Introduction to
Computer
Memory
Computer memory is the storage
space within a computing device
used to hold data and instructions
for processing. It plays a crucial
role in the performance and
functionality of any computer
system.
by Arlene Villanueva
Types of Computer Memory
Primary Memory Secondary Memory Cache Memory
Includes RAM and Includes hard Serves as a high-
ROM, which drives, SSDs, and speed buffer
provide direct optical discs, between the CPU
access to the offering large- and primary
CPU for fast data scale storage for memory,
retrieval and files and optimizing data
processing. programs. access and
processing speed.
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
1 Volatile
RAM loses its data when the
power is turned off, requiring
constant power supply.
2 Fast Access
RAM provides quick and direct
access to data, enabling efficient
processing by the CPU.
3 Expansion
RAM can be easily upgraded to
increase the system's memory
capacity and performance.
ROM (Read-Only
Memory)
1 Non-Volatile 2 Unchangeable
ROM retains its data The contents of
even when the power ROM are
is turned off, ensuring permanently
the system's basic stored and cannot
functions. be modified by
the user.
3 Boot Process
ROM stores the essential
instructions required for the
computer's initial boot-up sequence.
Cache Memory
Proximity Speed
Cache memory is Cache memory operates
located close to the at a much higher speed
compared to main
CPU, providing rapid memory, boosting
access to frequently system performance.
used data.
Optimization
Tiered Hierarchy
Cache memory acts as a Modern systems often have
buffer, anticipating and multiple levels of cache
storing the data the CPU memory, with each level
is likely to need next. serving a specific purpose.
Virtual Memory
Expanded Capacity Paging and Swapping
Virtual memory allows the Virtual memory management
computer to use disk storage as techniques, such as paging and
an extension of RAM, effectively swapping, efficiently move data
increasing the available between RAM and disk as
memory. needed.
Performance Automated
Optimization Management
Virtual memory helps optimize The operating system handles
system performance by allowing the complex tasks of virtual
programs to run without the memory management, making it
limitations of physical RAM size. seamless for the user.
Memory Management
Allocation
The operating system allocates memory to programs
and processes as needed.
Utilization
Programs and processes use the allocated memory
to store and access data.
Deallocation
When a program or process is finished, the memory
is freed up for reuse.
Conclusion
Memory Type Key Characteristics
RAM Volatile, fast access,
expandable
ROM Non-volatile, unchangeable,
used for booting
Cache Proximity to CPU, high
speed, multi-tiered
Virtual Memory Expanded capacity, paging
and swapping, automated
management
