation into the clinical practice of ART. Using the vitrification method applied on 676 human oocytes divided into four groups based on their maturation stage, presence of... more
This study aims to extend the applications of oocytes cryopreservation into the clinical practice of ART. Using the vitrification method applied on 676 human oocytes divided into four groups based on their maturation stage, presence of corona cells and the time to start cryopreservation. Group (A) includes 177 MII oocytes, fully denuded and vitrified 3-5 hours after pick up, (B) includes 194 GV/MI oocytes fully denuded and vitrified 3-5 hours after pick up, (C) contains 103 oocytes vitrified 24 hours from retrieval at the MII stage and fully denuded and (D) contains 202 oocytes vitrified with the corona cells at the MII stage 3-5 hours after pick up. Survivability is determined one hour after thawing then the survived oocytes undergo ICSI procedure. Group (A), after thawing 161 oocytes (91%) survived, 111 (69%) got fertilized, and only 38 (34%) developed into blastocysts. Group (B), 167 oocytes (86%) survived then 60 (36%) matured to MII, and 40 (67 %) got fertilized, then 11 embry...
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The widely used antimicrobial compound, triclosan (TCS), causes various harmful impacts to human. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiandrogenic potential of TCS represented by DNA damage (Comet assay),... more
The widely used antimicrobial compound, triclosan (TCS), causes various harmful impacts to human. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiandrogenic potential of TCS represented by DNA damage (Comet assay), histopathological and testicular hormonal evaluations. Moreover, the study was aimed to assess the protector role of vitamin E (Vit E) pre-treatment in testes of albino male mice. TCS was injected IP at dose level (15 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Other group was orally administrated with Vit E (50 mg/kg) just before TCS injection. Mice were sacrificed after 24 hr from the last treatment. Testicular tissues were used for molecular, histopathological evaluations and different testicular hormones (testosterone, FSH and LH) determination. The present study reports the genotoxic effect of TCS because of a significant increase in tail length, %DNA in tail and tail moment for TCS group in comparison with the negative control group in comet assay. Moreover, TCS tr...
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Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications including pigment and cosmetic manufactures. Although TiO2 is chemically inert, nanoparticles can cause negative... more
Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications including pigment and cosmetic manufactures. Although TiO2 is chemically inert, nanoparticles can cause negative health effects. The present study investigates the teratogenic effects of TiO2 on pregnant albino rats and their fetuses. Pregnant albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2, 0.5 mg/kg/day, from the5 th day of gestation till the end of lactation. The animals were sacrificed at the end of gestation and during lactation. Fetuses were removed from the uterus and evaluated for mortality rate, growth parameters, morphological and skeletal malformations as well as histological study of brain, liver and kidney. The data revealed that fetal weights were significantly reduced in most study groups. It was found that severe degenerative changes were observed in the liver, kidney as well as the brain following TiO2 administration.Ti...
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BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin is a broadspectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. Since fluroquinolones are the most frequently prescribed in pregnancy particularly in the first trimester for the treatment of highly occurrence urinary... more
BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin is a broadspectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. Since fluroquinolones are the most frequently prescribed in pregnancy particularly in the first trimester for the treatment of highly occurrence urinary tract infections, therefore this study was intended to evaluate the risk of the ciprofloxacin drug on development of fetuses of white albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) during pregnancy. METHODS: Pregnant rats were orally administrated a dose of 155 mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin from 5th day to 20th day of gestation. The Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20thday of gestation. Fetuses were taken away from the uterus. The mortality rate, growth parameters, morphological and skeletal malformations were recorded, histopathological studies of brain, liver and kidney were evaluated. RESULTS: The data revealed that There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in fetal body weight, fetal body length in treated group when compared with the control. Hematoma and con...
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Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is one of the highly toxic and persistent compounds that are released unintentionally through various man-made chemicals. HCB had other applications, it was involved in several industrial processes: as a fluxing... more
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is one of the highly toxic and persistent compounds that are released unintentionally through various man-made chemicals. HCB had other applications, it was involved in several industrial processes: as a fluxing agent in aluminum smelting, as a regulator of porosity in the manufacture of graphite electrodes, and as a peptizing agent of rubber. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of HCB on pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus) were administrated day after day an oral dose of 100mg/Kg from the 5th day of gestation till the end of lactation. The animals were sacrificed at the end of gestation and during lactation. Fetuses were removed from the uterus and evaluated for mortality rate, growth parameters, morphological and skeletal malformation as well as histological study of brain, liver and kidney. Results showed decreased weight gain of pregnant rats treated with HCB (100 mg/kg) during gestation and l...
