- Civil Engineering, Climate Change, Integrated Water Resources Management, Groundwater Management, Transboundary Water Resources, Hydrologica lModelling, and 18 moreHistory of civil engineering, Geology, Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Water resources, Hydrogeology, Environmental Management, Planning, Rural Development, Governance, Community Development, International Development, Migration, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Environmental Sustainability, Public Policy, Urban Governance, and Water governanceedit
- J. Ganoulis is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece), Ph.D. (D... moreJ. Ganoulis is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece), Ph.D. (Doctorat d’Etat) in Natural Sciences from the University of Toulouse (France) and visiting scholar at the Universities of Erlangen (Germany), McGill (Canada), Melbourne (Australia), and Paris VI (France). He has more than 35 years experience in integrated water resources management, risk analysis, climate change and transboundary water management, including transboundary aquifer resources and conflict resolution. He is the Former State Secretary for Water in Athens, Greece, the Director of the UNESCO Chair/International Network of Water-Environment Centres for the Balkans (INWEB-http://www.inweb.gr/) and Senior Consultant and Greece representative in UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme (IHP), Paris. He published more than 200 papers in International Journals and Conferences and is the co-editor/author of 10 books including Transboundary Water Resources Management: a Multidisciplinary Approach (WILEY, 2011) and Risk Analysis of Water Pollution (WILEY, 2009edit
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The five countries previously part of the Yugoslav Republic and now in transition, together with Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania, all share acute transboundary water resource problems with each other and with the regional NATO countries of... more
The five countries previously part of the Yugoslav Republic and now in transition, together with Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania, all share acute transboundary water resource problems with each other and with the regional NATO countries of Greece and Turkey. Participants from each of these countries addressed these problems at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in October 1999. The articles in this book are the fruits of their presentations and the vigorous discussions that followed them. They focus on the need to improve regional water resource management, by replacing inadequate and uncertain monitoring of their shared lakes, rivers, and lengthy coastlines. They recommend the monitoring of water availability, including its quality, and using state-of-the-art scientific principles. This is key to adequate and cost-effective rehabilitation and protection of essential resources.
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Although many theoretical developments have been achieved recently, the progress both in understanding and application of risk and reliablity analysis in water resources and environmental engineering remains slow. Presenting, in a unified... more
Although many theoretical developments have been achieved recently, the progress both in understanding and application of risk and reliablity analysis in water resources and environmental engineering remains slow. Presenting, in a unified and comprehensive framework, the various aspects of risk and reliability in both water quantity and quality problems, this text describes methods for total risk management, risk analysis of extremes in hydrology, groundwater clean-up, and river and coastal pollution.
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In this chapter, the international dimension is added to hydro-governance in order to define and analyse the so-called “Transboundary Hydro-governance”. Waters shared by two or more different countries have to be managed equitably through... more
In this chapter, the international dimension is added to hydro-governance in order to define and analyse the so-called “Transboundary Hydro-governance”. Waters shared by two or more different countries have to be managed equitably through cooperation between riparian countries: no matter if they form an international border or if they are crossing political boundaries, such waters are “Internationally shared” or “Internationally Transboundary” or simply “transboundary”. Besides the UN General Assembly Resolution 64/292/28–67-2010 declaration recognising the universal human right to water, water belongs to humanity and cannot be appropriated exclusively by different groups or interests. Fair transboundary hydro-governance means that no-harm is produced from one country to other watercourse countries. In this chapter we analyse the various drivers of transboundary waters governance, to understand how such governance can answer the new challenges of economic changes world-wide, as the traditional concepts of governmental policy evolve with, among others, the growing understanding that public participation, in the various forms proposed in Chap. 4, is a major contributor to a “good” hydro-governance. We examine what international joint institutions can be established, defining their roles and modes of action, and their strengths and weaknesses, to prepare for Chap. 6 and the identification of the instruments that are needed to implement transboundary waters governance in practice.
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Having introduced the why, what, how of Transboundary Hydro-Governance, this chapter proposes a detailed organized framework of “good” hydro-governance, i.e. a practical model based on seven drivers. It examines how they could be built,... more
Having introduced the why, what, how of Transboundary Hydro-Governance, this chapter proposes a detailed organized framework of “good” hydro-governance, i.e. a practical model based on seven drivers. It examines how they could be built, how they could be coordinated and how they could operate, from Science and Technique to Policy and Law to Socio-Economics to Diplomacy and Cooperation, taking Scaling into consideration (local, regional, national, international), introducing River Basin Organization and insisting on the role of Capacity-Building.
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The perturbated primitive variables method seems to be a powerful mean for simulation of physical phenomena arising in Fluid Dynamics. Using this method, non linearities in laminar separated flow are studied between periodically varied... more
The perturbated primitive variables method seems to be a powerful mean for simulation of physical phenomena arising in Fluid Dynamics. Using this method, non linearities in laminar separated flow are studied between periodically varied walls. Results of computation permit the study in detail of dynamic, energetic and kinematic characteristics of this phenomenon.
