REPRESENTING
REAL-LIFE
SITUATIONS
USING
RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS,
FUNCTIONS
VERTICAL TESTS, DOMAIN
AND RANGE
LESSON
OUTLINE
What are relations?
What are functions?
Presenting functions as tables and
graphs
The Vertical Line Test
LET'S
RECALL
y
12
AND
10
Do you still remember how to fill in 8
ANALYZE!
the table of values based on a
given graph?
6
Complete the table of values 2
x
below.
x
2 4 6 8 10 12
y
LET'S
ANSW
ER
KEY
RECALL
y
12
AND
10
Do you still remember how to fill in 8
ANALYZE!
the table of values based on a
given graph?
6
Complete the table of values 2
x
below.
x 2 4 6 8 8
2 4 6 8 10 12
y 2 4 6 8 10
LEARNIN
G
OUTCOME
By the end of the lesson, you'll be
S
able to:
• Recall the concepts of
relations and functions.
• Differentiate between a
relation and a function.
• Use a vertical test.
WHAT ARE
RELATIONS? A relation is a set of ordered
pairs that represent a
relationship.
Example:
Names and their age are
a set of ordered pairs Name Alex Jude Arlo Casey
that we could put into a
table. Age 9 12 11 11
WHAT IS A
RELATIONS?
• The set of all first elements of
the ordered pairs is called the
domain of the relation, and
the set of all second elements
is called the range.
WHAT IS A
FUNCTION?
A function is a relation or rule
of correspondence between two
elements (domain and range)
such that each element in the
domain corresponds to exactly
one element in the range.
Given the following ordered pairs, which
relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10
y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10
y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9
ANSWE This is not a function because the x-
value, 9, corresponds to two different y-
R:
values, -4 and 11.
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10
y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9
ANSWE FUNCTION
R:
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
ANSWE
R:
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
ANSWE
R:
TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?
ANSWE
R:
VERTICAL 5
LINE TEST 3
Use the vertical line test to -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
check whether a graph of a 1
-
relation is a function. 2
-
3
If a vertical line, drawn -
4
anywhere on the graph, can -
5
touch the graph only once,
then it is a function.
VERTICAL 5
LINE TEST 3
If a vertical line, drawn -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
anywhere on the graph, can 1
-
touch the graph more than 2
-
once, then the relation is not 3
-
a function. 4
-
5
5
VERTICAL
2
LINE TEST
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
5
VERTICAL
2
LINE TEST
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
Functions as representations of real-life
situations
5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
Functions as representations of real-life
situations
5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
THE
FUNCTION
MACHINE
Function can be
illustrated as a
machine where
there is the input
and the output.
LET’S TRY THE
FOLLOWING REAL-LIFE
SITUATION.
If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a
function H that can represent the height of a
person in a age, if every year the height is
added by 2 inches.
Solution:
inches, then the height function is 𝑯(𝒂)
Since every year the height is added by 2
LET’S TRY THE
FOLLOWING REAL-LIFE
SITUATION.
If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a
function D that can represent the distance a
car travels in t time, if every hour the car
travels 60 kilometers.
Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60
kilometers, therefore the distance function is
PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
A piecewise function is a function in which more
than one formula is used to define the output.
Each formula has its own domain, and the domain
of the function is the union of all these smaller
domains.
F(𝑥) = formula 1 if x is in domain
We notate this idea like this:
1
= formula 2 if x is in
LOOK AT
THESE
AEXAMPLES!
user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular
mobile plan, which includes 200 free text messages.
Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using
the function t(m), where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.
t(𝑚) = { 250 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤200 [For sending messages of not
Answer:
t(m)= (250 +𝑚) 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 >200
exceeding 200]
[In case the messages sent were
LOOK AT
THESE
A EXAMPLES!
certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece.
However, if you buy more than 5 pieces they will mark
down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise
function to represent the cost in terms of the number
of chocolate bars bought.
𝑓(𝑛)={ 50 𝑖𝑓 0<𝑛≤5
Answer:
[For buying 5 chocolate bars or
={(48𝑛) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛>5
less]
[ For buying more than 5
SUMMARY
A function is a special type
of relation where each input
only has one output.
Graphing a function using
the table of values
Step 1: Construct the table of values.
Step 2: Plot the points on the coordinate
plane.
INDEPENDENT
PRACTICE 1
A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to
do a certain job. Express the total
salary S as a function of the number n
of days that the person works.
INDEPENDENT
PRACTICE 2
A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in
every hour of computer rental.
Represent your computer rental fee (R)
using the function R(t) where t is the
number of hours you spent on the
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