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These This study was the second in a series of studies aiming at establishing a connection between the food habits of aves and the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of their alimentary tract. In this study, the gross... more
These This study was the second in a series of studies aiming at establishing a connection between the food habits of aves and the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of their alimentary tract. In this study, the gross anatomy, histology and histochemistry of the digestive system of the black -winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, a carnivorous bird, have been investigated. This study has revealed that, the oesophagus was relatively long with poorly developed crop; the simple stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventritculus or gizzard. The small intestine is divided into duodenum, and ileum. The large intestine contains a very small pair of ceca called, lymphoid ceca and a short rectum. The internal mucous glands of the oesophagus keep the surface of the tube moist and slimy and thereby facilitate the passage of the food. The differences in the proventriculus structure may also be related to diet. The present study revealed that the al...
Mycophylline is a mucolytic and broncholytic drug can be used in women during pregnancy for the treatment of bronchospasm symptoms, the potential effects induced by this drug in the placenta are not reported. Our study has been designed... more
Mycophylline is a mucolytic and broncholytic drug can be used in women during pregnancy for the treatment of bronchospasm symptoms, the potential effects induced by this drug in the placenta are not reported. Our study has been designed to evaluate the safety of Mucophylline in different doses (Therapeutic dose), on the rat placenta. The pregnant rats orally administered from 5th until 19th day of gestation with doses 30.83 mg/Kg and 66.61 mg/Kg of Mycophylline (human equivalent dose) daily. On the twentieth day of gestation, the pregnant rats were sacrificed and the placental weights of different groups were recorded. Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical investigations of placenta, were assessed. Additionally, the oxidative stress markers were assessed. Our results revealed that mucophylline caused the reduction in placental weight was statistically significant in the pregnant rats treated with high dose of mucophylline. histopathologically mucophylline caused an increa...
The consumption of inadequately thermally treated fish is a public health risk due to the possible propagation of Anisakis larvae. The present study demonstrated the physiological and histopathological changes that accompanied an oral... more
The consumption of inadequately thermally treated fish is a public health risk due to the possible propagation of Anisakis larvae. The present study demonstrated the physiological and histopathological changes that accompanied an oral inoculation of crude extracts from fresh and thermally treated Anisakis Type II (L3) in rats. Worms were isolated from a marine fish and examined and identified using light and scanning electron microscopy. The study was performed in 6 rat groups: control (I), garlic oil (GO) inoculated (II), fresh L3 inoculated (III), thermally treated L3 inoculated (IV), fresh L3 + GO inoculated (V), and a thermally treated L3 + GO inoculated (VI) groups. Rats inoculated with fresh and thermally treated L3 showed abnormal liver and kidney functions associated with the destruction of normal architecture. GO produced a protective effect in rat groups inoculated with L3 extracts + GO via the amelioration of liver and kidney functions, which was confirmed by the marked n...
The present study investigated the role of Testosterone on the regenerative capacity in two metamorphic stages of the tadpoles of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss, after amputation of the hind limb at the mid-shank level. It... more
The present study investigated the role of Testosterone on the regenerative capacity in two metamorphic stages of the tadpoles of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss, after amputation of the hind limb at the mid-shank level. It indicated an enhancing effect of Testosterone treatment on limb regeneration in the prometamorphic (stage 56), where 90% of the cases regenerated toes ranging from five to one compared with 77.3% in the control group, also the differential effect of testosterone on the number of toes was obvious in the treated animals, where 30% and 35% of the cases regenerated five and four toes respectively compared with 27.3% and 31.8% in the control group. In the metamorphic stage (stage58), the effect of testosterone was also obvious, where 38.6% of the treated cases restored toes compared with 13.3% of the cases in the control group. 45.5% of the treated cases restored part of the foot compared with 20 % of the cases in the control group. Histological observations o...
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Objective: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an anti-epileptic drug, initially approved as an adjunct therapy in adult patients with partial-onset seizures, and used as monotherapy treatment during pregnancy. However, very few, if none,... more
Objective: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an anti-epileptic drug, initially approved as an adjunct therapy in adult patients with partial-onset seizures, and used as monotherapy treatment during pregnancy. However, very few, if none, investigations have been focused on LEV neurotoxicity or hepatotoxicity at the molecular level. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of LEV, in liver and brain tissues of treated pregnant rats and their fetuses during pregnancy. Methods: LEV was administered to pregnant female albino rats at doses 300 or 600 mg/kg b. w, from gestation days 5-18. Comet assay, DNA fragmentation were performed for detection of DNA damage. Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by DNA sequencing were accomplished for detecting possible mutagenicity. Results: Administration of the two tested doses of LEV resulted in a significant increase of DNA damage as detected by alkaline Comet assay, and an appearance of both apoptotic laddered a...