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ABSTRACT The object of the research is an advanced review and comparative analysis of the last two decades’ main international programmes and initiatives on the management of Transboundary Aquifers in South-Eastern Europe. The aquifers’... more
ABSTRACT The object of the research is an advanced review and comparative analysis of the last two decades’ main international programmes and initiatives on the management of Transboundary Aquifers in South-Eastern Europe. The aquifers’ delineation and occurrence, identified pressures, and water quality and use are compared with those derived by the EU’s Water Framework Directive implementation process. The final outputs reveal a solid conceptual follow-up of the programmes and initiatives with a gradual enrichment of information related to the status of transboundary aquifers over the years. Groundwater bodies’ data analysis validates the initial outputs and provides enhanced information at finer scales.
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The management of transboundary water resources is an important matter for scientists and policy makers. Water use and the protection of water quality and ecosystems are the main aspects of the problem, which should be faced in... more
The management of transboundary water resources is an important matter for scientists and policy makers. Water use and the protection of water quality and ecosystems are the main aspects of the problem, which should be faced in co-operation with neighbouring countries. This is not always easy, due to different socio-economic and political conditions, therefore the different needs and priorities of the sharing countries should be discussed.
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The assessment of the water quality in rivers is very often performed without using adequate methods and tools in order to quantify the state of pollution. It is quite usual to see in some reports that estimations about the pollution of a... more
The assessment of the water quality in rivers is very often performed without using adequate methods and tools in order to quantify the state of pollution. It is quite usual to see in some reports that estimations about the pollution of a river, the state of water quality and the causes of pollution are based on evaluation of the results of costly monitoring campaigns by the use of simplified graphical representation of data or sometimes by means of elementary statistics like mean values and variances.
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Dependence of dehydration rate of Brassica napus, Triticum spp., Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare from heavy metal concentrations in plants after its growth in contaminated media has been studied in the laboratory and results are summarized... more
Dependence of dehydration rate of Brassica napus, Triticum spp., Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare from heavy metal concentrations in plants after its growth in contaminated media has been studied in the laboratory and results are summarized in this paper. We found water loss reduction in all plant species germinated in sewage sludge (somewhere soil) after 18 day in comparison with control samples, presented by garden compost. Moreover, water loss was reduced significantly in root part of the plants. At the same time water loss was increased in Brassica napus, Triticum spp. and Hordeum vulgare germinated in sewage sludge after 30 day in comparison with control samples that could have been caused by metals interactions with plants’ metabolic processes within the cells.
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The Almyros spring is the outlet of the largest karst coastal aquifer in Crete Island, Greece. The spring is important for drinking water supply of Heraklion, the capital city of Crete. However, because of sea water intrusion, most of the... more
The Almyros spring is the outlet of the largest karst coastal aquifer in Crete Island, Greece. The spring is important for drinking water supply of Heraklion, the capital city of Crete. However, because of sea water intrusion, most of the time and especially during the dry season, the water is brackish. Since the 1960s, despite repeated efforts to collect the freshwater resources of the aquifer, only few practical results have been obtained. In order to investigate alternative measures for collecting the aquifer’s freshwater a mathematical model was developed for simulating the saturated groundwater flow in the karst porous medium. Although the local use of the Darcy’s law for flow simulation in discontinuous porous media such as karst aquifers is problematic, it can give useful results when applied in larger scales. For studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Almyros/Heraklion aquifer, the numerical model MODFLOW was used and after calibration, it is shown that useful results can be obtained in practice.
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The terms environmental and human security and vulnerability are defined in this paper in a broad sense. Human security is directly related to environmental preservation (water, air, soil, ecosystems, and biodiversity). Environmental and... more
The terms environmental and human security and vulnerability are defined in this paper in a broad sense. Human security is directly related to environmental preservation (water, air, soil, ecosystems, and biodiversity). Environmental and human security have been recognized as key factors for socioeconomic growth and prosperity and sustainable development. Regulation and policy to sustain environmental and human security in European Union (EU) countries, and more specifically in the Mediterranean region, are briefly reviewed in this presentation. Examples from environ- mental sectors like water resources may include the EU Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) and institutional issues for facing water quality degra- dation and hydrological extremes, such as floods.
