GENERAL MATHEMATICS - Grade 11

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Quarter1 - Week 1: Learning Activity Sheet 1

Representing Real Life Situations Using Functions
and Piece-Wise Functions

Background Information for Learners

Welcome to the first lesson in General Mathematics. This lesson will give you the
practical applications of functions in a real-life scenario including the piece-wise function.
When you were in Grade 8, you already encountered relations and functions. This Learning
Activity Sheet will take you into a deeper sense of understanding how useful the topic is in
your daily life. Are you ready?

Consider the overview of functions and relations.

A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first element of the ordered pairs
is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called range.
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements (domain and
range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element in the range.

To further understand a function, study the following examples.

Example 1. Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?
A = {(1, 3), (4, 1), (2, 0), (7, 2)}
B = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
C = {(1, 2), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 3)}
D = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, d), (a, d)}
Answer: The relation A & B are functions because each element in the domain
corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C & D are not functions
because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain {C= (0,1) and (0,3), D= (a, b) and
(a, d)}.

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Example 2. Given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A. x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

B. x -3 1 2 5 7 9
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0 4

C. x 1 1 1 2 5 6
y -5 -2 -1 0 2 4

Answer: A and B are functions since all values of x corresponds to exactly one value
of y. Unlike C, where 1 corresponds to three values, -5, -2 and -1
.

Example 3. Given the mapping diagrams, which do you think represent functions?

A. B. C.
A A RR Ken
X X
B B CJ Cath
y y
C C Tala Rey

Answer: The relation A and C are functions because each element in the domain
corresponds to a unique element in the range. However, B is a mere relation and not a function
because there is a domain which corresponds to more than one range.

A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by its graph in Cartesian
plane, and that the graph represents a function if it satisfies the vertical line test.
Vertical Line Test:
A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through
the graph intersects at exactly one point.

Example 4. Given the graphs of a relation, can you identify which are functions? Use the
vertical line test to determine whether the graph is function or not.

A. B. C. D.

Answer: A and B are graphs of functions while C and D are not because they do not
pass the vertical line test.

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 In Mathematics, you can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented
through set of ordered pairs, tables, mappings, equations, and graphs.

Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Functions are often used to model real-life situations. Identifying appropriate models
will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 5. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal cost
P 40.
Answer: Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is .

Example 6. If height is a function of age ( ), give a function that can represent the
height of a person in age ), if every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Answer: Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height function is
.

PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the
value of independent variable. These situations as represented by functions called piecewise
functions.

Example 7. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100
free text messages. Messages more than 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using function (m), where m is the number of messages per month.
Answer.
The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function

Example 8. A jeepney ride cost P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, each additional integer
kilometer adds P1.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in
terms of distance (d) in kilometers
Answer: The input is the distance, and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If
F(d) represents the fare as a function of distance, the function can be represented as
follows:

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 Learning Competency

The Learner represents real-life situations using functions, including piecewise

functions (M11GM-Ia-1)

Activities

Activity 1. Think and Analyze

Directions: Answer the following item as instructed. Write your answer on a
separate sheet. Justify your answer.
1. For which value of k is the set of ordered pairs (2,3), (k,6), (4,0) a function?
2. Which of the following diagrams represent a relation that is NOT a function?
A. B. C.

1 1 c a -2
3
2 5 l -3
b
3 7 r

3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of a function?

x 2 1 0 1
a. y 3 6 7 2

x -2 -1 0 1
b. y 0 -3 0 3

x -1 -2 -3 -4
c. y 2 3 3 4

4. Juliet is earning P850.00 per days to do a certain job. Express the total salary as a
function of the number of days that Juliet works.
5. Jose can encode 1000 words in every hour of a typing job. Express the total number of
words ( ) as a function of the number of hours ( ) that Jose can encode.

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6. A certain chocolate bar cost P35.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 10 pieces,
they will be marked down to a price of P32.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to
represent the cost in terms of the numbers of chocolate bars bought.
7. A van rental charges P 5,500.00 flat rate for a whole day tour in LEGASPI CITY of 5
passengers and for each additional passenger, P500.00 is added to the tour fare. Express
a piecewise function to represent the van rental in terms number of passengers .

Activity 2. Function or Mere Relation

Directions: Write F if the given situation is a function and R if it is a mere relation.

_____1. The amount of revenue a shoe company makes is a function of how many shoes
are sold. They make one type of shoe.
_____2.
_____3. The number of miles traveled is a function of the average rate of travel.
_____4.
_____5. The rule which assigns each person a surname.

Reflection

Complete the statement below.

1. I have learned that a relation ____________________________________________
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2. I have learned that a function ___________________________________________
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3. For me, using functions to represent real-life situations is important because ______
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