The present work is the first in a series of studies aiming at establishing a connection between the food habits of aves and the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of their alimentary canal. In this study the gross... more
The present work is the first in a series of studies aiming at establishing a connection between the food habits of aves and the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of their alimentary canal. In this study the gross anatomy, histology and histochemistry of the alimentary canal of common quail, Coturnix coturnix, a granivorous bird, have been investigated. This study revealed that, the oesophagus is not ably long with a well developed crop; thus stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventritculus or gizzard. The gizzard is much more developed having a thick hard cuticle, its wall consists of two strong smooth muscles, the small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the transition from the jejunum to ileum is indicated by the vitelline (Meckel's) diverticulum, and the ileum was the longest part of the small intestine. The large intestine consists of paired well developed caeca and a short rectum. The present h...
A series of studies was carried out to elucidate the relationship between the microscopic anatomy of the alimentary canal and the food habits in reptiles. Three reptiles were chosen according to different feeding habits, Uromastyx is a... more
A series of studies was carried out to elucidate the relationship between the microscopic anatomy of the alimentary canal and the food habits in reptiles. Three reptiles were chosen according to different feeding habits, Uromastyx is a herbivouous, Chameleon is an insectivorous, while Crocodilys is a carnivorous reptile. So, it is obvious that the anatomy as well as the histology of the alimentary tract of reptiles demonstrate certain specific characteristics of functional adaptations as a reflection of the herbivorous, carnivorous and insectivorous mode of feeding. The anatomical and histological study of the alimentary canal of Uromastyx aegyptiaca was carried out. A comparison between the different histological structures found and those known in other reptiles was done. The straight oesophagus is lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, leading to the stomach which consists of two portions, fundic or oxyntic and pyloric or mucous. The small intestine is comparatively sho...
Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth... more
Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth performance and reproductive capacity in fish was explored in this study. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-h dry milling technique at a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) and were premixed with basal feed followed by the administration to adult zebra fish (D. rerio) (2 months old) for 30 days. Growth analysis revealed that zebra fish fed with SeNPs + ZnONPs (2 mg/ kg, equimolar mixture) had significantly higher length and weight than only SeNP (2 mg/ kg) or ZnONP (2 mg/ kg) groups and control zebra fish (p < 0.05). The average length–weight relationships were assessed by estimating the condition factor (C), which was highest in the SeNP + ZnONP group (1.96)...
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Objective: Despite the widespread of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their benefits in all fields, they have many negative effects on human life, especially expectant mothers and their fetus. The purpose of this study was to... more
Objective: Despite the widespread of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their benefits in all fields, they have many negative effects on human life, especially expectant mothers and their fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible maternal and developmental toxicity-induced by NiO NPs administration during gestation. Methods: Three groups of pregnant rats were administered orally during days 5–19 of gestation, the pregnant rats were haphazardly designed into three groups (six rat/group), as follows: Control group and NiO NPs administered groups, low (4 mg/kg), and high (8 mg/kg) doses. Results: NiO NPs administration resulted in severe maternal and developmental toxicity which included reduction in uterine weight, mother weight gain, the average weight of placenta, the number corpora lutea, implantation sites, and the number of live fetuses. Furthermore, high pre/ postimplantation, fetal growth retardation, and morphological and skeletal anomalies, an ele...
Objective: Despite the widespread of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their benefits in all fields, they have many negative effects on human life, especially expectant mothers and their fetus. The purpose of this study was to... more
Objective: Despite the widespread of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their benefits in all fields, they have many negative effects on human life, especially expectant mothers and their fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible maternal and developmental toxicity-induced by NiO NPs administration during gestation. Methods: Three groups of pregnant rats were administered orally during days 5–19 of gestation, the pregnant rats were haphazardly designed into three groups (six rat/group), as follows: Control group and NiO NPs administered groups, low (4 mg/kg), and high (8 mg/kg) doses. Results: NiO NPs administration resulted in severe maternal and developmental toxicity which included reduction in uterine weight, mother weight gain, the average weight of placenta, the number corpora lutea, implantation sites, and the number of live fetuses. Furthermore, high pre/ postimplantation, fetal growth retardation, and morphological and skeletal anomalies, an ele...
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