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The practical implementation of hydro-governance for transboundary waters, or shared hydro-governance, needs a set of instruments and tools, belonging to, on the one hand, classical domains such as science, economy, society, legislation... more
The practical implementation of hydro-governance for transboundary waters, or shared hydro-governance, needs a set of instruments and tools, belonging to, on the one hand, classical domains such as science, economy, society, legislation both national and international, policy, and, on the other hand, less classical such as diplomacy for conflict resolution like mediation and negotiation tools. We will more specifically explore the roles under transboundary conditions of joint monitoring, cost-benefit analysis, International Water Resources Management (IWRM), legislation, more specifically international law, and policy. We will conclude the chapter by a survey of conflict resolution and its tools.
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The purpose of this chapter is to examine and understand what is a governance of water, or hydro-governance, enabling to deal with all kind of waters, i.e. surface, groundwater and coastal water. Having proposed clear distinctions between... more
The purpose of this chapter is to examine and understand what is a governance of water, or hydro-governance, enabling to deal with all kind of waters, i.e. surface, groundwater and coastal water. Having proposed clear distinctions between the concepts of Management, Policy and Governance, often somewhat confusing, and analyzed some basic tools used to implement these concepts, such as, for instance consultation and public participation, this chapter introduces “hydro-governance” as a complex, multi-disciplinary and multi-scale socio-economic process for managing water related issues. This specificity is related to the nature of water governance, illustrated by its interaction with different scientific disciplines, many socio-economic and professional sectors at various scales and its strong environmental and climatic variability. Several definitions of hydro-governance have been introduced in the past, some of which being adopted by various international organisations, such as the OECD, UNESCO, UNDP or the EU. These are presented and compared, leading to proposing a realistic and effective hydro-governance. Also, the specificities of groundwater resources are considered, justifying the introduction of a specific groundwater-governance.
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Choise of the optimum site for sewage disposal in a coastal area. Disposal of liquid wastes from domestic origin in a coastal area, can damage by basterial pollution some places and coasts of touristic and economic interest. Optimisation... more
Choise of the optimum site for sewage disposal in a coastal area. Disposal of liquid wastes from domestic origin in a coastal area, can damage by basterial pollution some places and coasts of touristic and economic interest. Optimisation in the choise of the site for sewage disposal using the natural capacity of coastal waters for dilution and epuration, can be based on the minimisation in concentrations near these coastal areas of specific interest. The design of such projects in the Mediterranean, where the tides are small and coastal circulation is mainly due to the wind, must be based on the correct modelisation of the physical phenomena. In this report, after presentation of the mathematical and numerical models which have been constructed for simulating the transport, the dilution and the degradation of the pollutant charges, some exemples of application are given from the sewer system of Thessaloniki.L' évacuation des eaux usées d'origine domestique dans une région côtière, peut nuire par pollution bactérienne certains endroits et plages d'intérêt touristique et économique. L'optimisation du choix du site d'évacuation des eaux usées, tout en utilisant le pouvoir naturel de dilution et d’épuration des eaux de mer, peut être basée sur la minimisation des concentrations près de ces zones côtières d'intérêt spécifique. L' étude de tels projets en Méditérranée, ou la marée est faible et où la circulation côtière est due principalement à 1'action du vent, doit être basée sur une modélisation correcte des phénomènes physiques. Dans ce rapport, après avoir présenté les modèles mathématiques et numériques que nous avons mis au point pour simuler le transport, la dilution et la dégradation de la charge polluante, nous donnons quelques exemples d'application sur le réseau d'assainissement de la ville de Thessaloniki.Ganoulis Jacques, Krestenitis Jean. Rapport V.9 Choix du site optimum d'évacuation des eaux usées dans une région côtière. In: L'assainissement de demain. L'hydraulique des eaux pluviales et usées. Compte-rendu des XVIIes journées de l'hydraulique. Nantes,14-16 septembre 1982. Tome 2, 1982
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NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to... more
NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific ...
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The way humans use natural resources and especially freshwater, reflects their relationship with nature. It also influences the conceptual Water Resources Management (WRM) model. A historical review shows that the interplay between Humans... more
The way humans use natural resources and especially freshwater, reflects their relationship with nature. It also influences the conceptual Water Resources Management (WRM) model. A historical review shows that the interplay between Humans and Nature is diachronically in constant change between two opposites: conflict and cooperation. Lessons from the past 20.000 years indicate that the WRM model is a function of two main parameters: (1) socio-economics, and (2) climate conditions. Three different Eras of the Humans-Nature relationship have been distinguished: (1) Naturalistic: Nature dominating Humans during the Last Glacial Period (100-10) kyr BC, (2) Dualistic: Nature-Humans cooperation and competition from 10 kyr BC to 1800 AD, and (3) Anthropocentric: Humans dominating Nature from 1800 AD to now. Since 2000, the Integrated WRM (IWRM) model is promoted as state-of-the-art and remains anthropocentric producing huge externalities. Its assessment during the last 20 years has given m...
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Numerical modelling of the coastal transport of pollutants in the Mediterranean. Given the very high cost of a complete sewage treatment , it is of interest to use the possibilities of self-purification that the coastal waters have in... more
Numerical modelling of the coastal transport of pollutants in the Mediterranean. Given the very high cost of a complete sewage treatment , it is of interest to use the possibilities of self-purification that the coastal waters have in every particular site of the Mediterranean. For studying the alternative technologies of sewage treatment, it seems that the mathematical models are very useful for predicting the evolution of the pollution in the sea. In this work, several types of mathematical models are described which have been developed recently in the Hydraulics Laboratory of Thessaloniki. The most complicated combine in three dimensions the finite elements to the finite differences, or they use a rectangular transformation of the coastal geometry. The more simple are based on the boundary elements. Exemples of computation are presented from the Thessaloniki Bay, where a systematic project for three years is started for knowing the properties of the marine environment.Étant donné le coût très élevé d’un traitement complet des eaux usées, il est intéressant de pouvoir tirer profit des possibilités d’ auto¬ épuration que les eaux côtières possèdent dans chaque site particulier de la Méditerranée, Pour étudier les alternatives technologiques d’épura¬ tion, il semblerait que les modèles mathématiques pour prévoir le devenir des pollutions en mer, soient des moyens très utiles. Dans ce travail sont décrits plusieurs types de modèles mathématiques qui ont été développés récemment au Laboratoire d’Hydraulique de Thessaloniki. Les plus compliqués combinent a trois dimensions les éléments finis aux différences finies ou font appel à une transformation gulaire de la géométrie des côtes. Les plus simples sont basés sur les éléments finis de frontière. Les exemples de calcul sont tirés du Golfe de Thessaloniki, où actuellement une campagne systématique triannuelle est lancée pour connaître les propriétés du milieu marin.Ganoulis Jacques, Krestenitis Jean. Rapport IV.6 Modélisation numérique du transport côtier des polluants en Méditerranée. In: L'hydraulique et la maitrise du littoral. Problèmes côtiers posés par le mouvement des sédiments et la pollution. Dix-huitièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Marseille, 11-13 septembre 1984. Tome 4, 1984
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program. It links INWEB, a water resources management network of academic and non-academic groups in south eastern Europe (SEE, or the Balkans) that has been active since 1999, with the UNESCO Chair on sustainable management of... more
program. It links INWEB, a water resources management network of academic and non-academic groups in south eastern Europe (SEE, or the Balkans) that has been active since 1999, with the UNESCO Chair on sustainable management of transboundary waters and conflict resolution. The UNESCO Chair/INWEB focuses on two main activities: • promoting and carrying out innovative research and educational programmes, and • contributing to bridging the gap between academic research and practical implementation of new knowledge in the field. Being part of the extended UNESCO organisation means that INWEB seeks to promote cooperation, capacity-building and access to new knowledge in the Balkan countries and developing regions outside Europe.
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A hydrodynamic-ecological model is used for the numerical study of coastal pollution in the Thermaikos Gulf. It is composed by a wind-induced circulation component, and by an advection-dispersion module of ten different quality... more
A hydrodynamic-ecological model is used for the numerical study of coastal pollution in the Thermaikos Gulf. It is composed by a wind-induced circulation component, and by an advection-dispersion module of ten different quality parameters. These parameters are: chlorophyll-a, organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic and inorganic phosphorus, BOD, dissolved oxygen, and coliforms. The study of the results obtained for different conditions revealed the influence of the wind direction on the distribution of pollution loads in the Thermaikos Gulf.
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To illustrate what is hydro-governance in practice and its diversity, but to try to identify features that could serve as a basis for common hydro-governance guidelines for both surface waters and groundwater, either separately or jointly... more
To illustrate what is hydro-governance in practice and its diversity, but to try to identify features that could serve as a basis for common hydro-governance guidelines for both surface waters and groundwater, either separately or jointly managed, we propose several examples of transboundary hydro-governance for both river basins systems and groundwater systems, where most of them introduce and describe International River Basin Organization, called IRBO’s or TBO’s (Transboundary Basin Organizations), with some exceptions we present as well.
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In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in... more
In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included compar...
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Eristic and dialectics are used in their original meaning in Greek to describe conflicting relations between man and water (eristic) and their logical reconciliation (dialectics). A historic peregrination shows a dysfunctional... more
Eristic and dialectics are used in their original meaning in Greek to describe conflicting relations between man and water (eristic) and their logical reconciliation (dialectics). A historic peregrination shows a dysfunctional relationship that humans have had with water. It became human-dominated, creating huge externalities, in the state-of-the-art Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) policy model as well. The Eristic-Dialectical symbiosis of humans with water unifies harmoniously their contradictory relationship of conflict and cooperation. It has been used to develop a new policy model of WRM that is illustrated here with two real case studies and can lead to a sustainable Hydro-Governance.